Haryana

Haryana (/hʌriˈɑːnə/; Hindi: [ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː]) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It
was carved out after the linguistic reorganisation of Punjab on 1 November 1966. It is ranked 21st in terms of Haryana
area, with less than 1.4% (44,212 km2 or 17,070 sq mi) of India's land area.[2][13] The state capital is State
Chandigarh, which it shares with the neighbouring state of Punjab; and the most populous city is Faridabad,
State of Haryana
which is a part of the National Capital Region. The city of Gurgaon is among India's largest financial and
technology hubs.[14] Haryana has 6 administrative divisions, 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils,
50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks, 154 cities and towns, 7,356 villages, and 6,222 villages
panchayats.[13][15]

Haryana contains 32 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly located within the industrial corridor projects
connecting the National Capital Region.[13][16] Gurgaon is considered one of the major information
technology and automobile hubs of India.[17][18] Haryana ranks 11th among Indian states in human
development index.[6] The economy of Haryana is the 13th largest in India, with a gross state domestic
product (GSDP) of ₹7.65 trillion (US$96 billion) and has the country's 5th-highest GSDP per capita of
₹240,000 (US$3,000).[5]

The state is rich in history, monuments, heritage, flora and fauna and tourism, with a well-developed economy,
national highways and state roads. It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, by Rajasthan
to the west and south, while river Yamuna forms its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh. Haryana surrounds the
country's capital territory of Delhi on three sides (north, west and south), consequently, a large area of
Haryana state is included in the economically important National Capital Region of India for the purposes of
planning and development.

Etymology
Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because in the post-
Mahabharata period, the Ābhiras live here,[19] who developed special skills in the art of agriculture.[20]
From top, left to right: Cyber City in Gurgaon,
According to Pran Nath Chopra, Haryana evolved as a word from Ābhirāyana (from ābhira and ayana "path,
Pinjore Gardens, bronze chariot of Krishna and
way") to Ahirāyana to Hariyānā (Haryana).[21] Arjuna at Kurukshetra, Asigarh Fort, Ghaggar river,
Lake in Surajkund.

History

Ancient period
The villages of Rakhigarhi in Hisar district and
Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are home to ancient
sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, which
contain evidence of paved roads, a drainage
system, a large-scale rainwater collection storage Emblem of Haryana
system, terracotta brick and statue production, and
Etymology: Abode of God or Green Forest
skilled metalworking (in both bronze and precious
Motto(s): Satyameva Jayate
metals).[22] (Truth alone triumphs)
A skeleton from Manuscript illustration of the Battle of
an Indus Valley Kurukshetra, which is a war described During the Vedic era, Haryana was the site of the
civilisation site in the Indian epic poem Mahābhārata.
Kuru Kingdom, one of India's great
near The conflict arose from a dynastic
Mahajanapadas. The south of Haryana is the
Rakhigarhi.[22] succession struggle between two
The skeleton is groups of cousins, the Kauravas and claimed location of Manu's state of
on display in the Pandavas, for the throne of Brahmavarta.[23] The area surrounding Dhosi Hill,
National Museum. Hastinapura in an Indian kingdom and districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh had
called Kuru. Ashrams of several Rishis who made valuable
contributions to important Hindu scriptures like
Vedas, Upanishads, Manusmriti, Brahmanas and
Puranas.[24] As per Manusmriti,[25] Manu was the king of Brahmavarta, the flood time state 10,000 years ago
surrounded by oldest route of Sarasvati and Drishadwati rivers on the banks of which Sanatan-Vedic or
present-day Hindu ethos evolved and scriptures were composed.

Medieval period
Ancient bronze and stone idols of Jain Tirthankara were found in archaeological expeditions in Badli,
Bhiwani (Ranila, Charkhi Dadri and Badhra), Dadri, Gurgaon (Gurugram ), Hansi, Hisar, Kasan, Nahad, Location of Haryana in India
Narnaul, Pehowa, Rewari, Rohad, Rohtak (Asthal Bohar) and Sonepat in Haryana.[26] Coordinates: 30°44′N 76°47′E

Country India
Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled parts of northern India in the 7th century with its capital at Thanesar. Harsha was a
Region North India
prominent king of the dynasty. Tomara dynasty ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. Anangpal
Tomar was a prominent king among the Tomaras.[27] Before was Part of Punjab
 After the sack of Bhatner fort during the Timurid conquests of India in 1398, Formation 1 November 1966
Timur attacked and sacked the cities of Sirsa, Fatehabad, Sunam, Kaithal Capital Chandigarh
and Panipat. When he reached the town of Sarsuti (Sirsa), the residents fled Largest city Faridabad
and were chased by a detachment of Timur's troops, with thousands of them Districts 22 (6 divisions)
being killed and looted by the troops. From there he travelled to Fatehabad, Government
whose residents fled and a large number of those remaining in the town were • Body Government of
massacred. The Ahirs resisted him at Ahruni but were defeated, with Haryana
Harsha Ka Tila mound west of thousands being killed and many being taken prisoners while the town was • Governor Bandaru Dattatreya
Sheikh Chilli's Tomb complex, burnt to ashes. From there he travelled to Tohana, whose Jat inhabitants • Chief minister Nayab Singh Saini[1]
with ruins from the reign of (BJP)
were robbers according to Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi. They tried to resist but
7th-century ruler Harsha.
were defeated and fled. Timur's army pursued and killed 200 Jats, while State Legislature Unicameral
taking many more as prisoners. He then sent a detachment to chase the • Assembly Haryana Legislative
fleeing Jats and killed 2,000 of them while their wives and children were enslaved and their property Assembly (90 seats)
plundered. Timur proceeded to Kaithal whose residents were massacred and plundered, destroying all villages National Parliament Parliament of India
along the way. On the next day, he came to Assandh, whose residents were "fire-worshippers" according to • Rajya Sabha 5 seats
• Lok Sabha 10 seats
Yazdi, and had fled to Delhi. Next, he travelled to and subdued Tughlaqpur fort and Salwan before reaching
High Court Punjab and Haryana
Panipat whose residents had already fled. He then marched on to Loni fort.[28][29] High Court

Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, claimed royal status and the Area[2]
throne of Delhi after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in • Total 44,212 km2
the Battle of Delhi, and assumed the ancient title of Vikramaditya. The area (17,070 sq mi)
that is now Haryana has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. • Rank 21st
Panipat is known for three seminal battles in the history of India. In the First Elevation 200 m (700 ft)
Battle of Panipat (1526), Babur defeated the Lodis. In the Second Battle of Highest elevation 1,499 m (4,918 ft)
Panipat (1556), Akbar defeated the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, (Karoh Peak)
Lowest elevation 169 m (554 ft)
who belonged to Rewari. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya had earlier won 22
battles across India from 1553 to 1556 from Punjab to Bengal, defeating the Population (2011)
Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and • Total 25,351,462
the Battle of Delhi in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of India with a • Rank 18th
formal coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the Third • Density 573/km2
(1,480/sq mi)
Portrait of Hem Chandra Battle of Panipat (1761), the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the
• Urban 34.88%
Vikramaditya, who fought Marathas.[31]
and won across North India • Rural 65.12%
from the Punjab to Bengal, Demonym Haryanvi
winning 22 straight British Period Language
battles.[30]
The state was part of the British Punjab province. The Delhi division of • Official Hindi[3]
Punjab province formed the bulk of Haryana. Among the princely states that • Additional official English and Punjabi[4]
were located in the state were Jind, Kalsia, Loharu, Dujana and Pataudi, as well as parts of the Patiala State. • Official script Devanagari script,
Gurmukhi script
GDP[5]
Partition and aftermath
• Total (2023–24) ₹12.25 trillion
During the Partition of India, the Punjab province was one of two British Indian provinces, alongside Bengal, (US$150 billion)
to be partitioned between India and Pakistan. Haryana, along with other Hindu and Sikh-dominated areas of • Rank 13th
Punjab province, became part of India as East Punjab state. As a result, a significant number of Muslims left • Per capita ₹403,980
(US$5,100) (6th)
for the newly formed country of Pakistan. Similarly, a huge number of Hindu and Sikh refugees poured into
the state from West Punjab. Gopi Chand Bhargava, who hailed from Sirsa in present-day Haryana, became Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)
the first Chief Minister of East Punjab. ISO 3166 code IN-HR
Vehicle registration HR

Formation of Haryana HDI (2019) 0.708 High[6]

(12th)
Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966). The Literacy (2011) 75.55% (22nd)
Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 Sex ratio (2021) 926♀/1000 ♂ [7]
to divide the existing state of Punjab and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after (29th)
consideration of the languages spoken by the people. It encompassed the predominantly Hindi-speaking Website haryana.gov.in (http
southern part of former Punjab, while the state of Punjab was reduced to the area where Punjabi speakers s://haryana.gov.in)
formed the majority population. The commission delivered its report on 31 May 1966 whereby the then- Symbols of Haryana
districts of Hisar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana.
Further, the tehsils of Jind and Narwana in the Sangrur district – along with Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhri
– were to be included.[32]

The commission recommended that the tehsil of Kharar, which includes Chandigarh, the state capital of
Punjab, should be a part of Haryana. However, Kharar was given to Punjab.[33] The city of Chandigarh was
made a union territory, serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana.[34] Emblem of Haryana

Bhagwat Dayal Sharma became the first Chief Minister of Haryana.[35] Foundation day Haryana Day
Bird Black francolin
Flower Lotus
Demographics Mammal Blackbuck
Tree Bodhi tree

Religion State highway mark

According to the 2011 census, of the total population of 25,351,462 in Haryana, Hindus (87.46%) constitute
the majority of the state's population with Muslims (7.03%) (mainly Meos) and Sikhs (4.91%) being the
largest minorities.[46]

Muslims are mainly found in the Nuh district. Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after
Punjab, and they mostly live in the districts adjoining Punjab, such as Sirsa, Jind, Fatehabad, Kaithal,
Kurukshetra, Ambala and Panchkula.[47][48] State highway of Haryana
HR SH1 – HR SH33
List of Indian state symbols
^† Joint Capital with Punjab
††
Common for Punjab, Haryana and
Chandigarh.

Map of British Punjab province;

Haryana formed the southeastern
areas of the province

Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1881 4,015,386 —
1901 4,268,222 +0.31%
1911 3,870,574 −0.97%
1921 4,211,393 +0.85%
1931 4,495,730 +0.66%
1941 5,166,169 +1.40%
1951 5,673,597 +0.94%
1961 7,590,524 +2.95%
1971 10,036,431 +2.83%
1981 12,922,119 +2.56%
1991 16,463,648 +2.45%
2001 21,144,564 +2.53%
2011 25,351,462 +1.83%
[a][b][c][d][e][f][45]
source:

Religion in Haryana, India (1881–2011)

[36][37][38][a] [39]: 34 [b] [40]: 27 [41]: 27 [c]
Religious 1881 1901 1911 1921[42]: 29 [d] 1931[43]: 277 [e] 1941[44]: 42 [f] 2011[4
group
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop.
[g] 2,863,454 71.31% 3,012,101 70.57% 2,644,264 68.32% 2,898,119 68.82% 2,980,206 66.29% 3,436,411 66.52% 22,171,128
Hinduism

Islam 1,009,526 25.14% 1,090,306 25.54% 1,019,439 26.34% 1,074,072 25.5% 1,204,537 26.79% 1,401,689 27.13% 1,781,342

Sikhism 118,468 2.95% 135,634 3.18% 175,837 4.54% 193,075 4.58% 271,077 6.03% 292,487 5.66% 1,243,752

Jainism 19,885 0.5% 23,906 0.56% 20,950 0.54% 24,005 0.57% 23,666 0.53% 23,050 0.45% 52,613

Christianity 4,045 0.1% 6,232 0.15% 10,019 0.26% 22,075 0.52% 16,228 0.36% 11,549 0.22% 50,353

Zoroastrianism
6 0.0001% 27 0.001% 53 0.001% 39 0.001% 8 0.0002% 62 0.001% —

Buddhism 0 0% 0 0% 4 0.0001% 5 0.0001% 6 0.0001% 149 0.003% 7,514

Judaism — — 5 0.0001% 8 0.0002% 2 0% 2 0% 7 0.0001% —

Others 2 0% 11 0.0003% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0% 765 0.01% 44,760

Total
4,015,386 100% 4,268,222 100% 3,870,574 100% 4,211,393 100% 4,495,730 100% 5,166,169 100% 25,351,462
Population

Languages
The official language of Haryana is Hindi.[50] Several regional languages or dialects, often subsumed under Hindi, are spoken in the state. Predominant among
them is Haryanvi (also known as Bangru), whose territory encompasses the central and eastern portions of Haryana. Hindi and Punjabi is spoken in the northeast,
Bagri in the west, Deshwali in the East and Ahirwati, Mewati and Braj Bhasha in the south.[12]

There are also significant numbers of speakers of Urdu and Punjabi, the latter of which was recognised as the second official language of Haryana for government
and administrative purposes in 2010.[50][4] After the state's formation, Telugu was made the state's "second language" – to be taught in schools – but it was not the
"second official language" for official communication. Due to a lack of students, the language ultimately stopped being taught.[51] Tamil was made the second
language in 1969 by Bansi Lal to show the state's differences with Punjab although there were no Tamil speakers in Haryana
at the time.[52] In 2010, due to the lack of Tamil speakers, the language was removed from its status.[52]

There are also some speakers of several major regional languages of neighbouring states or other parts of the subcontinent,
like Bengali, Bhojpuri, Marwari, Mewari, and Nepali,[53] as well as smaller communities of speakers of languages that are
dispersed across larger regions, like Bauria, Bazigar, Gujari, Gade Lohar, Oadki, and Sansi.[54]

Culture

Music
Religion in Haryana
Haryana has its own unique traditional folk music, folk dances, saang (folk theatre),[55] cinema,[56] belief system such as (2011)[46]
Jathera (ancestral worship),[57][58] and arts such as Phulkari and Shisha embroidery.[58]
Hinduism (87.46%)
Islam (7.03%)
Folk dances Sikhism (4.91%)
Folk music and dances of Haryana are based on satisfying the cultural needs of primarily agrarian and martial natures of Jainism (0.21%)
Haryanavi tribes.[59] Christianity (0.20%)
Buddhism (0.03%)
Haryanvi musical folk theatre's main types are Saang, Rasa lila and Ragini. The Saang and Ragini form of theatre was Others (0.18%)
popularised by Lakhmi Chand.[59]

Haryanvi folk dances and music have fast energetic movements. Three popular categories of dance are festive-seasonal,
devotional, and ceremonial-recreational. The festive-seasonal dances and songs are Gogaji/Gugga, Holi, Phaag, Sawan, Teej.
The devotional dances and songs are Chaupaiya, Holi, Manjira, Ras Leela, Raginis). The ceremonial-recreational dances and
songs are of following types: legendary bravery (Kissa and Ragini of male warriors and female Satis), love and romance
(Been and its variant Nāginī dance, and Ragini), ceremonial (Dhamal Dance, Ghoomar, Jhoomar (male), Khoria, Loor, and
Ragini).[57]

Folk music and songs

Haryanvi folk music is based on day-to-day themes and injecting earthly humour enlivens the feel of the songs.[57] Haryanvi
music takes two main forms: "Classical folk music" and "Desi Folk music" (Country Music of Haryana),[60] and sung in the
Languages of Haryana
form of ballads and love, valor and bravery, harvest, happiness and pangs of the parting of lovers.[59][60][61]
(2011)[49]

Classical Haryanvi folk music Hindi (47.96%)

Haryanvi (37.17%)
Classical Haryanvi folk music is based on Indian classical music.[60]Hindustani classical ragas, learnt in gharana parampara
Punjabi (7.36%)
of guru–shishya tradition, are used to sing songs of heroic bravery (such as Alha-Khand (1163–1202 CE) about the bravery of
Bagri (2.11%)
Alha and Udal, Jaimal and Patta of Maharana Udai Singh II), Brahmas worship and festive seasonal songs (such as Teej, Holi
Mewati (1.66%)
and Phaag songs of Phalgun month near Holi).[60][61] Bravery songs are sung in high pitch.[59]
Urdu (1.48%)
Baghati (1.28%)
Desi Haryanvi folk music
Desi Haryanvi folk music, is a form of Haryanvi music, based on Raag Bhairvi, Raag Bhairav, Raag Kafi, Raag Jaijaivanti,
Raag Jhinjhoti and Raag Pahadi and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, ballads, ceremonial songs (wedding, etc.) and related
religious legendary tales such as Puran Bhagat.[60][61] Relationship and songs celebrating love and life are sung in medium pitch. Ceremonial and religious songs
are sung in low pitch.[59] Young girls and women usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship-related songs such as Phagan (song
for eponymous season/month), Katak (songs for the eponymous season/month), Samman (songs for the eponymous season/month), bande-bandi (male-female duet
songs), sathne (songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among female friends).[59] Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious songs) and ceremonial
songs such as Bhajan, Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of bride or groom by her brother), Sagai, Ban (Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding festivities starts),
Kuan-Poojan (a custom that is performed to welcome the birth of a child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water), Sanjhi and Holi festival.[59]

Socially normative-cohesive impact

Music and dance for Haryanvi people is a way of lessening societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events,
ceremonies and special occasions regardless of their caste or status. These inter-caste songs are fluid in nature, and never personalised for any specific caste, and
they are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, and dialects. These songs transform fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style can be
seen in the adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs. Despite this continuous fluid transforming nature, Haryanvi songs have a distinct
style of their own as explained above.[59]

With the coming up of a strongly socio-economic metropolitan culture in the emergence of urban Gurgaon Haryana is also witnessing community participation in
public arts and city beautification. Several landmarks across Gurgaon are decorated with public murals and graffiti with cultural cohesive ideologies and stand the
testimony of a lived sentiment in Haryana folk.[62]

Cuisine
As per a survey, 13% of males and 7.8% of females of Haryana are non-vegetarian.[63] The cuisine of Haryana, rooted in its predominantly agricultural society, has
maintained a simple and uncomplicated essence.[64] The regional cuisine features the staples of roti, saag, vegetarian sabzi and milk products such as ghee, milk,
lassi and kheer.[65] Haryana is often referred to as the 'Land of Rotis' due to its residents' fondness for various types of rotis. Wheat rotis are ubiquitous, along with
the popular baajre ki roti. In the past, rotis were commonly made from a blend of wheat, gram, and barley flour, offering a nutritious and wholesome combination.
Another notable variety is the gochini atta, crafted from wheat and gram flour.[66] Haryana is renowned for its abundant livestock, including the famed Murrah
buffalo and the Haryana cow. This cattle wealth ensures a plentiful supply of milk and dairy products in Haryanvi cuisine. Many households produce their own
butter and ghee, which are generously incorporated into daily meals. Fresh homemade butter, known as "nooni" or "tindi ghee," is commonly churned on a daily
basis. When a girl becomes a mother, it's customary for her family to present her with gifts of ghee, edible gum (gondh), laddus (sweetmeats made from gram
flour), and dry fruits. Buttermilk, known as "chaaj," is a popular beverage and serves as an instant refresher during the summer months. Lassi, made from yogurt, is
another beloved drink that can almost constitute a meal in itself. The Haryanvi fondness for lassi is evident in the fact that "thandai," a sweet milk-based drink, is
referred to as "kachi lassi" in Haryana.[64]

Society
Haryanvi people have a concept of inclusive society involving the "36 Jātis" or communities. Castes such as Jat, Rajput, Gurjar, Saini, Pasi, Ahirs, Ror, Meo,
Charan, Bishnoi, Harijan, Aggarwal, Brahmin, Khatri and Tyagi are some of the notable of these 36 Jātis.[67][68]

Geography
Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E
longitude.[69] The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the
country.[70] The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level.[71]
Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests.[13] Karoh Peak, a 1,467-metre (4,813 ft) tall
mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near Morni Hills area of Panchkula district,
is the highest point in Haryana.[72][73][74][75] Most of the state sits atop the fertile Ghaggar Plain, a subsection of the Indo-
Gangetic Plain. Haryana has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal
Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh.
A mustard field in Haryana, near the
state capital of Chandigarh
Plains and mountains
Haryana has four main geographical features.[76]

The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state is also called Delhi doab consists of Sutlej-Ghaggar doab (between Sutlej in
the north of Punjab and the Ghaggar river flowing through northern Haryana), Ghaggar-Hakra doab (between Ghaggar river and Hakra or
Drishadvati river which is the paleochannel of the holy Saraswati River) and Hakra-Yamuna doab (between Hakra river and Yamuna).
The Lower Shivalik Hills to the northeast in foothills of Himalaya
The Bagar region semi-desert dry sandy plain in north west of Haryana, covering northwest districts of Sirsa, western Fatehabad and
northwestern Hisar.
The Aravali Range's northernmost low rise isolated non-continuous outcrops in the south, covering the Nuh district.

Hydrography
The Yamuna, a tributary of the Ganges, flows along the state's eastern boundary.[77]

Northern Haryana has several northeast to west flowing rivers originating from the Sivalik Hills of Himalayas, such as
Ghaggar (palaeochannel of vedic Sarasvati river),[78] Chautang (paleochannel of vedic Drishadvati river, tributary of the
Ghagghar),[79][80] Tangri river (tributary of the Ghagghar),[79][80] Kaushalya river (tributary of the Ghagghar),[81]
Markanda River (tributary of Ghagghar),[79][80] Sarsuti,[79][80] Dangri,[79][80] Somb river.[82] Haryana's main seasonal
river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage,[78] rises
in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Satluj and enters the state near Pinjore in the Panchkula district, passes
Yamuna river near the Haryana
through Ambala and Sirsa, it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs for 460 km (290 mi) before disappearing into the Border
deserts of Rajasthan. [83] The seasonal Markanda River, known as the Aruna in ancient times, originates from the lower
Shivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of Ambala, and swells into a raging torrent during monsoon is notorious for its
devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar.[83]

Southern Haryana has several south-west to east flowing seasonal rivulets originating from the Aravalli Range in and around the hills in Mewat region, including
Sahibi River[84][85][86][87] (called Najafgarh drain in Delhi),[88][89][90][91][92] Dohan river (tributary of Sahibi, originates at Mandoli village near Neem Ka Thana
in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan and then disappears in Mahendragarh district),[85][87] Krishnavati river (former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Dariba
and disappears in Mahendragarh district much before reaching Sahibi river)[85][87] and Indori river (longest tributary of Sahibi River, originates in Sikar district of
Rajasthan and flows to Rewari district of Haryana), these once were tributaries of the Drishadwati/Saraswati river.[93][94][95]

Major canals are Western Yamuna Canal,[96][97][98] Sutlej Yamuna link canal (from Sutlej river tributary of Indus),[97][98]
and Indira Gandhi Canal.[99]

Major dams are Kaushalya Dam in Panchkula district,[100] Hathnikund Barrage[96][101] and Tajewala Barrage on Yamuna
in Yamunanagar district,[96][101][102] Pathrala barrage on Somb river in Yamunanagar district,[96][102] ancient Anagpur
Dam near Surajkund in Faridabad district,[103][104] and Ottu barrage on Ghaggar-Hakra River in Sirsa
district.[105][106][107]

Major lakes are Dighal Wetland, Basai Wetland, Badkhal Lake in Faridabad,[108][109] holy Brahma Sarovar[110][111] and
Sannihit Sarovar in Kurukshetra,[112] Blue Bird Lake in Hisar,[113][114] Damdama Lake at Sohna,[115][116] Hathni Kund Kaushalya Dam

in Yamunanagar district,[96][101] Karna Lake at Karnal,[117] ancient Surajkund in Faridabad,[103][118][119] and Tilyar Lake
in Rohtak.[120][121][122]

The Haryana State Waterbody Management Board is responsible for the rejuvenation of 14,000 johads of Haryana and up to 60 lakes in National Capital Region
falling within the Haryana state.[123][124]
The only hot spring in Haryana is the Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring at Sohna in Gurgaon district.[125][126] Tosham Hill range has several sacred sulphur ponds of
religious significance that are revered for the healing impact of sulphur, such as Pandu Teerth Kund, Surya Kund, Kukkar Kund, Gyarasia Kund or Vyas
Kund.[127]

Seasonal waterfalls include Tikkar Taal twin lakes at Morni hiills, Dhosi Hill in Mahendragarh district and Pali village on the outskirts of Faridabad.

Climate
Haryana is hot in summer at around 45 °C (113 °F) and mild in winter. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and January.[93] The
climate is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 592.93 mm.[128] Around 29% of rainfall is received during the months from July to September as a result of
the monsoon, and the remaining rainfall is received during the period from December to February as a result of the western disturbance.[70]

Climate data for Gurgaon (1991–2020, extremes 1965–2000)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

28.0 33.5 39.5 44.8 49.0 47.5 45.0 41.0 41.2 39.3 38.4 32.5 49.0
Record high °C (°F)
(82.4) (92.3) (103.1) (112.6) (120.2) (117.5) (113.0) (105.8) (106.2) (102.7) (101.1) (90.5) (120.2)

20.1 23.8 29.9 36.9 40.9 39.3 35.9 33.9 33.4 32.0 27.8 22.5 31.2
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
(68.2) (74.8) (85.8) (98.4) (105.6) (102.7) (96.6) (93.0) (92.1) (89.6) (82.0) (72.5) (88.2)

6.9 9.5 14.0 19.6 24.6 26.7 26.7 25.8 24.4 18.0 12.0 7.5 17.7
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
(44.4) (49.1) (57.2) (67.3) (76.3) (80.1) (80.1) (78.4) (75.9) (64.4) (53.6) (45.5) (63.9)

0.0 0.7 3.7 9.2 14.8 12.0 21.0 15.5 13.9 9.3 2.6 −0.4 −0.4
Record low °C (°F)
(32.0) (33.3) (38.7) (48.6) (58.6) (53.6) (69.8) (59.9) (57.0) (48.7) (36.7) (31.3) (31.3)

13.5 16.9 3.4 8.2 22.7 79.2 135.5 211.4 120.2 15.9 10.7 11.0 648.6
Average rainfall mm (inches)
(0.53) (0.67) (0.13) (0.32) (0.89) (3.12) (5.33) (8.32) (4.73) (0.63) (0.42) (0.43) (25.54)

Average rainy days 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.7 4.3 7.6 8.5 5.5 1.3 1.0 0.8 34.2

Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 54 45 37 28 31 40 63 69 59 45 47 55 48

Source: India Meteorological Department [129][130]

Climate data for Karnal (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2012)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

31.2 33.2 37.5 45.2 46.0 45.6 43.9 42.0 38.3 39.3 34.4 28.5 46.0
Record high °C (°F)
(88.2) (91.8) (99.5) (113.4) (114.8) (114.1) (111.0) (107.6) (100.9) (102.7) (93.9) (83.3) (114.8)

18.2 22.2 27.7 35.5 38.6 37.6 33.8 32.6 32.3 31.8 27.3 21.5 30.0
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
(64.8) (72.0) (81.9) (95.9) (101.5) (99.7) (92.8) (90.7) (90.1) (89.2) (81.1) (70.7) (86.0)

6.4 8.9 12.9 18.3 23.1 25.4 26.0 25.3 23.2 17.3 11.5 7.4 17.2
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
(43.5) (48.0) (55.2) (64.9) (73.6) (77.7) (78.8) (77.5) (73.8) (63.1) (52.7) (45.3) (63.0)

−0.3 0.6 3.5 9.0 14.5 18.0 16.0 18.4 16.0 9.4 3.0 −0.4 −0.4
Record low °C (°F)
(31.5) (33.1) (38.3) (48.2) (58.1) (64.4) (60.8) (65.1) (60.8) (48.9) (37.4) (31.3) (31.3)

32.5 28.9 21.1 13.3 27.6 98.4 172.8 160.4 128.4 4.3 2.0 6.0 695.4
Average rainfall mm (inches)
(1.28) (1.14) (0.83) (0.52) (1.09) (3.87) (6.80) (6.31) (5.06) (0.17) (0.08) (0.24) (27.38)

Average rainy days 1.7 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.7 5.1 7.8 8.0 5.0 0.3 0.2 0.6 35.4

Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 64 58 51 31 33 44 67 73 68 54 53 60 55

Source: India Meteorological Department [129]

[130]

Flora and fauna

State symbols of Haryana

Forests 1 November (Day of
Formation
Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586 km2 ) and the Tree Cover in the state was 2.90% (1282 km2 ), separation from
day
giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%.[132] In 2016–17, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by Punjab)
planting 14.1 million seedlings.[13] Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state. State
Black buck[131]
mammal
During the monsoon, a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry, eucalyptus, pine, kikar, shisham and babul are some
State bird Black francolin
of the trees found here. The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck, nilgai, panther, fox,
mongoose, jackal and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here.[133][134][135]
State tree Peepal[131]
State flower Lotus[131]

Wildlife
Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife conservation areas, four animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three zoos, all
of which are managed by the Haryana Forest Department of the Government of Haryana.[136][137] Sultanpur National Park is a notable Park located in Gurgaon
District

Environmental and ecological issues

Haryana Environment Protection Council is the advisory committee and the Department of Environment, Haryana is the department responsible for the
administration of the environment. Areas of Haryana surrounding Delhi NCR are the most polluted. During the smog of November 2017, the air quality index of
Gurgaon and Faridabad showed that the density of fine particulates (2.5 μm diameter) was an average a score of 400 and the monthly average of Haryana was 60.
Other sources of pollution are exhaust gases from old vehicles, stone crushers and brick kilns. Haryana has 7.5 million
vehicles, of which 40% are old, more polluting vehicles, and 500,000 new vehicles are added every year. Other majorly
polluted cities are Bhiwani, Bahadurgarh, Dharuhera, Hisar and Yamunanagar.[138]

Administration

Divisions
Watercock
The state is divided into 6 revenue divisions, 5 Police Ranges and 4 Police Commissionerates (c. January
2017).[139][140][141][142] Six revenue divisions are: Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Hisar, Karnal and Faridabad.[139] Haryana
has 11 municipal corporations (Gurgaon, Faridabad, Ambala, Panchkula, Yamunanagar, Rohtak, Hisar, Panipat, Karnal,
Sonipat, and Manesar[143]), 18 municipal councils and 52 municipalities.[144]

Within these, there are 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 blocks, 154 cities and towns, 6,848
villages, 6,226 villages panchayats and numerous smaller dhanis.[15]

Districts

Divisions Districts

Ambala Ambala, Kurukshetra, Panchkula, Yamuna Nagar

Faridabad Faridabad, Palwal, Nuh

Gurgaon Gurgaon, Mahendragarh, Rewari,

Ten Lok Sabha constituencies in
Hisar Fatehabad, Jind, Hisar, Sirsa, Haryana
Rohtak Jhajjar, Charkhi Dadri, Rohtak, Sonipat, Bhiwani[76]

Karnal Karnal, Panipat, Kaithal

Law and order

The Haryana Police force is the law enforcement agency of Haryana. Five Police Ranges are Ambala, Hissar, Karnal, Rewari and Rohtak.[145] Four Police
Commissionerates are Faridabad, Gurgaon, Panchkula and Sonipat.[139] Cybercrime investigation cell is based in Gurgaon's Sector 51.[146]

The highest judicial authority in the state is the Punjab and Haryana High Court, with the next higher right of appeal being to the Supreme Court of India. Haryana
uses an e-filing facility.[147]

Governance and e-governance

The Common Service Centres (CSCs) have been upgraded in all districts to offer hundreds of e-services to citizens, including applications for new water and
sanitation connections, electricity bill collection, ration card member registration, the result of HBSE, admit cards for board examinations, online admission forms
for government colleges, long route booking of buses, admission forms for Kurukshetra University and HUDA plots status inquiry.[148] Haryana has become the
first state to implement Aadhaar-enabled birth registration in all the districts.[148] Thousands of all traditional offline state and central government services are also
available 24/7 online through single unified UMANG app and portal as part of Digital India initiative.[149][150]

Economy
Haryana's 14th placed 12.96% 2012-17 CAGR[16] estimated a 2017-18 GSDP of US$95 billion[13] split into 52%
services, 30% industries and 18% agriculture.[13]

The services sector is split across 45% in real estate and financial and professional services, 26% trade and hospitality, 15%
state and central government employees, and 14% transport and logistics & warehousing.[13] In IT services, Gurgaon ranks
first in India in growth rate and existing technology infrastructure, and second in startup ecosystem, innovation and
livability (Nov 2016).[151]

The industrial sector is split across 69% manufacturing, 28% construction, 2% utilities and 1% mining.[13] In industrial
manufacturing, Haryana produces 67% of passenger cars, 60% of motorcycles, 50% of tractors and 50% of the refrigerators A Shopping Mall in Gurgaon
in India.[13]

The service and industrial sectors are boosted by 7 operational SEZs and an additional 23 formally approved SEZs (20 already notified and 3 approved in-
principle) that are mostly spread along the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor, Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor and Western Peripheral Expressway.[13]

The agricultural sector is split across 93% crops and livestock, 4% commercial forestry and logging, and 2% fisheries.[13] Although Haryana has less than 1.4% of
the total area of India, it contributes 15% of food grains to the central food security public distribution system,[13] and makes up 7% of total national agricultural
exports, including 60% of total national basmati rice exports.[13]

Agriculture

Crops
Haryana is traditionally an agrarian society of zamindars (owner-cultivator farmers). About 70% of Haryana's residents are
engaged in agriculture.[152] The Green Revolution in Haryana of the 1960s[153] combined with the completion of Bhakra
Dam in 1963[154] and Western Yamuna Command Network canal system in 1970s resulted in the significantly increased
food grain production.[153] This movement lead to large-scale investments towards improving irrigation systems, enhancing
the quality of fertilizers, and investing in superior seeds.[155] As a result, Haryana is self sufficient in food production and
the second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains[156] In 2015–2016, Haryana produced the following
principal crops: 13,352,000 tonnes of wheat, 4,145,000 tonnes of rice, 7,169,000 tonnes of sugarcane, 993,000 tonnes of
cotton and 855,000 tonnes of oilseeds (mustard seed, sunflower, etc.). In the northeastern area, dairy cattle, buffaloes, and
bullocks play a prominent role, being utilised both for agricultural plowing and as draft animals.[157] Green farms in Haryana

Fruits, vegetables and spices

Vegetable production was: potato 853,806 tonnes, onion 705,795 tonnes, tomato 675,384 tonnes, cauliflower 578,953 tonnes, leafy vegetables 370,646 tonnes,
brinjal 331,169 tonnes, guard 307,793 tonnes, peas 111,081 tonnes and others 269,993 tonnes.[13]

Fruits production was: citrus 301,764 tonnes, guava 152,184 tonnes, mango 89,965 tonnes, chikoo 16,022 tonnes, aonla 12,056 tonnes and other fruits 25,848
tonnes.[13]

Spices production was: garlic 40,497 tonnes, fenugreek 9,348 tonnes, ginger 4,304 tonnes and others 840 tonnes.[13]

Flowers and medicinal plants

Cut flowers production was: marigold 61,830 tonnes, gladiolus 2,448,620 million, rose 1,861,160 million and other 691,300 million.[13]

Medicinal plants production was: aloe vera 1403 tonnes and stevia 13 tonnes.[13]

Livestock
Haryana is well known for its high-yield Murrah buffalo.[158][159][160][161] Other breeds of cattle native to Haryana are Haryanvi, Mewati, Sahiwal and Nili-
Ravi.[162]

Research
To support its agrarian economy, both the central government (Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Central Sheep Breeding Farm, National Research
Centre on Equines, Central Institute of Fisheries, National Dairy Research Institute, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley
Research and National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources) and the state government (CCS HAU, LUVAS, Government Livestock Farm, Regional Fodder
Station and Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute) have opened several institutes for research and education.[163][164][165]

Industrial sector

Manufacturing

Faridabad is one of the biggest industrial cities of Haryana as well as North India.[166] The city is home to
large-scale MNC companies like India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd., Havells India Limited,[167] JCB India
Limited, Escorts Group, Indian Oil (R&D),[168] and Larsen & Toubro (L&T).[169] Eyewear e-tailer Lenskart
and healthcare startup Lybrate have their headquarters in Faridabad.[170][171]
Hissar, an NCR Counter Magnet city known as a steel and cotton spinning hub as well as an upcoming
integrated industrial aerocity and aero MRO hub at Hisar Airport,[172][173][174] is a fast-developing city and
the hometown of Navin Jindal and Subhash Chandra of Zee TV fame. Savitri Jindal, Navin Jindal's mother, Larsen & Toubro Office at Faridabad.
has been listed by Forbes as the third richest woman in the world.[175]
Panipat has heavy industry, including a refinery operated by the Indian Oil Corporation, a urea
manufacturing plant operated by National Fertilizers Limited and a National Thermal Power Corporation
power plant. It is known for its woven modhas or round stools.[176]
Sonipat: IMT Kundli, Nathupur, Rai and Barhi are industrial areas with several small and medium-sized
enterprises, and also large ones such as Atlas cycles, E.C.E., Birla factory, and OSRAM[177][178][179]
Gurgaon: IMT Manesar, Dundahera and Sohna are industrial and logistics hubs,[180][181][182] and also has
the National Security Guards, the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs, the National Brain Research Centre
and the National Bomb Data Centre.[183]

Utilities
Haryana State has always given high priority to the expansion of electricity infrastructure, as it is one of the most important
drivers of development for the state. Haryana was the first state in the country to achieve 100% rural electrification in 1970 The headquarters of DLF Limited,
as well as the first in the country to link all villages with all-weather roads and provide safe drinking water facilities India's largest real estate company,
throughout the state.[184] in Gurgaon, Haryana.

Sources of power in the state include:

Renewable and non-polluting sources

Hydroelectricity
Bhakra-Nangal Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant
WYC Hydro Electric Station, 62.4 MW, Yamunanagar[185]
 Solar power stations
Faridabad Solar Power Plant: being set up by HPGCL Faridabad (c.2016).[186]
Nuclear power stations

Gorakhpur Nuclear Power Plant, 2800MW, Fatehabad, Phase-I 1400MW by 2021[187][188]

Coal-fired thermal power stations
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station, 600MW, Yamunanagar[185]
Indira Gandhi Super Thermal Power Project, 1500MW, Jhajjar[185]
Jhajjar Power Station, 1500MW[185]
Panipat Thermal Power Station I, 440MW[185]
Panipat Thermal Power Station II, 920MW[185]
Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Station, 1200MW, Hisar[185]

Services sector

Transport

Aviation

Roads and highways

Haryana has a total road length of 26,062 kilometres (16,194 mi), including 2,482 kilometres (1,542 mi) comprising 29
national highways, 1,801 kilometres (1,119 mi) of state highways,[189] 1,395 kilometres (867 mi) of Major District Roads
(MDR) and 20,344 kilometres (12,641 mi) of Other District Roads (ODR) (c. December 2017).[190] A fleet of 3,864
Haryana Roadways buses covers a distance of 1.15 million km per day, and it was the first state in the country to introduce
luxury video coaches.[191]

Ancient Delhi Multan Road and Grand Trunk Road, South Asia's oldest and longest major roads, pass through Haryana.
GT Road passes through the districts of Sonipat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala in north Haryana where it
enters Delhi and subsequently the industrial town of Faridabad on its way. The 135.6 kilometres (84.3 mi) Kundli- Admin map of Haryana with RTO
Manesar-Palwal Expressway (KMP) will provide a high-speed link to northern Haryana with its southern districts such as codes
Sonipat, Gurgaon, and Faridabad.[192]

The Delhi-Agra Expressway (NH-2) that passes through Faridabad is being widened to six lanes from the current four lanes.[193] It will further boost Faridabad's
connectivity with Delhi.

Railway
The rail network in Haryana is covered by five rail divisions under three rail zones. Diamond Quadrilateral High-speed rail network,[194] Eastern Dedicated
Freight Corridor (72 km)[195] and Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (177 km)[196] pass through Haryana.

Bikaner railway division of the North Western Railway zone manages the rail network in western and southern Haryana covering Bhatinda-Dabwali-
Hanumangarh line, Rewari-Bhiwani-Hisar-Bathinda line, Hisar-Sadulpur line and Rewari-Loharu-Sadulpur line.[197][198] Jaipur railway division of North Western
Railway zone manages the rail network in south-west Haryana covering Rewari-Reengas-Jaipur line, Delhi-Alwar-Jaipur line and Loharu-Sikar line.[199]

The Delhi railway division of the Northern Railway zone manages the rail network in north and east-central Haryana, covering Delhi-Panipat-Ambala line, Delhi-
Rohtak-Tohana line, Rewari–Rohtak line, Jind-Sonepat line and Delhi-Rewari line.[200][201][202][203][204] Agra railway division of North Central Railway zone
manages another very small part of the network in southeast Haryana covering only the Palwal-Mathura line.[205][206]

Ambala railway division of Northern Railway zone manages a small part of the rail network in north-east Haryana covering Ambala-Yamunanagar line, Ambala-
Kurukshetra line and UNESCO World Heritage Kalka–Shimla Railway.[207]

Metro
Delhi Metro connects the national capital Delhi with the NCR cities of Faridabad, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh. Faridabad has the longest metro network in the NCR
Region consisting of 11 stations and a track length of 17 km.[208]

Sky Way
The Haryana and Delhi governments have constructed the 4.5-kilometre (2.8 mi) international standard Delhi Faridabad
Skyway, the first of its kind in North India, to connect Delhi and Faridabad.[209]

Communication and media

Haryana has a statewide network of telecommunication facilities. Haryana Government has its own statewide area network
by which all government offices of 22 districts and 126 blocks across the state are connected with each other, thus making
Delhi Faridabad Skyway
it the first SWAN of the country.[210][211][212] Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited and most of the leading private sector
players (such as Reliance Infocom, Tata Teleservices, Bharti Telecom, Idea Vodafone Essar, Aircel, Uninor and Videocon)
have operations in the state. The two biggest cities of Haryana, Faridabad and Gurgaon, which are part of the National Capital Region, come under the local Delhi
Mobile Telecommunication System. The rest of the cities of Haryana come under Haryana Telecommunication System.
Electronic media channels include MTV, 9XM, Star Group, SET Max, News Time, NDTV 24x7 and Zee Group. The radio stations include All India Radio and
other FM stations.

Panipat, Hisar, Ambala and Rohtak are the cities in which the leading newspapers of Haryana are printed and circulated throughout Haryana, in which Dainik
Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Punjab Kesari, The Tribune, Aaj Samaj, Hari Bhoomi[213] and Amar Ujala are prominent.

Healthcare
The total fertility rate of Haryana is 2.3. The infant mortality rate is 41 (SRS 2012) and the maternal mortality ratio is 146
(SRS 2010–2012).[214] The state of Haryana has various Medical Colleges including Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post
Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College in District Sonipat, ESIC Medical
College, Faridabad along with notable private medical institutes like Medanta, Max Hospital, Fortis Healthcare

Education
ESIC Medical College, Faridabad

Literacy
The literacy rate in Haryana has seen an upward trend and is 76.64 per cent as per the 2011 population census. Male literacy stands at 85.38%, while female
literacy is at 66.67%. In 2001, the literacy rate in Haryana stood at 67.91%, of which males and females were 78.49% and 55.73% literate respectively.[215] As of
2013, Gurgaon city had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 86.30% followed by Panchkula at 81.9% and Ambala at 81.7%.[216] In terms of districts, as of 2012,
Rewari had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy was 79% and female literacy was 67%.[217] In
2011, Haryana's urban literacy rate stood at 84.98%, marking a notable rise from 79.92% in 2001. Similarly, the rural literacy rate in the state experienced an
improvement, reaching 68.91% in 2011 compared to 58.74% in 2001.[218]

Schools
Haryana Board of School Education, established in September 1969 and shifted to Bhiwani in 1981, conducts public examinations at middle, matriculation, and
senior secondary levels twice a year. Over 700,000 candidates attend annual examinations in February and March; 150,000 attend supplementary examinations
each November. The Board also conducts examinations for Haryana Open School at senior and senior secondary levels twice a year.[219] The Haryana
government provides free education to women up to the bachelor's degree level.

In 2015–2016, there were nearly 20,000 schools, including 10,100 state government schools (36 Aarohi Schools, 11 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas, 21
Model Sanskriti Schools, 8,744 government primary school, 3386 government middle school, 1,284 government high school and 1,967 government senior
secondary schools),[220] 7,635 private schools (200 aided,[221] 6,612 recognised unaided,[222] and 821 unrecognised unaided private schools[223]) and several
hundred other central government and private schools such as Kendriya Vidyalaya, Indian Army Public Schools, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya and DAV schools
affiliated to central government's CBSE and ICSE school boards.

Universities and higher education

Haryana has 48 universities and 1,038 colleges,[224] including 115 government colleges, 88 government-aided colleges and
96 self-finance colleges.[225] Hisar has three universities: Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University –
Asia's largest agricultural university,[226] Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai
University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences); several national agricultural and veterinary research centres (National
Research Centre on Equines),[227] Central Sheep Breeding Farm,[228] National Institute on Pig Breeding and
Research,[229] Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute[230] and Central Institute for Research on
Buffaloes (CIRB);[231] and more than 20 colleges including Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha.[232]
MRIU
Demographically, Haryana has 471,000 women and 457,000 men pursuing post-secondary school higher education. There
are more than 18,616 female teachers and 17,061 male teachers in higher education.[224]
Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad announced on 27 February 2016 that the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) would be
set up in Kurukshetra to provide computer training to youth and a Software Technology Park of India (STPI) would be set up in Panchkula's existing HSIIDC IT
Park in Sector 23.[233] Hindi and English are compulsory languages in schools whereas Punjabi, Sanskrit and Urdu are chosen as optional languages.[234]

Sports

Cricketer Kapil Dev

Boxer Vijender Singh

Badminton player Saina Nehwal

Wrestler Bajrang Punia

In the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, 22 out of 38 gold medals that India won came from Haryana.[235] During the 33rd National Games held in Assam in
2007, Haryana stood first in the nation[236] with a medal tally of 80, including 30 gold, 22 silver and 28 bronze medals.

The 1983 World Cup winning captain Kapil Dev made his domestic-cricket debut playing for Haryana. Nahar Singh Stadium was built in Faridabad in the year
1981 for international cricket. This ground has the capacity to hold around 25,000 people as spectators.[237] Tejli Sports Complex is an ultra-modern sports
complex in Yamuna Nagar. Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Gurgaon is a multi-sport complex.[238]

Chief Minister of Haryana, Manohar Lal Khattar announced the "Haryana Sports and Physical Fitness Policy", a policy to support 26 Olympic sports, on 12
January 2015 with the words "We will develop Haryana as the sports hub of the country."[239][240]

Haryana is home to Haryana Gold, one of India's eight professional basketball teams that compete in the country's UBA Pro Basketball League.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Sakshi Malik won the bronze medal in the 58 kg category, becoming the first Indian female wrestler to win a medal at the
Olympics and the fourth female Olympic medalist from the country.

Notable badminton player Saina Nehwal is from Hisar in Haryana.[241]

Notable athlete Neeraj Chopra, who competes in Javelin Throw and won the first track and field gold medal in 2020 Tokyo Olympics for India, was born and
raised in Panipat, Haryana. Wrestling is also very prominent in Haryana, as 2 medals won in wrestling at 2020 Tokyo Olympics were from Haryana.

Notable athlete Ravi Dahiya, who was born in Nahri village of Sonipat District, won silver medal in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics for India.

Ravi Kumar is an Indian freestyle wrestler who won a silver medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the 57 kg category. Dahiya is also a bronze medalist from 2019
World Wrestling Championships and a two-time Asian champion.

Notable people
See List of people from Haryana

See also
List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana
List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana
Outline of Haryana
Politics of Haryana
Tourism in Haryana
Haryanvi cinema
List of earthquakes in Haryana

Notes
a. 1881 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Gurgaon, Karnal, Hissar, Rohtak, Sirsa, and Ambala), and
princely states (Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Haryana, India.
See 1881 census data here:[36][37][38]
b. 1901 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and
princely states (Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Haryana, India.
See 1901 census data here:[39]: 34
c. 1911 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and
princely states (Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Haryana, India.
See 1911 census data here:[40]: 27 [41]: 27
 d. 1921 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and
princely states (Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Haryana, India.
See 1921 census data here:[42]: 29
e. 1931 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and
princely states (Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Haryana, India.
See 1931 census data here:[43]: 277
f. 1941 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and
princely states (Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Haryana, India.
See 1941 census data here:[44]: 42
g. 1931-1941 census: Including Ad-Dharmis

References
1. "Haryana CM News Live Updates: BJP leader Nayab Saini stakes 11. Jain, Shikha (24 December 2018). "Establishing the continuity of
claim to form government, oath at 5pm" (https://www.hindustantime our local langauges within the region" (https://www.pressreader.co
s.com/india-news/haryana-cm-news-live-manohar-lal-khattar-chief- m/india/hindustan-times-gurugram/20181224/281629601383742).
minister-bjp-dushyant-chautala-jjp-alliance-latest-updates-today-12- Hindustan Times (Gurugram). Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
march-101710223463760.html). Hindustan Times. 12 March 2024. b/20231107182857/https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-ti
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240312064259/https://ww mes-gurugram/20181224/281629601383742) from the original on 7
w.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-cm-news-live-manohar-l November 2023 – via PressReader.
al-khattar-chief-minister-bjp-dushyant-chautala-jjp-alliance-latest-up 12. Sharada, Sadhu Ram, ed. (c. 1979). Hariyāṇā kī upabhāṣāeṃ (in
dates-today-12-march-101710223463760.html) from the original on Hindi). Chandigarh: Bhasha Vibhag.
12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
13. "Haryana State Budget 2017-18" (https://web.archive.org/web/2017
2. "Haryana at a Glance" (https://web.archive.org/web/201603141941 0822065346/http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf) (PDF).
09/http://www.haryana.gov.in/knowharyana/haryanaglance.html). Haryana Finance Dept. Archived from the original (http://web1.hry.ni
Government of Haryana. Archived from the original (https://www.har c.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf) (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved
yana.gov.in/knowharyana/haryanaglance.html) on 14 March 2016. 7 October 2017.
Retrieved 1 March 2016.
14. "This is NCR's new foodie magnet; have you been yet?" (http://india
3. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report today.intoday.in/story/ncr-food-hub-dlf-phase-v-one-horizon-centre-
(July 2014 to June 2015)" (https://web.archive.org/web/2016111513 whisky-samba-lifefd/1/913271.html). India Today. 26 March 2017.
3948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170422134055/http://indiat
(PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority oday.intoday.in/story/ncr-food-hub-dlf-phase-v-one-horizon-centre-w
Affairs, Government of India. pp. 85–86. Archived from the original hisky-samba-lifefd/1/913271.html) from the original on 22 April
(http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf) 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
(PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016. 15. NIDM, p. 4.
4. "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi" (https://www.hi
16. Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Haryana (https://ww
ndustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-
w.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation) Archived (https://web.archiv
punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html). Hindustan
e.org/web/20181006154831/https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-pre
Times. Indo-Asian News Service. 28 January 2010. Archived (http
sentation) 6 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, India Brand
s://web.archive.org/web/20181105012411/https://www.hindustantim
Equity Foundation, Nov 2017.
es.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/sto
ry-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html) from the original on 5 17. "Gurugram among top 5 IT hubs in Asia Pacific" (https://www.hindus
November 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019. tantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-hubs-in-asia-pacifi
c/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html). Hindustan Times. 28
5. "Economic Survey of Haryana 2020-21" (https://web.archive.org/we
May 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190824131759/
b/20220119164659/http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Esurvey.pdf)
https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-
(PDF). Government of Haryana. 1 February 2022. pp. 2–3. Archived hubs-in-asia-pacific/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html) from
from the original (http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/esurvey.pdf) (PDF) on
the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
19 January 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
18. Julka, Harsimran (30 September 2011). "IT firms looking beyond
6. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida to other cities in north India" (http://a
180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/). Global
rticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_
Data Lab. Institute for Management Research, Radboud University.
1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida). The Economic Times. ET
Archived from the original (https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/sh
Bureau. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105032828/htt
di/) on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018. p://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/302288
7. "Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National 17_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida) from the original on 5
Health survey (2019-2021)" (https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/f November 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
iles/NFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Health and Family
19. Lal, Muni (1974). Haryana: On High Road to Prosperity (https://book
Welfare, India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230922160
s.google.com/books?id=0cgCAAAAMAAJ&q=abhiras). Vikas
100/https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFHS-5_Phase-II_
Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-7069-0290-7.
0.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved
8 January 2023. 20. Punia, Bijender K. (1994). Tourism Management: Problems and
Prospects (https://books.google.com/books?id=7d3rX5jr1WQC&dq
8. "The way tough Haryanvis speak" (https://www.tribuneindia.com/ne
=abhira+name+haryana&pg=PA18). APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-
ws/the-way-tough-haryanvis-speak-18241). The Tribune. 28
7024-643-5.
December 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2020032804
2237/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/the-way-tough-haryanvis-s 21. Chopra, Pran Nath (1982). Religions and Communities of India (http
peak-18241) from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved s://books.google.com/books?id=ggtuAAAAMAAJ&q=Abhirayana%3
28 March 2020. DAhirayana%3DHirayana%3D). Vision Books. ISBN 978-0-391-
02748-0.
9. "Social Status of a Haryanvi Rural Woman: A Reflective Study
through Folk Songs" (https://web.archive.org/web/2020022003461 22. Subramanian, T. S. (27 March 2014), "Rakhigarhi, the biggest
7/http://web.iitd.ac.in/~singhk/home/Phase1.htm). iitd.ac.com. Harappan site" (http://thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-an
Archived from the original (http://web.iitd.ac.in/~singhk/home/Phase d-culture/rakhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece),
1.htm) on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020. The Hindu, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161127171505/
http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/r
10. "No takers in their own land" (https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ar
akhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece) from the
chive/features/no-takers-in-their-own-land-753271). Tribune. 7 April
original on 27 November 2016, retrieved 24 January 2016
2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220408081050/http
s://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/no-takers-in-their-o
wn-land-753271) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May
2022.
23. "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana Plus" (http://www.tribune 39. "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII
india.com/2011/20111220/harplus.htm). The Tribune. Archived (http and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political
s://web.archive.org/web/20161031143942/http://www.tribuneindia.c control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier
om/2011/20111220/harplus.htm) from the original on 31 October Province" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739). 1901.
2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.253
24. Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is 63739). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240128154853/htt
important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river" Seminar, ps://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739) from the original on 28
Saraswati river-a perspective, 20–22 Nov 2009, Kurukshetra January 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
University, Kurukshetra, organized by Saraswati Nadi Shodh 40. "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables" (https://www.js
Sansthan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114–117 tor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788). 1911. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788
25. Killingley, Dermot (2007). "Mlecchas, Yavanas and Heathens: (https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788). Archived (https://we
Interacting Xenologies in Early Nineteenth-Century Calcutta" (http b.archive.org/web/20240109220619/https://www.jstor.org/stable/sao
s://books.google.com/books?id=tv-4tyO9u_QC&pg=PA125). In a.crl.25393788) from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved
Franco, Eli; Preisendanz, Karin (eds.). Beyond Orientalism: The 3 March 2024.
Work of Wilhelm Halbfass and Its Impact on Indian and Cross- 41. Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV
cultural Studies. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 125. ISBN 978-8-12083- Part II" (https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718).
110-0. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
26. Atul Kumar Sinha & Abhay Kumar Singh 2007, p. 401. 42. "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables" (htt
27. "Explained: The legacy of Tomar king Anangpal II and his ps://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165). 1921.
connection with Delhi" (https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/t JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.254
omar-king-anangpal-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/). The Indian Express. 30165). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083309/htt
22 March 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2021041322 ps://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165) from the original on 26
0940/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tomar-king-anangp March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
al-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/) from the original on 13 April 2021. 43. "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables" (https://www.js
Retrieved 6 May 2021. tor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242). 1931. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242
28. Elliot, Sir Henry Miers; Dowson, John (1871). The History of India, (https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242). Archived (https://we
as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period: Ed. from b.archive.org/web/20231031110212/https://www.jstor.org/stable/sao
the Posthumous Papers of the Late Sir H. M. Elliot . (https://books.g a.crl.25793242) from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved
oogle.com/books?id=e9Q6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497) Trübner and 4 February 2024.
Company. pp. 427–31. 44. India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6,
29. Phadke, H.A. (1990). Haryana, Ancient and Medieval. Harman Punjab" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541).
Publishing House. p. 123. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.282
15541). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221002225000/htt
30. Sarkar 1960, p. 66.
ps://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541) from the original on 2
31. Arnold P. Kaminsky; Roger D. Long (2011). India Today: An October 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic (https://books.google.com/book
45. "Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901" (http://www.censusin
s?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA300). ABC-CLIO. p. 300. ISBN 978-
0-313-37462-3. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160619120 dia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html). Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20190808131957/http://www.censusindia.gov.
748/https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA
in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html) from the original on 8
300) from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 13 February
August 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
2016.
46. "Population by religion community - 2011" (https://web.archive.org/
32. the punjab reorganisation act, 1966 - Chief Secretary, Haryana (htt
web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C
p://csharyana.gov.in/WriteReadData/Acts/Re-Organisation/1474.pd
-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS). Census of India, 2011. The
f) (PDF), archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081746/htt
Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the
p://csharyana.gov.in/WriteReadData/Acts/Re-Organisation/1474.pd
original (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-
f) (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 12 November
01%20MDDS.XLS) on 25 August 2015.
2015
47. "Haryana government announced the formation of rules to register
33. History of Haryana - Haryana Day: A new state is born! (https://web.
archive.org/web/20131002001513/http://haryana-online.com/Histor Anand Karaj, the Sikh marriage ceremony" (http://www.dailypioneer.
com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-reg
y/history_1966-.htm), archived from the original (http://www.haryana-
istration-rules.html). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2014071
online.com/History/history_1966-.htm) on 2 October 2013
5040119/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/har
34. Haryana will get Chandigarh, Punjab can claim Lahore or Shimla, yana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html) from the
says a peeved Hooda (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/haryana-will original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
-get-chandigarh-punjab-can-claim-lahore-or-shimla-says-peeved-ho
48. Govt. of India, Census (2001). "Census India 2001" (http://www.cens
oda/1/296302.html), 25 July 2013, archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20151117024604/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/haryana-will usindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf) (PDF).
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111113213432/http://www.
-get-chandigarh-punjab-can-claim-lahore-or-shimla-says-peeved-ho
censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf)
oda/1/296302.html) from the original on 17 November 2015,
(PDF) from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 28 March
retrieved 15 November 2015
2013.
35. "List of Haryana Chief Ministers from November 1, 1966 till date" (htt
49. "Indian Census 2011" (https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/
p://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/list-of-haryana-chief-mini
DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX). Archived (https://web.archiv
sters-from-november-1-1966-till-date), The Indian Express, 21
e.org/web/20200112015624/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/
October 2014, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201510300515
C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX) from the original on 12
08/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/list-of-haryana-chief
January 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
-ministers-from-november-1-1966-till-date/) from the original on 30
October 2015, retrieved 12 November 2015 50. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report
36. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken (July 2012 to June 2013)" (https://web.archive.org/web/2016070801
2438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf)
on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." (https://www.jstor.org/stable/sa
(PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority
oa.crl.25057656) 1881. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057656 (https://www.jsto
Affairs, Government of India. p. 11. Archived from the original (http://
r.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656). Retrieved 1 June 2024.
nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf) (PDF) on 8
37. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken July 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/sa
oa.crl.25057657). 1881. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057657 (https://w
ww.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657). Retrieved 1 June 2024.
38. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken
on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/sa
oa.crl.25057658). 1881. p. 14. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057658 (https://w
ww.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658). Retrieved 1 June 2024.
51. Bhatia, Varinder (6 February 2019). "Haryana's South connect: 68. "Social study the KhapPanchayats of Haryana: A Survey,
When it made Telugu second language in school" (https://indianexp International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue
ress.com/article/explained/haryanas-south-connect-when-it-made-te 11" (https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2017/IJRSS_NOVEMBER
lugu-second-language-in-school-5570917/). The Indian Express. 2017/IJMRA-12670.pdf) (PDF). Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell's
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200505184601/https://india Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A. Archived (https://we
nexpress.com/article/explained/haryanas-south-connect-when-it-ma b.archive.org/web/20200731122151/https://www.ijmra.us/project%2
de-telugu-second-language-in-school-5570917/) from the original 0doc/2017/IJRSS_NOVEMBER2017/IJMRA-12670.pdf) (PDF) from
on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020. the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
52. Bharadwaj, Ajay (7 March 2010). "Punjabi edges out Tamil in 69. NIDM, p. 2.
Haryana" (https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-punjabi-edges-out- 70. Home (https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023236/http://agrihary
tamil-in-haryana-1356124). DNA India. Archived (https://web.archiv ana.nic.in/), Department of Agriculture (Haryana), archived from the
e.org/web/20201108134854/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report- original (http://agriharyana.nic.in) on 17 November 2015
punjabi-edges-out-tamil-in-haryana-1356124) from the original on 8
71. Organizations (https://web.archive.org/web/20181114182552/http://
November 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
www.haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html), archived from
53. Bengali and Bhojpuri are listed as they have more than 50,000 the original (https://haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html)
speakers each according to the 2011 census; the rest are included on 14 November 2018, retrieved 19 December 2018
following Ethnologue (22nd edition). 72. "Hills of Morni" (http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-t
54. Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. he-highest-point-in-morni). hillsofmorni.com. 27 September 2014.
(2019). "India – Languages" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190401 Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061747/http://www.
120331/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN/languages). hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni/)
Ethnologue (22nd ed.). SIL International. Archived from the original from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
(https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN/languages) on 1 April 2019.
73. "Interesting Facts About Haryana" (http://www.quickgs.com/interesti
55. Sachchidananda Encyclopaedic Profile of Indian Tribes Volume 1 - ng-facts-about-haryana/). quickgs.com. 7 May 2015. Archived (http
1996 817141298X p416. s://web.archive.org/web/20160312032245/http://www.quickgs.com/i
56. Bhatia, Sheveta (17 August 2010). "Second Innings" (http://www.ind nteresting-facts-about-haryana) from the original on 12 March 2016.
ianexpress.com/news/second-innings/661605/). The Indian Retrieved 24 March 2016.
Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220013/ht 74. "Karoh Peak" (http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=53260).
tps://indianexpress.com/news/second-innings/661605/) from the Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
75. "Gazetteer of India" (https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/te
57. "Journal of Punjab Studies - Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies - xt.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif). University of Chicago.
UC Santa Barbara" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213237/ Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160405214858/http://dsal.u
http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html). chicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V
global.ucsb.edu. Archived from the original (http://www.global.ucsb. 18_376.gif) from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 24 March
edu/punjab/journalfall04.html) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2016.
4 December 2017. 76. NIDM, p. 3.
58. A Glossary of the tribes & castes of Punjab by H. A Rose
77. "River Saraswati is for real, found in Haryana" (http://zeenews.india.
59. Manorma Sharma, 2007, Musical Heritage of India (https://books.go com/news/haryana/river-saraswati-is-for-real-found-in-haryana_159
ogle.com/books?isbn=8131300463), Page 65-125. 1937.html), Zee Nees, 8 May 2015, archived (https://web.archive.or
60. S. C. Bhatt and Gopal K. Bhargava, 2006, Land and People of g/web/20151120040149/http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/riv
Indian States and Union Territories: 21 Arts and Crafts of Haryana (h er-saraswati-is-for-real-found-in-haryana_1591937.html) from the
ttps://books.google.com/books?isbn=8178353652). original on 20 November 2015, retrieved 12 November 2015
61. S. Gajrani, 2004, History, Religion and Culture of India (https://book 78. Dale Hoiberg; Indu Ramchandani (2000). Students' Britannica
s.google.com/books?isbn=818205060X), Volume 1, Page 96. India, Volumes 1-5 (https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5
62. Patra, Pratyush (25 March 2016). "Artists give Gurgaon's walls a CgC). Popular Prakashan, 2000. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.
makeover" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Artists- Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171206083034/https://book
give-Gurgaons-walls-a-makeover/articleshow/51552667.cms). The s.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC) from the original on 6
Times of India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191209170 December 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017. "... The Ghaggar
004/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Artists-give-Gur River rises in the Shiwalik Range, northwestern Himachal Pradesh
gaons-walls-a-makeover/articleshow/51552667.cms) from the State, and flows about 320 km southwest through Haryana State,
original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019. where it receives the Saraswati River. Beyond the Otu Barrage, the
Ghaggar River is known as the Hakra River which loses itself in the
63. "Most Indians are non-vegetarian, Southern and Northeastern states
Thar Desert. Just southwest of Sirsa it feeds two irrigation canals
top the list: Report" (https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-
that extend into Rajasthan. ..."
politics/most-indians-nonvegetarian-southern-northeastern-states-to
p-list-report/story/277456.html). Business Today. 22 May 2018. 79. "Rivers in Ambala, Markanda River Ambala, Tangri River Ambala"
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200927040402/https://ww (https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165622/http://www.ambalaon
w.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/most-indians-nonveget line.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala). ambalaonline.in. Archived from
arian-southern-northeastern-states-top-list-report/story/277456.html) the original (http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala)
from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020. on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
64. Corporation, Haryana Tourism. "Cuisine of Haryana | About us | 80. Chopra, Sanjeev (25 September 2010). "Overflowing Ghaggar,
Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited" (https://haryanatourism.gov.i Tangri inundate some villages along Punjab-Haryana border" (http://
n/cuisine-of-haryana). haryanatourism.gov.in. Retrieved 3 April archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inund
2024. ate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/). The
Indian Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2018062823
65. Cuisine of Haryana (http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.as
1143/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-ta
px?contentid=5491) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2017120
ngri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/)
4223020/http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?content
from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
id=5491) 4 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Haryana
Tourism. 81. "Kaushalya Dam" (http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaush
alya-dam/). 13 December 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
66. Corporation, Haryana Tourism. "Cuisine of Haryana | About us |
eb/20171114024025/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kau
Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited" (https://haryanatourism.gov.i
shalya-dam/) from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved
n/cuisine-of-haryana). haryanatourism.gov.in. Retrieved 4 April
4 December 2017.
2024.
82. "HaryanaOnline - Geography of Haryana" (https://web.archive.org/w
67. Sāṅgavāna, Guṇapālasiṃha (1989). Harayāṇavī lokagītoṃ kā
eb/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.ht
sāṃskr̥ tika adhyayana (https://books.google.com/books?id=ubI3AA
m). Archived from the original (http://www.haryana-online.com/geogr
AAIAAJ) (in Hindi). Hariyāṇā Sāhitya Akādamī. p. 17.
aphy.htm) on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
83. Geography- others (https://web.archive.org/web/20180502082953/h 99. Ramtanu Maitra: The Indira Gandhi Canal: greening the desert in
ttp://kurukshetra.nic.in/AtAGlance/Rivers/index.htm), District India EIR Volume 14, Number 7, 13 February 1987
Administration, Kurukshetra, archived from the original (http://www.k 100. "Kaushalya Dam" (http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaush
urukshetra.nic.in/AtAGlance/Rivers/index.htm) on 2 May 2018, alya-dam/). Hills of Morni. 13 December 2012. Archived (https://web.
retrieved 1 December 2018 archive.org/web/20140523064947/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/arou
84. Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, nd-morni/kaushalya-dam/) from the original on 23 May 2014.
Vijai Shankar Śrivastava, 1981 (https://books.google.com/books?is Retrieved 14 June 2014.
bn=0391023586). ISBN 0391023586 101. Tak, Prakash C.; Jagdish P. Sati; Anjum N. Rizvi (April 2010).
85. "Sahibi river" (http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sa "Status of waterbirds at Hathnikund Barrage wetland, Yamunanagar
hibi-river). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201926/ District, Haryana, India" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120317104
http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sahibi-river) from 520/http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv
the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017. 10841-844.pdf) (PDF). p. 841. Archived from the original (http://threa
86. Jain, A.K. (4 December 2017). River Pollution (https://books.google. tenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf)
com/books?id=1PjJD61h8Q0C&q=sahibi+river&pg=PA41). APH (PDF) on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
Publishing. ISBN 9788131304631. Retrieved 4 December 2017 – 102. Haberman, David L. (2006). River of love in an age of pollution: the
via Google Books. Yamuna River of northern India (https://books.google.com/books?id
87. Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Archaeological evidence (http =63uDsPPr48gC&pg=PA78). University of California Press. p. 78.
s://books.google.com/books?isbn=812460049X), Arun Kumar ISBN 978-0-520-24789-5. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
Biswas, Sulekha Biswas, University of Michigan. 1996. 103. Peck, Lucy (2005). Delhi - A thousand years of Building (https://ww
ISBN 812460049X. w.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm). New Delhi: Roli Books Pvt Ltd.
88. "Latest News, Breaking News Live, Current Headlines, India News p. 29. ISBN 81-7436-354-8. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2
Online - The Indian Express" (http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory. 0060312215021/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm) from
php?newsid=138509). The Indian Express. Retrieved 4 December the original on 12 March 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2009. "One
2017. of the two significant structures in the area, the dam lies about
1 km [0.62 mi] to the north of the Anangpur village. A path from the
89. Environment Minister raises a stink over Najafgarh jheel (http://citie
main village street will lead you in to flat pastureland. Head for the
s.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=118627), 22 February
small rocky hill ahead of you and climb over it. On the other side is
2005, The Indian Express
another flat area, rather thickly covered in thorn trees. It is worth
90. Najafgarh basin Delhi's most polluted area (http://www.indianexpres finding a way through them to the dam that straddles the gap
s.com/news/najafgarh-basin-delhis-most-polluted-area/558870/) between the two nearby hills. The dam is an impressive edifice
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100119214020/http://www.i 50 m [160 ft] wide and 7 m [23 ft] high built from accurately hewn
ndianexpress.com/news/najafgarh-basin-delhis-most-polluted-area/ quartzite blocks.---There is a passage for the egress of water at the
558870/) 19 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 25 December level of the ground on the dammed side. The flat land across which
2009, The Indian Express you have walked is clearly caused by centuries of silt deposits in
91. Najafgarh drain 11th among highly polluted industrial clusters (htt the lake that once existed behind this dam. The land around has
p://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/pollution/28101 been vwey heavily quarried recently, so further archaeological finds
026_1_industrial-clusters-industrial-hubs-najafgarh-drain) Archived are unlikely." {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
(https://archive.today/20120701125350/http://articles.timesofindia.in 104. Madan Mohan. "Spatial Data Modeling in GIS for Historical
diatimes.com/2009-12-25/pollution/28101026_1_industrial-clusters-
Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Seven Cities
industrial-hubs-najafgarh-drain) 1 July 2012 at archive.today, 25
of Delhi" (http://www.isprs.org/congresses/istanbul2004/comm5/pap
December 2009, The Times of India ers/676.pdf) (PDF). Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural
92. drain causes less pollution in Yamuna now (http://cities.expressindi Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi,
a.com/fullstory.php?newsid=191225Najafgarh), 4 July 2006, The India. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
Indian Express 105. Sir William Wilson Hunter, India Office (1908), Imperial gazetteer of
93. "Geography of Haryana - Map, Shivaliks, Ghaggar, Yamuna, India (https://books.google.com/books?id=iUAKAQAAIAAJ),
Saraswati, Morni - India" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121 Clarendon Press, 1908, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2013
800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm). haryana- 0929213116/http://books.google.com/books?id=iUAKAQAAIAAJ)
online.com. Archived from the original (http://www.haryana-online.co from the original on 29 September 2013, retrieved 13 November
m/geography.htm) on 1 February 2016. 2017, "... It was agreed between the British Government and the
94. Siwach, Sukhbir (7 December 2014), "Haryana to meet Rajasthan State of Bikaner that the Dhanur lake, about 8 miles from Sirsa,
over stopping of river waters" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/indi should be converted into a reservoir by the construction of a
a/Haryana-to-meet-Rajasthan-over-stopping-of-river-waters/articles masonry weir at Otu ... two canals, the northern and southern ...
how/45399754.cms), The Times of India, archived (https://web.archi constructed with famine labor in 1896-7 ... 6.3 lakhs, of which 2.8
ve.org/web/20160205134642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/indi lakhs was debited to Bikaner ..."
a/Haryana-to-meet-Rajasthan-over-stopping-of-river-waters/articles 106. Mukesh Bhardwaj (7 April 2002), "Tau here, Tau there, Tau
how/45399754.cms) from the original on 5 February 2016, retrieved everywhere" (http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/449/), The
12 November 2015 Indian Express, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220
95. Sudhir Bhargava,"Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati River 014/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/tau-here-tau-ther
is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati River", e-tau-everywhere/) from the original on 24 April 2022, retrieved
International Conference, 20–22 Nov 2009, "Saraswati-a 28 November 2010, "... The prestigious Panipat Thermal Plant was
perspective" pages 114–117, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, named after Devi Lal, as was the new tourist complex at Ottu weir in
Organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana. Sirsa ..."
96. "Western Yamuna Canal Major Irrigation Project JI01653 -" (https:// 107. "बस साल भर बाद खेतों की प्यास बुझाएगी ओटू झील (Ottu reservoir will begin
web.archive.org/web/20171113165614/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/ quenching the thirst of fields in only a year)" (https://web.archive.org/
wrpinfo/index.php?title=Western_Yamuna_Canal_Major_Irrigation_ web/20110726050310/http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/haryan
Project_JI01653). india-wris.nrsc.gov.in. Archived from the original a/4_6_6421654.html), Dainik Jagran, 27 May 2010, archived from
(http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Western_Yamu the original (http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/haryana/4_6_642
na_Canal_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI01653) on 13 November 1654.html) on 26 July 2011, retrieved 28 November 2010, "... किसानों
2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017. की समस्या से निजात दिलाने में सहायक ओटू झील की याद बरबस किसानों व सिंचाई
97. "National Portal of India" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090207085 विभाग को आना लाज़िमी है। सिंचाई विभाग ने किसानों के हित को ध्यान में रखते हुए
128/http://india.gov.in/sectors/water_resources/sutlej_link.php). झील की खुदाई की गति तेज़ कर दी है (it is obvious that the suffering farmers
india.gov.in. Archived from the original (https://www.india.gov.in/) on and the irrigation department would look to the Ottu reservoir.
7 February 2009. Mindful of the farmers' interests, the irrigation department has
accelerated the work to deepen Ottu reservoir) ..."
98. "PIB Press Releases" (http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rmar
2003/04032003/r040320035.html). pib.nic.in. Archived (https://web.
archive.org/web/20170301205001/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/l
yr2003/rmar2003/04032003/r040320035.html) from the original on 1
March 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
108. "Badkhal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140302053727/http://hary 121. "List of zoos who have submitted their master plan" (https://web.arch
anatourism.gov.in/destination/badkhal.asp). Haryana Tourism, ive.org/web/20160304054343/http://www.cza.nic.in/Status%20of%2
Government of Haryana. Archived from the original (http://haryanato 0Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf) (PDF).
urism.gov.in/destination/badkhal.asp) on 2 March 2014. Retrieved Archived from the original (http://cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Maste
18 March 2014. r%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf) (PDF) on 4 March
109. "Delhi's water bodies face threat of extinction" (http://indiatoday.into 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
day.in/story/delhi-water-bodies-extinct-mcd-delhi-parks-and-lakes-s 122. "Protected Area" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/htt
ociety/1/346248.html). India Today. 1 March 2014. Archived (https:// p://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx). haryanaforest.gov.in. Archived
web.archive.org/web/20171107153406/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/st from the original (http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx) on 12 May
ory/delhi-water-bodies-extinct-mcd-delhi-parks-and-lakes-society/1/ 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
346248.html) from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 123. "Haryana to develop 50-60 small lakes, water bodies in NCR:
18 March 2014. Manohar Lal Khattar" (http://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/h
110. "Lakhs take dip in Brahma Sarovar on Occasion of Solar Eclipse" (h aryana-to-develop-50-60-small-lakes-water-bodies-in-ncr-manohar-l
ttp://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/29/lakhs-take-dip-in-brahma-sarovar- al-khattar-4918316/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2017110
on-occasion-of-solar-eclipse-1143642694.html). oneindia.in. United 7062251/http://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/haryana-to-de
News of IndiaI. 29 March 2006. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we velop-50-60-small-lakes-water-bodies-in-ncr-manohar-lal-khattar-49
b/20141025190607/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/29/lakhs-take-d 18316/) 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Indian Express,
ip-in-brahma-sarovar-on-occasion-of-solar-eclipse-1143642694.htm 1 November 2017.
l) from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014. 124. "Haryana to constitute pond management authority " (http://www.bus
111. Dutt, K.G. (23 August 1998). "Three hundred thousand take holy iness-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-to-constitute-pond-ma
dip" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug23/head2.htm). The nagement-authority-117110101271_1.html) Archived (https://web.ar
Tribune India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201410251914 chive.org/web/20171107003731/http://www.business-standard.com/
27/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug23/head2.htm) from the article/pti-stories/haryana-to-constitute-pond-management-authority-
original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014. 117110101271_1.html) 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine,
112. "Religious Places in Kurukshetra - Brahma Sarovar" (https://web.arc Business Standard, 1 November 2017.
hive.org/web/20140729232051/http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/R 125. "Sohna Hot Spring." (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/h
eligious/tirath/Kurukshetra/010-brahmsarovar/index.htm#top). aryana.htm#2) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171104211
Kurukshetra district website. Archived from the original (http://www.k 236/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/haryana.htm#2) 4
urukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/010-brahmsarova November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Tribune.
r/index.htm#top) on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014. 126. "Hotel Detail - Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited" (http://haryana
113. "Title: The Tribune - Hisar Bluebird lake, Published 23 December tourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5617&serviceid=39).
2014. Retrieved 26 March 2016" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ haryanatourism.gov.in. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170
haryana/vets-screen-geese-shut-hisar-s-bluebird-lake/21336.html). 213152258/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170821173905/http://www.t 5617&serviceid=39) from the original on 13 February 2017.
ribuneindia.com/news/haryana/vets-screen-geese-shut-hisar-s-blue Retrieved 4 December 2017.
bird-lake/21336.html) from the original on 21 August 2017. 127. 2004, "Records, Volume 135, Part 1." (https://books.google.com/boo
Retrieved 4 December 2017. ks?id=MvAdAQAAMAAJ&q=sulphur+tosham) Archived (https://web.
114. "Blue Bird (Hisar)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111011073014/ht archive.org/web/20181127110452/https://books.google.com/books?
tp://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/bluebird.asp). 11 October id=MvAdAQAAMAAJ&q=sulphur+tosham&dq=sulphur+tosham) 27
2011. Archived from the original (http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destin November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Geological Survey of
ation/bluebird.asp) on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 4 December India, Page 144.
2017. 128. "World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal" (https://climatekno
115. Damdama lake (http://www.damdamalake.com) Archived (https://we wledgeportal.worldbank.org/).
b.archive.org/web/20181127151930/http://www.damdamalake.co climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
m/) 27 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, official website. 129. "IMD - CDSP" (https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?
116. Rajiv Tiwari, "Delhi A Travel Guide" (https://books.google.com/book stn=42178#). cdsp.imdpune.gov.in. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
s?id=FBRYCgAAQBAJ&dq=damdama+lake&pg=PT117) Archived 130. "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to
(https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110551/https://books.google. 2012)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpun
com/books?id=FBRYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT117&dq=damdama+lake# e.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%2
v=onepage&q=damdama%20lake) 27 November 2018 at the 0and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf) (PDF). India
Wayback Machine, ISBN 9798128819703. Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M64. Archived from
117. Page 153, Tourism: Theory, Planning, and Practice, By K.K. Karma, the original (https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20O
Krishnan K. Kamra, Published 1997, Indus Publishing, ISBN 81- F%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.p
7387-073-X df) (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
118. Sharma, Y.D (2001). Delhi and its Neighbourhood (https://web.archi 131. "State animals, birds, trees and flowers" (https://wayback.archive-it.
ve.org/web/20050831215230/http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/Searc org/all/20070615001645/http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/state_animals_t
hResults.asp?ProdStock=8780). New Delhi: Archaeological Survey ree_flowers.pdf) (PDF). Wildlife Institute of India. Archived from the
of India. p. 100 in 161. Archived from the original (http://www.indiacl original (http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/state_animals_tree_flowers.pdf)
ub.com/Shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780) on 31 August (PDF) on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
2005. Retrieved 5 September 2009. "Page 100: Suraj Kund lies 132. Welcome To Our Website (https://web.archive.org/web/2018032701
about 3 km south-east of Tughlaqabad in district Gurgaon---The 0800/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/HomeContent1.aspx), Haryana
reservoir is believed to have been constructed in the tenth century Forest Department, archived from the original (http://haryanaforest.g
by King Surjapal of Tomar dynasty, whose existence is based on ov.in/HomeContent1.aspx) on 27 March 2018, retrieved
Bardic tradition. Page 101: About 2 km south-west of Surajkund, 1 December 2018
close to the village of Anagpur (also called Arangpur is a dam
133. Flora and Fauna (http://www.knowmyindia.com/haryana/gurgaon/su
ascribed to Anagpal of the Tomar Dynasty, who is also credited with
ltanpur-national-park/flora-and-fauna.html), archived (https://web.arc
building the Lal Kot" {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) hive.org/web/20160101032538/http://www.knowmyindia.com/harya
119. "Ticketed Monuments – Haryana: Suraj Kund" (https://web.archive.o na/gurgaon/sultanpur-national-park/flora-and-fauna.html) from the
rg/web/20091011023435/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_haryana_s original on 1 January 2016, retrieved 12 November 2015
urajkund.asp). National Informatics Centre, Government of India. 134. Conservation of Wildlife (https://web.archive.org/web/20180327013
Archived from the original (http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_haryana_ 117/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/conservation.aspx), archived from the
surajkund.asp) on 11 October 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2009. original (http://haryanaforest.gov.in/conservation.aspx) on 27 March
120. Page 149, India: A Travel Guide, By B.R. Kishore, published 2001, 2018, retrieved 1 December 2018
Diamond Pocket Books (P) Limited, ISBN 81-284-0067-3 135. Fauna of Haryana (https://web.archive.org/web/20151202230620/ht
tp://haryana-online.com/fauna.htm), archived from the original (http://
www.haryana-online.com/fauna.htm) on 2 December 2015
136. Parks, Reserves and Other Protected Areas in Haryana (https://web. 147. "HC starts e-filing, gets Wi-Fi complex" (http://www.tribuneindia.co
archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protec m/news/punjab/courts/hc-starts-e-filing-gets-wi-fi-complex/13112.ht
t.aspx), archived from the original (http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect. ml), The Tribune, Chandigarh, Tribune News Service, 1 December
aspx) on 12 May 2014, retrieved 11 May 2014 2014, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023012/http://
137. "Protected Area" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/htt www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/courts/hc-starts-e-filing-gets-wi-
p://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx). haryanaforest.gov.in. Archived fi-complex/13112.html) from the original on 6 March 2016, retrieved
from the original (http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx) on 12 May 24 January 2016
2014. Retrieved 4 August 2016. 148. "Digital India campaign: Panchkula comes out on top among all
138. "From Punjab to Patna pollution spreads." (https://translate.google.c districts of Haryana" (http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandig
om/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com% arh/digital-india-campaign-panchkula-comes-out-on-top-among-all-
2Fnews%2Fnational-air-pollution-effect-from-punjab-to-patna-1702 districts-of-haryana). The Indian Express. 26 December 2015.
4258.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220015/ Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160316045224/http://india
https://www-jagran-com.translate.goog/news/national-air-pollution-e nexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-campaign-panc
ffect-from-punjab-to-patna-17024258.html?_x_tr_sl=hi&_x_tr_tl=en hkula-comes-out-on-top-among-all-districts-of-haryana/) from the
&_x_tr_hl=en-US) 24 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Dainik original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
Jagran, 12 November 2017. 149. "Government unveils Umang app for citizen services." (https://econo
139. Reorganisation of Haryana divisions (http://www.dailypioneer.com/s mictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/government-unveil
tate-editions/haryana-re-organises-administrative-units.html) s-umang-app-for-citizen-services/articleshow/61769676.cms)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171229231507/http://www. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180417000928/https://econ
dailypioneer.com/state-editions/haryana-re-organises-administrative omictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/government-unve
-units.html) 29 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Daily ils-umang-app-for-citizen-services/articleshow/61769676.cms) 17
Pioneer, 3 January 2017. April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Economic Times, 23 November
2017.
140. Haryana approves to create two new revenue divisions (http://www.
uniindia.com/haryana-approves-to-create-two-new-revenue-division 150. "Govt's Umang app finally sees the light of the day: All you need to
s/states/news/768930.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2 know." (http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/g
0171229172428/http://www.uniindia.com/haryana-approves-to-creat ovt-s-umang-app-finally-sees-the-light-of-the-day-all-you-need-to-kn
e-two-new-revenue-divisions/states/news/768930.html) 29 ow-117112300381_1.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2
December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 2 February 2017. 0171201031928/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy
-policy/govt-s-umang-app-finally-sees-the-light-of-the-day-all-you-ne
141. Authority set up to rejig administrative units across Haryana (https://t
ed-to-know-117112300381_1.html) 1 December 2017 at the
imesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/authority-set-up-to-rejig-
Wayback Machine, Business Standard, 23 November 2017.
administrative-units-across-haryana/articleshow/56302722.cms)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171229183401/https://time 151. India's Top 12 Tech Cities: Digital Indian Cities Survey, 2016 (http://c
sofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/authority-set-up-to-rejig-ad eoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities
ministrative-units-across-haryana/articleshow/56302722.cms) 29 -survey-2016/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042
December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Times of India, 3 January 008/http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-i
2017. ndian-cities-survey-2016/) 5 December 2017 at the Wayback
Machine, CEOWORLD magazine, Nov 2016.
142. Haryana approves to create two new revenue divisions (https://new
s.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170202/3048081.html) 152. Report on Haryana Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare (https://web.ar
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172256/https://new chive.org/web/20211128073103/https://www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/r
s.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170202/3048081.html) 29 eports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.pdf) (PDF) (Report). Indian
December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Web India, 2 February Council of Food and Welfare. p. 2. Archived from the original (https://
2017. www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/reports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.
pdf) (PDF) on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
143. "One year later, Municipal Corporation of Manesar battling transfer
of amenities" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-new 153. "About IARI" (http://www.iari.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&
s/one-year-later-municipal-corporation-of-manesar-battling-transfer- view=article&id=161&Itemid=1730). IARI. Archived (https://web.arch
of-amenities-101640287094252.html). Hindustan Times. 24 ive.org/web/20150316004157/http://iari.res.in/index.php?option=co
December 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2022022316 m_content&view=article&id=161&Itemid=1730) from the original on
5215/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/one-ye 16 March 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
ar-later-municipal-corporation-of-manesar-battling-transfer-of-amenit 154. "Bhakra Dam Will Be Engineering Marvel" (https://news.google.co
ies-101640287094252.html) from the original on 23 February 2022. m/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19550904&printsec=fro
Retrieved 24 February 2022. ntpage). The Indian Express. 4 September 1955. p. 13. Archived (htt
144. Municipal taxes will be sanctioned to the weak bodies of the state (h ps://web.archive.org/web/20220424220014/https://news.google.co
ttps://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A% m/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19550904&printsec=fro
2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fgurgaon-municipal-tax-inc ntpage) from the original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
rease-17339518.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220 155. "Haryana | History, Capital, Population, Map, & Government |
424220015/https://www-jagran-com.translate.goog/haryana/gurgao Britannica" (https://www.britannica.com/place/Haryana).
n-municipal-tax-increase-17339518.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=e www.britannica.com. 21 February 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
n&_x_tr_hl=en-US) 24 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Dainik 156. Report on Haryana Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare (https://web.ar
Jagran news (https://www.jagran.com/haryana/gurgaon-municipal-t chive.org/web/20211128073103/https://www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/r
ax-increase-17339518.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2 eports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.pdf) (PDF) (Report). Indian
0180119060632/https://www.jagran.com/haryana/gurgaon-municipa Council of Food and Welfare. p. 2. Archived from the original (https://
l-tax-increase-17339518.html) 19 January 2018 at the Wayback www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/reports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.
Machine pdf) (PDF) on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
145. Haryana establishes five police ranges (http://www.business-standa 157. "Haryana | History, Capital, Population, Map, & Government |
rd.com/article/news-ians/haryana-establishes-five-police-ranges-11 Britannica" (https://www.britannica.com/place/Haryana).
7011601376_1.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201712 www.britannica.com. 21 February 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
29232024/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/hary
158. "Murrah Buffalo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180207042140/htt
ana-establishes-five-police-ranges-117011601376_1.html) 29
p://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html). Archived from the
December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, business Standard, 16
original (http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html) on 7 February
January 2017.
2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
146. Haryana Police (https://web.archive.org/web/20180811060318/htt
159. "Murrah buffalo sets record with 26.33 kg milk" (http://www.tribunein
p://haryanapoliceonline.gov.in/), archived from the original (http://har dia.com/news/punjab/story/184582.html). The Tribune. 16 January
yanapoliceonline.gov.in) on 11 August 2018, retrieved 1 May 2019
2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151238/http://
www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/story/184582.html) from the
original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
160. "Andhra Pradesh farmer buys Haryana murrah buffalo for Rs 25L" 173. Haryana to develop international airport at Hisar (http://www.travelbi
(http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Andhra-Pradesh-f zmonitor.com/Ministry/haryana-govt-to-develop-international-airport-
armer-buys-Haryana-murrah-buffalo-for-Rs-25L/articleshow/217538 at-hisar-30068) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112
70.cms). The Times of India. 11 August 2013. Archived (https://web. 209/http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/Ministry/haryana-govt-to-devel
archive.org/web/20161220151300/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.co op-international-airport-at-hisar-30068) 19 October 2017 at the
m/city/hyderabad/Andhra-Pradesh-farmer-buys-Haryana-murrah-buf Wayback Machine, TravelBizMonitor (http://www.travelbizmonitor.co
falo-for-Rs-25L/articleshow/21753870.cms) from the original on 20 m) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171129150531/http://w
December 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2014. ww.travelbizmonitor.com/) 29 November 2017 at the Wayback
161. "Rs 40-lakh-a-year hurrah for owner of this Murrah!" (https://web.arc Machine, Retrieved in March 2016.
hive.org/web/20140819102909/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punj 174. State shelves Hisar airport cargo project (http://www.tribuneindia.co
ab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-sem m/news/haryana/state-shelves-hisar-airport-project/87044.html)
en-sale/article1-1185010.aspx). Hindustan Times. 17 February Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171019111840/http://www.t
2014. Archived from the original (http://www.hindustantimes.com/pu ribuneindia.com/news/haryana/state-shelves-hisar-airport-project/8
njab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-se 7044.html) 19 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Tribune,
men-sale/article1-1185010.aspx) on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
30 June 2014. 175. "Savitri Jindal and family" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/savitri-jind
162. "CIRB annual report 2015-16" (https://web.archive.org/web/201707 al). Forbes. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2012070415392
20115045/http://cirb.res.in/images/pdf_files/annualreport15-16.pdf) 5/http://www.forbes.com/profile/savitri-jindal/) from the original on 4
(PDF). Archived from the original (http://www.cirb.res.in/images/pdf_ July 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
files/annualreport15-16.pdf) (PDF) on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 176. "Haryana culture" (http://www.indianmirror.com/culture/states-cultur
4 December 2017. e/haryana.html). Indian mirror. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
163. M Gupta, 2011, Ranking of Indian institutions in agriculture & allied b/20150827193200/http://www.indianmirror.com/culture/states-cultur
sciences (http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11559/3/ALI e/haryana.html) from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved
S%2058%281%29%2063-70.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/ 31 July 2015.
web/20180127205219/http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/12345678 177. "OSRAM" (http://www.osramindia.com). Archived (https://web.archiv
9/11559/3/ALIS%2058(1)%2063-70.pdf) 27 January 2018 at the e.org/web/20080513131033/http://www.osramindia.com/) from the
Wayback Machine. original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
164. Jagvir Singh Yadav, 1992, Evaluation of Agricultural Extension: A 178. "Atlas Cycles (Haryana) Ltd., Sonepat (India)" (https://web.archive.o
Study of Haryana (https://books.google.com/books?isbn=81702238 rg/web/20171216134908/http://atlascyclesonepat.com/).
65), Page 44. atlascyclesonepat.com. Archived from the original (http://www.atlasc
165. Salim Ahmed Lalli, 2007, Infrastructure and agricultural yclesonepat.com) on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December
development in Haryana: policy implications (https://books.google.c 2017.
om/books?isbn=8189131192). 179. "ECE Industries Ltd" (http://www.eceindustriesltd.com).
166. "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Delhi and neighbourhood" (http:// eceindustriesltd.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201711
www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051228/delhi.htm#1). The Tribune. 29142459/http://www.eceindustriesltd.com/) from the original on 29
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070613023249/http://www.t November 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
ribuneindia.com/2005/20051228/delhi.htm#1) from the original on 180. "Article Window" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110536/htt
13 June 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2008. p://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?Archiv
167. "File not found" (http://www.havells.com/company-profile.aspx). e&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP%2F2011%2F02%2F05&PageL
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095909/http://www. abel=58&EntityId=Ar05800&ViewMode=HTML). 5 February 2011.
havells.com/company-profile.aspx) from the original on 22 Archived from the original (http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Sc
December 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2018. ripting/ArticleWin.asp?Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/20
168. Manohar, Asit (26 March 2012). "IOC Faridabad unit to pump in bio- 11/02/05&PageLabel=58&EntityId=Ar05800&ViewMode=HTML) on
fuel; R&D unit gearing to reduce pressure on conventional fuel" (htt 27 November 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
p://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/news/312403 181. "Haryana showpiece millennium city Gurgaon's 'powerless' original
06_1_bio-fuels-research-work-indian-oil-corporation). The Times of residents suffer" (http://www.india.com/news/india/haryana-showpie
India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113631/http:// ce-millennium-city-gurgaons-powerless-original-residents-suffer-13
articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/news/31240306 5834/). India.com. 1 September 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.
_1_bio-fuels-research-work-indian-oil-corporation) from the original org/web/20150924034445/http://www.india.com/news/india/haryana
on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2018. -showpiece-millennium-city-gurgaons-powerless-original-residents-
169. "金牛配资 炒股配资平台 免息配资公司
_ _ " (https://web.archive.org/w suffer-135834/) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved
25 February 2015.
eb/20160304041859/http://www.lntgulf.com/contact-us.html).
lntgulf.com. Archived from the original (http://www.lntgulf.com/defaul 182. Tanushree Roy Chowdhury (22 December 2010). "Villagers fume
t.php) on 4 March 2016. after Haryana CM skips KMP meet" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.c
170. Abhishek Law (25 November 2015). "Eye-wear e-tailer Lenskart om/city/gurgaon/Villagers-fume-after-Haryana-CM-skips-KMP-meet/
looks at 150% growth this fiscal" (http://www.thehindubusinessline.c articleshow/7141757.cms?referral=PM). The Times of India. TNN.
om/companies/eyewear-etailer-lenskart-looks-at-150-growth-this-fis Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170102004049/http://times
cal/article7916307.ece). Business Line. Archived (https://web.archiv ofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Villagers-fume-after-Haryana-C
e.org/web/20160211195817/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/c M-skips-KMP-meet/articleshow/7141757.cms?referral=PM) from the
ompanies/eyewear-etailer-lenskart-looks-at-150-growth-this-fiscal/a original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
rticle7916307.ece) from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 183. "Pin Code of Manesar Gurgaon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140
11 March 2018. 309090757/http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Manesa
171. "Faridabad: Rents climbing, sleepy town is hot property" (http://time r%20&district=Gurgaon). citypincode.in. Archived from the original
sofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Faridabad-Rents-climbing-sleepy- (http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Manesar%20&distri
town-is-hot-property/articleshow/47728780.cms). The Times of ct=Gurgaon) on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
India. 19 June 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2015062 184. General Information (https://web.archive.org/web/20120909072523/
2054331/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Faridabad-Re http://www.haryanainvest.org/general-information.php), archived
nts-climbing-sleepy-town-is-hot-property/articleshow/47728780.cm from the original (http://www.haryanainvest.org/general-information.
s) from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2018. php) on 9 September 2012
172. Hisar aerodrome being considered for international airport, says 185. "HPGCL power plant capacity" (http://hpgcl.gov.in/powerplants_rpp.
MLA (http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/hisar-aero hp). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005819/http://h
drome-being-considered-for-international-airport-says-mla/article1-1 pgcl.gov.in/powerplants_rpp.hp) from the original on 6 December
292554.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201412110015 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
42/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/hisar-aerodro
me-being-considered-for-international-airport-says-mla/article1-129
2554.aspx) 11 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, HT
Correspondent, Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
186. "Haryana aims to install solar plants to replace old thermal plants" 199. "Jaipur division network map" (http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/
(http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-03-15/news/715 uploads/files/1450093177866-JP.pdf) (PDF). Archived (https://web.a
43274_1_power-plant-solar-plant-hpgcl), The Economic Times, 15 rchive.org/web/20171229173541/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.
March 2016, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2016040503465 in/uploads/files/1450093177866-JP.pdf) (PDF) from the original on
0/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-03-15/news/71 29 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
543274_1_power-plant-solar-plant-hpgcl) from the original on 5 200. "Delhi division map and history" (http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.i
April 2016, retrieved 24 March 2016 n/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,315). Archived (https://w
187. "Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan sigh Lays Foundation Stone of 2800 eb.archive.org/web/20140507033025/http://www.nr.indianrailways.g
MW Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (Nuclear Power ov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,315) from the
Project)" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=102476). original on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 13 January 2014. 201. "Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways" (https://web.archive.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140222061426/http://pib.ni org/web/20150319003737/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf)
c.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=102476) from the original on 22 (PDF). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (http://www.india
February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014. nrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf) (PDF) on 19 March 2015. Retrieved
188. Gorakhpur nuclear power plant makes headway (http://www.downto 13 January 2016.
earth.org.in/news/gorakhpur-nuclear-power-plant-makes-headway- 202. "Ambala Railway Division" (http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view
39141) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170921202535/htt _section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319). Northern Railway zone.
p://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/gorakhpur-nuclear-power-plant-m Railway Board. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140418160
akes-headway-39141) 21 September 2017 at the Wayback 819/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id
Machine. Down To Earth. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 2 April =0,1,263,314,319) from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved
2016. 13 January 2016.
189. "List of State Highways in Haryana" (https://haryanasamanyagyan.c 203. "Statement showing Category-wise No.of stations in IR based on
om/notes/state-highways-in-haryana/1592/). Haryana Samanya Pass. earning of 2011" (https://web.archive.org/web/201601280443
Gyan. 2 September 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201 28/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI%26A
81104211139/https://haryanasamanyagyan.com/notes/state-highwa CategoryStns.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (http://www.indi
ys-in-haryana/1592/) from the original on 4 November 2018. anrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf)
Retrieved 4 November 2018. (PDF) on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
190. "Single agency to handle road repair work from January 1" (http://w 204. "PASSENGER AMENITIES - CRITERIA= For Categorisation of
ww.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/single-agency-to-handle-road-r Stations" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045206/http://www.
epair-work-from-january-1/520344.html) Archived (https://web.archiv cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenge
e.org/web/20171229174916/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/hary r%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (htt
ana/single-agency-to-handle-road-repair-work-from-january-1/5203 p://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.P
44.html) 29 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Tribune, 29 assenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf) (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
December 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
191. "Why Haryana? - Economic Infrastructure" (https://web.archive.org/ 205. "NCR Zone map" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171230080131/htt
web/20090410062940/http://haryanaindustries.nic.in/WhyHaryana/ p://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,
Pages/NewEconomicInfrastructure.aspx). Archived from the original 262). Archived from the original (http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.i
(http://haryanaindustries.nic.in/WhyHaryana/Pages/NewEconomicIn n/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,262) on 30 December 2017.
frastructure.aspx) on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
192. "KMP Expressways to be completed by 2009" (https://web.archive.o 206. "North Central Railways / Indian Railways Portal" (http://www.ncr.in
rg/web/20070315201640/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/2052 dianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261).
6.html). The Indian Express. Archived from the original (http://www.i ncr.indianrailways.gov.in. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
ndianexpress.com/story/20526.html) on 15 March 2007. 20707094035/http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.js
193. "NH-2 widening to claim 25,000 trees in Faridabad dist | india" (htt p?lang=0&id=0,1,261) from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved
p://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nh-2-widening-to-claim-25-000-tr 4 December 2017.
ees-in-faridabad-dist/story-ek0KPewdRR6CZ7mZEgMeWM.html). 207. Ambala Division map and history (http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.i
Hindustan Times. 6 June 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we n/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319) Archived (https://w
b/20151117032245/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nh-2-wide eb.archive.org/web/20140418160819/http://www.nr.indianrailways.g
ning-to-claim-25-000-trees-in-faridabad-dist/story-ek0KPewdRR6C ov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319) 18 April 2014
Z7mZEgMeWM.html) from the original on 17 November 2015. at the Wayback Machine.
Retrieved 3 November 2015.
208. "NCR's longest Metro line in Faridabad | delhi" (http://www.hindusta
194. Address by The President of India to the Joint sitting of Parliament ntimes.com/newdelhi/ncr-s-longest-metro-line-in-faridabad/article1-
2014 (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225448/http://www.pmi 800767.aspx). Hindustan Times. 23 January 2012. Retrieved
ndia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf) (PDF), archived from the 3 November 2015.
original (http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf) (PDF)
209. "Projects - Delhi - Faridabad Elevated Expressway Project
on 14 July 2014
(dfskyway TM) (NH - 2)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160101032
195. "Eastern DFC" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171126065737/http:// 537/http://www.hccinfrastructure.com/projects/delhifaridabad_expre
dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Eastern_Corridor). Archived from the original ssway.aspx). HCC Infrastructure. 29 November 2010. Archived from
(http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Eastern_Corridor) on 26 November the original (http://www.hccinfrastructure.com/projects/delhifaridaba
2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017. d_expressway.aspx) on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 3 November
196. "Western DFC" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171203070023/htt 2015.
p://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Western_Corridor). Archived from the 210. "Egovonline.net" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120330231740/htt
original (http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Western_Corridor) on 3 p://www.egovonline.net/articles/article-details.asp?Title=Tulip-IT-in-
December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017. Haryana&ArticalID=1716&Type=INDUSTRY%20PERSPECTIVE).
197. "Bikaner Division map and history" (http://www.nwr.indianrailways.g Archived from the original (http://www.egovonline.net/articles/article-
ov.in/uploads/files/1450093153283-BKN.pdf) (PDF). Archived (http details.asp?Title=Tulip-IT-in-Haryana&ArticalID=1716&Type=INDU
s://web.archive.org/web/20171229231537/http://www.nwr.indianrail STRY%20PERSPECTIVE) on 30 March 2012.
ways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093153283-BKN.pdf) (PDF) from the 211. "Punjabnewsline.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/200801010714
original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017. 07/http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/7526/93/). Archived
198. "Overview of Bikaner Division" (https://web.archive.org/web/201405 from the original (http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/752
08030427/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/13903 6/93/) on 1 January 2008.
78076313-Overview%20dt.21.01.14.pdf) (PDF). North Western 212. "The Tribune India" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080206/ha
Railway. Archived from the original (http://www.nwr.indianrailways.g ryana.htm). The Tribune. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/200
ov.in/uploads/files/1390378076313-Overview%20dt.21.01.14.pdf) 90627005749/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080206/haryana.
(PDF) on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014. htm) from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2008.
213. "Haryana News - Haryana News Live - Haryana Hindi News - 225. Haryana is growing rapidly in higher education, 299 colleges in
Haryana Latest News | Hari Bhoomi" (https://www.haribhoomi.com/l small state (https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=
ocal/haryana). haribhoomi.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fmahendragarh
eb/20200621034451/https://www.haribhoomi.com/local/haryana) -haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-s
from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020. tates-17374290.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202204
214. State Wise Information (https://web.archive.org/web/201305150548 24220015/https://www-jagran-com.translate.goog/haryana/mahendr
04/http://www.nrhm.gov.in/nrhm-in-state/state-wise-information/hary agarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-s
ana.html), National Rural Health Mission, archived from the original mall-states-17374290.html?_x_tr_sl=hi&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-U
(http://nrhm.gov.in/nrhm-in-state/state-wise-information/haryana.htm S) 24 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Jagram (https://www.jagr
l) on 15 May 2013 an.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-highe
r-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html) Archived (http
215. Census 2011, Chapter 6 (State of Literacy) (http://censusindia.gov.i
s://web.archive.org/web/20180119234959/https://www.jagran.com/h
n/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf)
aryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-educati
(PDF), pp. 114–117, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2015070
on-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html) 19 January 2018 at the
6191931/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/indi
a/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 6 July Wayback Machine, 17 January 2018.
2015, retrieved 17 November 2015 226. "About HAU" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120512064952/http://h
au.ernet.in/). Haryana Agricultural University. Archived from the
216. "In Haryana, Gurgaon tops literacy rate but has worst sex ratio" (htt
original (http://hau.ernet.in/) on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 27 May
p://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-haryana-gurgaon-tops-literacy-
2012.
rate-but-has-worst-sex-ratio/1119373/#sthash.pBWugHfA.dpuf),
The Indian Express, 23 May 2013, archived (https://web.archive.org/ 227. "Vision 2030" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120913134303/http://
web/20130607143725/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-harya www.nrce.nic.in/downloads/NRCE%20Vision%202030.pdf) (PDF).
na-gurgaon-tops-literacy-rate-but-has-worst-sex-ratio/1119373#stha National Research Centre on Equines. Archived from the original (ht
sh.pBWugHfA.dpuf) from the original on 7 June 2013, retrieved tp://nrce.nic.in/downloads/NRCE%20Vision%202030.pdf) (PDF) on
3 November 2015 13 September 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
217. "Spatio-temporal Pattern of Literacy in Haryana" (https://web.archiv 228. "Central sheep breeding farm" (https://web.archive.org/web/201211
e.org/web/20140524023017/http://www.ijrsr.com/September2012/1 22055903/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/reports/compendium-of-schemes/c
2.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (http://www.ijrsr.com/Septem entral-sheep-breeding-farm-hissar-haryana.aspx). Department of
ber2012/12.pdf) (PDF) on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2013. Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, GoI. Archived from the
original (http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/reports/compendium-of-schemes/ce
218. "Haryana Population 2022 | Sex Ratio & Literacy rate 2024" (https://
ntral-sheep-breeding-farm-hissar-haryana.aspx) on 22 November
www.census2011.co.in/census/state/haryana.html).
2012. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
229. "Climate of Hisar" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120505132444/htt
219. History (http://www.bseh.org.in/history), Haryana Board of School
Education, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151224053220/ p://www.ppu.edu.in/about-hisar.html). PPU. Archived from the
original (http://www.ppu.edu.in/about-hisar.html) on 5 May 2012.
http://www.bseh.org.in/history/) from the original on 24 December
Retrieved 27 May 2012.
2015, retrieved 23 December 2015
230. "About us" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110916140714/http://nrfm
220. "Management Information System - Reports" (https://web.archive.or
tti.dacnet.nic.in/). Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and
g/web/20171214061251/http://hryedumis.gov.in/statistics/reports).
Testing Institute. Archived from the original (http://nrfmtti.dacnet.nic.i
hryedumis.gov.in. Archived from the original (http://hryedumis.gov.in/
n/) on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
statistics/reports) on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December
2017. 231. "About CIRB" (http://www.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content
&view=article&id=58&Itemid=1&lang=en). Central Institute for
221. "Haryana Education stats: aided private schools, 2015-2016" (http
Research on Buffaloes. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2012
s://web.archive.org/web/20171011005518/http://www.schooleducati
0913001100/http://www.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&
onharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/AidedSchool_AsOn0907201
4.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (https://www.schooleducatio view=article&id=58&Itemid=1&lang=en) from the original on 13
September 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
nharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/AidedSchool_AsOn09072014.
pdf) (PDF) on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017. 232. "Official website" (http://mamc.edu.in/). Maharaja Agrasen Medical
College. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072051/htt
222. "Haryana Education stats: Recognized unaided schools 2015-
p://mamc.edu.in/) from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved
2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171031023229/http://www.sch
27 May 2012.
ooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateRecog
nized16122016.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (https://www.s 233. "Under the Digital India initiative: Software Technology Park of
chooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateRec India" (http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-indi
ognized16122016.pdf) (PDF) on 31 October 2017. Retrieved a-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india-software-t
4 December 2017. echnology-park-in-panchkula-panchkula-news-under-the-digital-ind
ia-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india), The Indian Express,
223. "Haryana Education stats: list of unrecognized unaided schools,
28 February 2016, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160310
2015-2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171026051114/http://w
222254/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-indi
ww.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivat
a-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india-software-t
eUnrecognized16122016.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (htt
echnology-park-in-panchkula-panchkula-news-under-the-digital-ind
ps://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/Listof
ia-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india/) from the original on
PrivateUnrecognized16122016.pdf) (PDF) on 26 October 2017.
10 March 2016, retrieved 10 March 2016
Retrieved 4 December 2017.
234. "National Committee for Linguistic Minorities" (https://web.archive.or
224. Thakur, Bhartesh Singh (23 September 2019). "A first: Haryana has
more women than men pursuing higher education" (https://www.trib g/web/20171018191624/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM
47thReport.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (http://www.nclm.n
uneindia.com/news/haryana/a-first-haryana-has-more-women-than-
ic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf) (PDF) on 18 October
men-pursuing-higher-education/837137.html). The Tribune.
2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190925164158/https://ww
w.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/a-first-haryana-has-more-women- 235. "MizoramExpress.com is available at DomainMarket.com" (https://w
than-men-pursuing-higher-education/837137.html) from the original eb.archive.org/web/20101126160127/http://mizoramexpress.com/in
on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019. dex.php/2010/10/32-medal-winner-from-haryana-to-get-maruti-cars).
MizoramExpress.com is available at DomainMarket.com. Archived
from the original (https://www.domainmarket.com/buynow/mizorame
xpress.com) on 26 November 2010.
236. Official site for the 33rd National Games 2007, Guwahati (http://ww
w.33rdnationalgames.nic.in/medal_tally.htm) Archived (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20091019025637/http://www.33rdnationalgames.ni
c.in/medal_tally.htm) 19 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine
237. "Nahar Singh Stadium - India - Cricket Grounds - ESPN Cricinfo" (ht 239. News Details (https://web.archive.org/web/20170701072127/http://h
tp://content-www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58081.html). aryanacmoffice.gov.in/newsupdates/details/id/338), Office of Chief
ESPNcricinfo. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/200901040731 Minister of Haryana, archived from the original (http://haryanacmoffic
51/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58081.html) e.gov.in/newsupdates/details/id/338) on 1 July 2017, retrieved
from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2008. 1 December 2018
238. "Tau Devi Lal Cricket Stadium - India - Cricket Grounds - ESPN 240. GoH 2015, p. 27.
Cricinfo" (http://content-www.cricinfo.com/icl/content/ground/32195 241. Yadav, Bhupendra (31 October 2010). "Why Haryana is India's mine
7.html). ESPNcricinfo. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080 for medals" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/
608174232/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/icl/content/ground/3219 all-that-matters/Why-Haryana-is-Indias-mine-for-medals/articlesho
57.html) from the original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved 7 February w/6844460.cms). The Times of India. Archived (https://web.archive.
2008. org/web/20191216022235/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hom
e/sunday-times/all-that-matters/Why-Haryana-is-Indias-mine-for-me
dals/articleshow/6844460.cms) from the original on 16 December
2019. Retrieved 26 July 2020.

Sources
Haryana Sports and Physical Fitness Policy (https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020824/http://haryanasports.gov.in/pdf/sportspolicyeng.pd
f) (PDF), Government of Haryana, 12 January 2015, archived from the original (http://haryanasports.gov.in/pdf/sportspolicyeng.pdf) (PDF) on
17 November 2015, retrieved 13 November 2015
Atul Kumar Sinha; Abhay Kumar Singh, eds. (2007), Udayana New Horizons in History, Classics and Inter-Cultural studies (https://books.goog
le.com/books?id=d4VeYJdww2YC), Anamika Publishers, ISBN 978-81-7975-168-8
National Disaster Risk Reduction Portal - Haryana (https://web.archive.org/web/20160909120623/http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/Haryana.pdf)
(PDF), National Institute of Disaster Management, archived from the original (http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/Haryana.pdf) (PDF) on 9 September
2016, retrieved 12 November 2015
Sharma, Suresh K (2006). Haryana: Past and Present (https://books.google.com/books?id=VE71IqAC0YYC&q=haryana). New Delhi: Mittal
Publications. p. 763. ISBN 81-8324-046-1. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240328160106/https://books.google.com/books?id=VE71I
qAC0YYC&q=haryana) from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Khanna, C. L. (2008). Haryana General Knowledge (https://books.google.com/books?id=kF-iDEMnuyMC&q=haryana). Agra: Upkar
Prakashan. p. 75. ISBN 978-81-7482-383-0. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Yadav, Ram B. (2008). Folk Tales & Legends of Haryana (https://books.google.com/books?id=Ovqab_L5IaAC&q=haryana). Gurgaon:
Pinnacle Technology. p. 305. ISBN 978-81-7871-162-1. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Mittal, Satish Chandra (1986). Haryana, a Historical Perspective (https://books.google.com/books?id=2RKTigrrP1cC&q=haryana). New Delhi:
Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 183. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Singh, Mandeep; Kaur, Harvinder (2004). Economic Development of Haryana (https://books.google.com/books?id=DmY55VLeW7gC&q=hary
ana). New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications. p. 234. ISBN 81-7629-558-2. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Gandhi, Mahatma (1977). Gandhiji and Haryana: A collection of his speeches and writings pertaining to Haryana (https://books.google.com/bo
oks?id=KG0dAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana). Usha Publications. p. 158. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Phadke, H. A. (1990). Haryana, ancient and medieval (https://books.google.com/books?id=HxlIAAAAIAAJ&q=haryana). Harman Publishing
House. p. 256. ISBN 81-85151-34-2. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Singh, Chattar (2004). Social and economic change in Haryana (https://books.google.com/books?id=reTZAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana). National
Book Organisation. p. 252. ISBN 81-87521-10-4. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Yadav, Kripal Chandra (2002). Modern Haryana: History and culture, 1803–1966 (https://books.google.com/books?id=WmRuAAAAMAAJ&q=
haryana). Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 320. ISBN 81-7304-371-X. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Rai, Gulshan (1987). Formation of Haryana (https://books.google.com/books?id=lGYeAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana). B.R. Publishing Corporation.
p. 223. ISBN 81-7018-412-6. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Handa, Devendra (2004). Buddhist remains from Haryana (https://books.google.com/books?id=u1VuAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana). Sundeep
Prakashan. p. 97. ISBN 81-7574-153-8. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Haryana at a glance: Statistical overview & development indicators (https://books.google.com/books?id=JdTsAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana).
Jagran Research Centre. 2007. p. 157. ISBN 9788186821428. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Singh, Chander Pal (2003). Early medieval art of Haryana (https://books.google.com/books?id=L7ifAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana). Koshal Book
Depot. p. 168. ISBN 81-86049-07-X. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Handa, Devendra (2006). Sculptures from Haryana: Iconography and style (https://books.google.com/books?id=dfDVAAAAMAAJ&q=haryan
a). Indian Institute of Advanced Study. p. 286. ISBN 81-7305-307-3. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Journal of Haryana Studies (https://books.google.com/books?id=aFVuAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana). Kurukshetra: Kurukshetra University. 2008.
Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Harvey, Bill; Harvey, William; Devasar, Nikhil; Grewal, Bikram; Oriental Bird Club (2006). Atlas of the birds of Delhi and Haryana (https://books.
google.com/books?id=Y2cQAQAAMAAJ&q=haryana). Rupa & Co. p. 352. ISBN 81-291-0954-9. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Sarkar, Jadunath (1960). Military History of India (https://books.google.com/books?id=qoRDAAAAYAAJ). Orient Longmans. pp. 66–69.
ISBN 9780861251551.

External links
Government

The Official Site of the Government of Haryana (https://www.haryana.gov.in/)

Official Tourism Site of Haryana, India (http://haryanatourism.gov.in/)
Haryana Community website (https://www.haryana.com)

General information

Haryana (http://ucblibraries.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?ho=t&l=en&q=Haryana) web resources provided by GovPubs at the

University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
Haryana (https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/256424) at the Encyclopædia Britannica
 Haryana (https://curlie.org/Regional/Asia/India/Haryana) at Curlie
Wikimedia Atlas of Haryana
Geographic data related to Haryana (https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1942601) at OpenStreetMap

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haryana&oldid=1226805569"