This repository documents my exploration of embedded systems, beginning with Arduino. The README.md contains references and key insights gained throughout my projects.

The /sketches folder includes:

• .ino file with the code.
• .jpg image of the setup.
• .mp4 video showing the setup in action.

The kit used:

• ELEGOO Mega R3 2560, available for purchase here.

• Arduino Hardware
• Arduino Project Hub
• Elegoo Tutorial Documentation
• Resistor Values
• Fun with Transistors
• Capacitors Explained
• Arduino MASTERCLASS
• How to Read a Schematic
• How to Read Schematics - Part 1
• How to Read Schematics - Part 2
• Schematic Symbols

1. Electrical Signals:

   • AC (Alternating Current): Electricity flows back and forth.
   • DC (Direct Current): Electricity flows in one direction.

2. Voltage and Current:

   • Voltage is the force that makes electrons flow. It's a difference in potential energy between two different points in a circuit.
   • Current is the rate of the flow of electrons. It's measured in amperes, which are also called amps.
   
   

   In AC circuits, the voltage can be calculated using Ohm's law:

   • V = I x R.
   • V is the voltage (in volts, V)
   • I is the current (in amperes, A)
   • R is the resistance (in ohms, Ω)

3. Circuit Basics:

   • Closed Circuit: Allows current to flow from power to ground.
   • Open Circuit: Interrupts the flow of electricity.

4. Series vs. Parallel Circuits:

   • Series: Same current flows through all components.
   • Parallel: Same voltage across all components.

5. Resistors:

   • Add resistance to the circuit, reducing current flow.
   • Measured in Ohms (Ω).

6. Capacitors:

   • Store and discharge electricity to maintain a steady current.
   • Measured in Farads (F).

7. Diodes:

   • Allow current to flow in only one direction.
   • LEDs are a special type of diode that emits light.

8. Transistors:

   • Amplify electrical signals.
   • Two main types: NPN and PNP.

9. Integrated Circuits (ICs):

   • Miniaturized circuits with multiple components.
   • Common IC: 555 timer.

10. Potentiometers:

    • Variable resistors that adjust resistance in a circuit.
    • Commonly used in volume controls.

11. Switches:

    • Mechanical devices that open or close circuits.

12. Batteries:

    • Convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
    • Can be connected in series to increase voltage or in parallel to increase current.

13. Breadboards:

    • Prototyping boards used for building circuits without soldering.
    • Contains rows and columns of electrically connected holes for components.