ARD STATIC
Plant Propogation
Propagation
Propagation means the multiplication of plants with the aim of achieving an increase in the
number of plants and at the same time, preserving the essential characteristics of the mother
plant.
Sexual Propagation Asexual Propagation
Sexual Propagation
▪ Sexual reproduction may be referred to as the multiplication of plants by seeds
▪ The plants raised through seed are called seedling plants (Heterozygous nature).
▪ Seedling plants are long-lived, productive, and tolerant to hostile soil and climatic conditions
and diseases and Seeds can be kept for longer duration /periods for future use if stored
properly. Seed is the source to produce rootstocks
Seed propagation is the only possible way to propagate plants like Coconut and Papaya,
where asexual means of propagation are not practicable. Moreover, Hybrids can only be
developed by sexual means.
Sexual propagation also offers opportunities for Polyembryony* (For example: Mango,
Citrus, Jamun, etc.) and Apomixis** (Sikkim crabapple, Chinese crab apple, Sargent
crabapple), which produces “True-to-Type” plants (For those plants, that were Asexual
propagation is not practicable)
Seedling plants are not true to type to the mother plants and have long juvenile phases (6-
10 years) and hence flowering and fruiting commence late in them, which leads to
difficulty for commercial cultivation
Polyembryony may be defined as the production of two or more than two embryos from a single
seed. In plants, this phenomenon is caused either due to the fertilization of one or more than
one
embryonic sac or due to the origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.
Apomixis (Greek -"away from" + "mixing") is the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal
tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis & and fertilization, leading to embryo
development.
Types of Asexual Propagation
Asexual propagation
Planting of
Cutting Layering Budding Grafting Micropropagation
modified organs
Cuttings
I. Hardwood Cuttings II. Semi Hardwood III. Softwood stem
Cuttings Cuttings
Cuttings taken branches of the current tender shoots and soft tender shoots
from the year's growth of a plant branches of the current that are still green are
are considered as year's growth and show considered softwood
Hardwood cuttings brown blotches on the cuttings
green stem are considered
as Semi hardwood cuttings
These cuttings pencil thickness about 20 cm with a pair of 8-10 cm with a
typically/generally measuring 25-30 cm leaves present at the tip. growing tip and leaves
are with 4-5 nodes (with at the tip
uniform internodal
growth).
Layering
Air Layering Simple Layering
Layering
Mound Layering Continuous Layering
Layering
Serpentine Layering
Grafting
Approach Grafting Inarch Grafting
Grafting
Veneer Grafting Wedge Grafting
Grafting
Epicotyl Grafting Softwood Grafting
Grafting
Cleft Grafting Tongue/Whip Grafting
Grafting
Bridge Grafting
Budding
T / Shield Budding Inverted T Budding
Budding
Patch Budding Chip Budding
Budding
I Budding Forkert Budding
Budding
Flute Budding Ring Budding
Modified Parts
Suckers Tubers
Modified Parts
Rhizome
Micropropagation
Oil palm, plantain, pine, date, eggplant, jojoba, pineapple, rubber tree, cassava, yam, sweet
potato, tomato etc.,
Banana - Varieties like Shrimanti, Gross Michael and Grand Naine are commonly produced using
tissue culture technique.
Previous Year
Practice Question
Question
Q. The eyes of a potato are useful for ________________.
A. Micro propagation
B. Vegetative propagation
C. Sexual Reproduction
D. All of the above
E. Both a and c
Ans. Vegetative propagation
A. None of the above
Previous Year
Practice Question
Question
Q. Which of the following is a stem that grows horizontally under the surface?
A. Suckers
B. Runners
C. Buds
D. Rhizomes
E. None of the above
Ans. Rhizomes
A. None of the above
Practice Question
Q. ___________ is a propagation method in which, new plant remains at least partially
attached to the mother plant while forming new roots.
A. Layering
B. Budding
C. Grafting
D. Cutting
E. None of the above
Ans. Layering
A. None of the above
Practice
Practice Question
Yourself
Q. _________ is a small plantlet that appears at the base of the mother plant and is a
propagation method that is followed in Bananas.
A. Tuber
B. Sucker
C. Both a and b
D. Runner
E. None of the above
Ans. Sucker
A. None of the above
Practice
Practice Question
Yourself
Q. Which of the following is not true regarding sexual propagation?
a. Sexual reproduction may be referred to as the multiplication of plants by seeds
b. The plants raised through seed are called seedling plants (Heterozygous nature).
c. Seedling plants are long-lived, productive, and tolerant to hostile soil and climatic
conditions and diseases
A. a and b
B. b and c
C. c and a
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Ans. None of the above
A. None of the above
