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97 views10 pagesBio Molecules
Uploaded by
krishnatiwari71501Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 10
= Bionolecules
lion 2 —
TeV yn ae —thak has an oldetyde. ox a Ketone
fae ee
hemjacetal a P sail ave — alle §— Canbohy eluate:
Monbohydvake ane substances haviog fervel Fewmala Lx Chao) y «
sLlassftaln of _Covbohydules
4+ Meno sa cchanidles ?—
* A pabohydvate “that —tannot be hyctecp sel fo Simple yom pourds
Is galled =~ monosaccaside »
1 © Monosocchawde cahich hove ix foubon ane citer aildohexoses om
Keto hexoses 4 Glucose “Bucfose 5 Guolactase the +
| =O 0 Sacchowides -—
* foubo that yield 2-40 10 monosacchanide units» On is 5
axe ee Olvy> acc hasidles - mt
© They are "Raden velasified! 95 clisnechanides » .sacchewicks
teluasocchasicls eke okpendig upon the no: of monecsacc hasidles » they
ovide on — bude
Pee a ee seeks units oblained by fyi of a disacchawich
be asome ax — cliffewent -
f QSucwse + Matias Jaclas ce:
oe acces om
A \toxbohyduate that can be elyzsd to may monocsacchasid €
pees is talked 4 pol cchtsicks by AStouch> Cellulase che -
Aldeses Monosacchauides ° veon'aini alclehycle up exe called — aldose.
_Kelases ¢ Monasacchanides vonteining Kelonic gap ore Called Ketexs :
ee g Non- eres cg
© Both — monosacchauioks YB oe ane crystalline asolidls »
ASoluble fn coakex asweet tn —foste hese, =e Voollect vely
Known as
es axe amouphous » Spevsingly
ee Fae ‘Knewon as. -_ Non Btpane:
ae
Qseluble in water
f auch Yo Non Reducing up ans $—
a Asbechadcles “Tare Sotto chligy's pepe Blien's segents
ae falted ag caeaery Digans
“AN Mmonosochwddes uShethey aleose om Ketose, cue Lnueing
Brpans
by t= Glucose » Paulos mannase 5 galactose «
d g
UF ts ack as a sechieiny agent Conecluces ote Pligg’ solution
asilvew pieorel Asoluhon):
Gromoni ca!
“pa pupexties ?—
© Gucose 18 Guret in taste 8 cla opHeally %Htve Cexto sohbey)
mutanotalion
v
* Gilucse — Ashows
cent)
o Expimens 2— ave pats oF diasteuio-
mes that diffex only tn -the
Con ipuxalion ahout A Glngle Lauber)
Ahem + q
fF Gatscose B Mannose cae Co chimes
cHo
Heo te OH
Ho—t_,,
H—_ on
f—on
CH OH
D- Glucose.
ChrOHCcHoH)y CHao)
SH bi tol » f
CHOW CCHon)y COOH + Cu,O4
Guconic aero
Ceo),
Povmahon) @ = NN H@te * tho che Structure of Gilucose -—
«Vie open chain Swcture OP alucase ed by ayes iment
post ota ves: Bub ip Tins el Pe ptishars: f ao”
D Gilucase clees not ee cKhIPP's fast ~B cloes not each woth
Noksos & ae ty ma pensul phite addi Hon pwodkict inspite of Doesence
of - HO foe
2) entacctate “oP “placase cles not dtenct with NHa OH group
fndicaHing absence of -CHo ger
tation of Plucase y—
© Tis Spontaneous 7” thon in cspecifre Hotalyons of an opticly
achve sfompound ts vole! mutasiofalion »
© These blac afan ‘be explained by tyclic Shuuckwe OF plucase:
Glucose a Stable vuclic , hemiactal: Initially Rive
membered ting stauc hore of qrlucase 8 psopased Bit Known
as Nase *
Aromas axe diastereomens that clifPer in the don Pipunalion at
se acetal on hemiocetol’ C atom oP a span in its Cycle)
Four @H Anomens ave epimens —ewhase. ton Potrmations cli PRese
Obout Cue
Tolsg abc) g p- bw glucase ate cnomens «
O-SO©) f B-bO) Bauctase ~ one cnomess » A
© Tn Alucose C2 Cayton ts anomeiic ‘\Caybon Bin fuefase C2
Veasiben fs Onenmesic —Casbon +
(2) Fawetose
© TF ts also Krown as @-Laevulose re nakwa! Occettung
kembound — #5 faevastotal :
y Fenny ne i Ghos mutauotalion lrke (lecase °
in
7
© TF is edu Orepans °
OSkruse bese 3
CH2-OH OCH, H H 4, -OH
anO se
i HO H |
Ho-c—r h—bon peel
# —C-on Bord
nofoon Be lee
. C—O) OY ~b~ Ruructofwanase BA Bt Preto Pusdnasc
er en Shane tee cSpeciPire Rotation Secihie Rotation
cSpeciPre Pie C52") Eaot (-433") Diasteweomens with — mane pe one Stexeocentue that li Pre In the
wonrvpunation — abou moe ne AFFeweoCenbye ae galled epimenes:
G)_ Be Giycen arden
OS an edimen)* r 4
(i) D- Eiythwase 2 Letheose ane oy
Gi) D-plucese g - galac ase ane ey cpimens
fiycoroldehyde Chis pai IS an emnttomen as coelf
(Sucrose 3 (Su Cio Hor Oy) : < :
Aqueous asolubion OP Su 1S extoowvotaray its speciPie stotabion
ip + 665°.
na Wis tape pets acids csucwase yields an equimolax
eae ba- bOI ~ Rructase
Lr ie 0 n+ Hoos + G tin O
* Since d¢-)zRuctase has Gecifie swtalion thon b Cr plucase
sthe _Jtesul He mixtuxe 3 = ea
© Sucwase is nor a wreclucing “aye:
© It ches not Fawm an Orie
asazone > ches not
Soe mutase tedion +
20H Mal: malt Cet <—
* When it is h bolysed — Uoit cliluke acids O%
Mm by the en ye moltase, maltese yields +t00
y olecules of! bew- glucase -
© Maltese ts a weducing csugay , ft ‘Foums an
Oxime Qn Saz0nes Undespoes muto—
Hoch re Z ‘o
1noH
H c 1 H220y
on Cete eae cd * by dituke acids om
Qsructase —the Cr2yme lactose» +0 On eguimolay mixtue
oF DH —glumse B BCH ~ galaclase :
© [actese I a pL ing Gauge:
CH20H
at
sk
Ga (Bab 4- plucaisi tines) \ Plucacehandes ?—
4) VStouch (Ce Hie Os)n nee
Armplose C20]:) Croakey osetulsle)
Sais Ue
Amylepectin (807) Cantey tnsoluble) «
* Both 7 go tp fin ane veembased oP B- glucose Units
© The tose "molec & mode up of beautease unit
(c bin betrocen orl “oF one plucose
fee i ries me unit: The no Ol Dap cer
units in ores - 800°
eine CH2OH
HPO
I °
ai
if ecto fas a baanched ~chain Hise betwen -L to
one i unit GB -4 of the next glileose unit: “Thase
hains In Fawn Comected fo cach othex by L56> linkages:
aay HOH
ou
x(imy Caipessiclic Gin
H
4—YUr-6)
o O busanch pein
Ht mt o
Hi CoH CH
4
°
(, _ Compopectin)
ites G& ok tae
100 - sHedticing
= Le face i Gs: ih Valid p Be py casile ey TWlien's »
é Bene Reagents
wae which a tests with these Uteagenks ane
Ke as a, oy -the sAovbahy dba which
vlontain Gg hemiace!
posittve fess »
C) bp [Csr] “aes ou Ph j—> a 4 + Onietion
are rR chee
Genedltc #! oridlise an allclase om Ketase A give
Le rr a ee ee Glucose 4 Luuctose
Aldase am Kehase
Ford Behowen ‘hoo camo dcid molecules ts Pxphtte frend! 'an’
amide bend 38 the esulfane is Known as _clipeptide
© AN pretin ave ae mes of @-amro ackle ¥ on paxtiol b dich
plete
Sis ae, ee ey th: anil masies which — upon
pact TG Pepicles —bydielysis , Qe —antiro acide:
LlossiPication OP ‘Arming acicl !—
ential Prin acicli— Amino Ocids which ane Necessauy be paesent (rn
ou cht plan»
Kun- Besetial Amino cid t- Le Omino acide -fhok axe prttesis
these, awe asaiel fo be ndn- essential aciols
p ere Amino ani
dine CJ Toleucine Lysine
b cet Bssential Amino _actel
ae eee @) Aspagine Cs) Aspastie. acid Cy Cystine +
Mn Oux
nce ae veaibon ts. asyminete > L~ Amino acids ae represented!
by as auc cvaler
Qsoluble \vitomins must be supplied pasty in dliee
©) Fak_astuble vitomnsi— These oe
Thee ane Ay ds Ef K- “They
*-(Por stovug) tissues’
(3) Biotin (titamin k)?— TIF ts neither Qsoluble in tater nox In Paks » Lack
CF poxHiclan ‘Vitamin veauses, pecitie OlPiciency olisease +
ePictency eleseqse Que
t- OP asome im)outant vitamins Z
Cia A_CRetinol) $= Yew pthalnuia Checlening? of eye). asihea night
buindness oF xeHashs Celagig of- ckin)+
\iterun 81 CThtamme) i Bewbew Gpeolgss oF lps gems! weakness)
i oP appelite«
Vitamin» a Gsm eshine Nitamin)~ Rickels CokRumation oP
hones) Osteomallacra A bones 8 pot pain) +
Nifomin vo fs ey Krown as 2sCanbie eid) “Seung
Nadec Reid *
@— Niche acids ce Molocless 1 tomplex + Qmawphours Lormpounds
al ubstanes ( Goluble rn Pals:
ae Stewed iy liver 2 adipase made up of —thyee Units ' hoses s ser Phonic acid: “These
Ge Oblained the col ysis cin ich kk
ae ae toa hcl 4p oF “pu th a which fs a
ci e0 t—
nuelere Acids an Gu'bbnuckic actels CRnA):
pentase — nucleic gn ay seen de acids inp):
* Nuelere oerds tan . tn cs -fo nucteot' cks »
nuc leoarichs has phasuie ad 1 ake base P as
Nuclete A Se keds nla Nucleasteles tH . a
Base + Asia
£3—