[css-color] Add display-p3-linear

As per https://developer.apple.com/documentation/realitykit/construct-an-immersive-environment-for-visionos#Generate-efficient-textures Display P3 is the best color space for visionOS. Display P3 Linear would still require some conversion, but it's significantly less than with rec-2100-linear for instance. This is because it's very close to the final color space. And as a result display-p3-linear has better performance.

Therefore colleagues and I think it's a good idea to add display-p3-linear to CSS, 2D Canvas, etc.

I can certainly see the benefit, and would be happy to add it given implementer interest and a CSSWG resolution.

[css-color-4] Add display-p3-linear #12596

@emilio

@emilio Apple proposed this and Chrome is happy to add, do you have an opinion?

(This is calculated as an intermediate step when converting to or from display-p3 so implementation is trivial, the proposal is just to expose it in CSS syntax)

The CSS Working Group just discussed [css-color] Add display-p3-linear and agreed to the following:

RESOLUTION: add display-p3-linear to the predefined color-spaces

The full IRC log of that discussion

ChrisL: this fit nicely with hardware. in practice people use p3, but linear-p3 is calculated anyway
ccameron: this space is coming from the Canvas world
proposal: add display-p3-linear to the predefined color-spaces
lea: maybe we should have linear version of all RGB color-spaces already existing
ccameron: we could start with srgb, 2020
s/lea: maybe we should have linear version of all color-spaces already existing/lea: maybe we should have linear version of all RGB color-spaces already existing/
`RESOLUTION: add display-p3-linear to the predefined color-spaces`

Should display-p3-linear also be added as an interpolation color space?
I think this list is maintained separately.

Thanks, good catch

[css-color-5] Added display-p3-linear tocolor spaces for interpolation …

[css-color-5] Added display-p3-linear to color spaces for interpolation

[css-color-hdr-1] Added display-p3-linear to color spaces for interpo…

[Color] Add support for display-p3-linear colors in CSS

[css-color-4][editorial] WPT for display-p3-linear #12596

Just a nitpick on the name: wouldn't it make more sense to call this simply p3-linear instead of display-p3-linear?

My reasoning is like this: "P3" defines the color primaries, while the "Display" part indicates that it is using the transfer function of sRGB. This is in contrast with DCI-P3 which uses the same primaries as Display P3 but a different transfer function (a gamma 2.6).

But of course if the transfer function is linear, then it's not the sRGB transfer function like in Display P3, and it feels a bit weird to include the display- part in the name.

My reasoning is like this: "P3" defines the color primaries, while the "Display" part indicates that it is using the transfer function of sRGB. This is in contrast with DCI-P3 which uses the same primaries as Display P3 but a different transfer function (a gamma 2.6).

No, that is not the only difference between them. The viewing conditions and the white point also differ between DCI P3 and Display P3.

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[css-color] Add display-p3-linear #12596

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