History and Evolution of Hockey
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ScribdTranslationsHISTORY
AND
EVOLUTION
OF HOCKEY
Degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences
University of Alicante 2010 - 2011
Alzamora Damiano, Eduardo Nicolás
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SPORTS WITH IMPLEMENTS: HOCKEY
INDEX
1. Origins of hockey
2. hockey history
3. The three types of hockey
3.1 Ice Hockey
3.2 Field hockey
3.3 roller hockey
4. Main historical dates
5. Bibliography
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SPORTS WITH IMPLEMENTS: HOCKEY
1. ORIGINS OF HOCKEY
Hockey is a very old sport. It began about
5,000 years ago, when a game similar to
today's polo was played in Persia. It was an
expensive sport, because each player
needed, in addition to clubs, strong and fast
horses. It was then when children and the
most humble invented this new game.
Thus, the less fortunate began to play this
horseless game by adapting a new stick,
varying its size, to be able to hit a ball that
was sometimes a rounded stone and
sometimes an animal bladder covered by
very dry leather.
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2. HISTORY OF HOCKEY
On the other hand, before the Christian era in what is now Ireland,
“hurling” was played, which is a game similar to hockey that was
played with a ball and a stick, this game is still played today in
Ireland. . According to paintings found during excavations in the
19th century, already in the year 480 BC. c. In Athens, hockey was
played with curved sticks and carrying a ball.
Meanwhile, the Romans invented a very peculiar and inhuman way of
playing the game: they used human skulls as balls, and according to
records, the Roman conquests allowed the game to be exported to
various regions of the world. But history shows that hockey was played
long before in Asia, South America and Africa, the game consisting of
hitting a ball with a stick.
In Mexico, the Aztecs played games similar to today's field hockey. The
balls were made of wood or animal skin and short, curved animal bones
were used as sticks.
Something similar was also played in South America: it was called
chueca and it was very popular although it caused neighborhood fights
on more than one occasion and was therefore banned in 1763.
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SPORTS WITH IMPLEMENTS: HOCKEY
Chueca was played with a wooden ball and a
1.35 meter curved stick of the same material.
The objective of the game was to get the ball
to the opposing team's finish line. The game
began in a special way: the ball was placed in
a small hole in the middle of the playing field
and covered with some dirt. Before starting
the match, the teams had to agree on how
many times their sticks had to hit each other
before the game actually began. The bully
known in hockey today may have originated
from this strange way of starting the game.
The name hockey is believed to come from
the French hoquet, which is a shepherd's staff. The game of
The first time this name was applied was in Chueca
the 18th century, but only a hundred years
later would the name be adopted internationally.
The English legacy for hockey is certain rules that were structured in
that country before 1856. There are some clues that someone called
Harrow made the first real rules for hockey in 1852, including that only
30 players were allowed per team...
In 1870 the game became popular and was played throughout England.
It was called Hockey , Hoockey , Horkey and Hawkey probably
because of the curved stick with which it was played. The founding of
the English Hockey Association in 1875 can be regarded as the official
birth date of organized hockey.
In 1875, in England, the same ball as in cricket began to be used and
from then on the style of the game changed, becoming a more
technical and tactical discipline because such a round and hard
element rolled better. At that time the goal measured about 10 meters
wide, so the matches ended with lopsided results. Likewise, the player
could take the ball with his hands.
Around 1900, the International Hockey Board was founded, following
an agreement between the English and Irish hockey associations, with
the aim of developing international rules for hockey. Then, in 1924, the
International Hockey Federation (FIH) was created, which founded the
international rules of this sport. It had 14 members in 1940, with 77 in
1977 and has grown greatly since then.
The first women's hockey club was founded in
London in 1877 and the International Federation
of Women's Hockey Associations was
established in 1927. International competitions
for women were first organized in the mid-1970s,
and in 1975 the Women's World Championship
was played in Scotland.
Over the years, hockey has taken rules and
principles from other sports, such as the
introduction of defenders, midfielders and
attackers, or the offside rule.
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SPORTS WITH IMPLEMENTS: HOCKEY
3. THE THREE TYPES OF HOCKEY
Since the 18th century, there have been three styles of hockey that are
currently practiced (in addition to the aforementioned Irish hurling).
They are all played with a stick and the objective is to score goals in the
opponent's goal.
3.1. Ice Hockey
Ice hockey originates from Canada. Military members of that country
decided to implement it upon their return from England after seeing him
play on the grass and for this they founded the Canadian Amateur
Hockey Association.
In 1892 it was introduced to Europe where it expanded
rapidly, especially in Eastern European countries. It has been
part of the Olympic Games since 1920, being one of the most
popular events of the Winter Olympics. Of course, the NHL,
from the United States, is the most important league in the
world, and although only Canadian and American teams
participate, it has the best players in the world.
3.2. Field hockey Field hockey was
already popular, for both
men and women,
towards the end of the
19th century. His fame
became so great that in
1924 the International
Hockey Federation was
founded (later "on grass"
was added).
However, it has been
part of the Olympic
Games since 1908
3.3 Roller hockey (London) but only for the
men's category.
Women's field hockey became part of the Olympic Games in 1980
(Moscow).
As for roller hockey, it began to be practiced at the beginning
of the 20th century in the county of Kent, England. It was
played on cement courts and with roller skates.
When the International Skate Federation was created in
1924, the discipline was restructured and in a short time it
spread throughout Europe, South America, Angola and
Mozambique. It is not part of the Olympic program but was an
exhibition sport at the 1992 Barcelona Games.
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4. MAIN HISTORICAL DATES
1852 Indications of the first rules of Hockey by Harrow.
1861 Creation of the first club called Blackheath football and hockey club (London).
1871 Formation of Teddington Hockey Club.
1875 Founding of the English Hockey Association.
1877 Founding of the first women's hockey club (London).
1886 Founding of the Hockey Association.
1890 International matches began to be played.
1895 Founding of the English Women's Hockey Association.
1900 The International Hockey Board was founded.
1908 Men's hockey was included in the Olympic Games (London).
1924 The International Hockey Federation (FIH) was created.
1927 The International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations is created.
1970 First European championship for men.
1971 First celebration of the FIH World Cup for men.
1974 First celebration of the FIH World Cup for women.
1978 The Champions Trophy for men (Pakistan) was held for the first time.
1982 The men's and women's games were unified under the auspices of the FIH.
1984 First European championship for women.
1987 The Champions Trophy for women began.
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5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?
cid=425090&pagenum=1
http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?
chid=4&schid=24947&secid=24959&cid=
425090&pagenum=2
http://www.atleticosanjeronimo.com.ar/misitio/historia_2.htm
http://sanrafaelhockey.blogspot.com/2010/03/historia-del-
hockey.html
http://www.sisi.com.pe/deportes/hockey/historia.html
http://efalhadra.wordpress.com/page/2/
http://inicia.es/de/jmplo/historia.htm
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