Person Singular Plural Present Indefinite Tense (ता हैं, ती हैं, ते हैं)

1st I We Affirmative : Sub + V1 + (s/es - 3rd person sing.) + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + do/does + not + V1 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + do/does + sub + V1 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + do/does + sub + not + V1 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those
Last letter - ch,sh,ss,s,x,o
रीता एक मधुर गाना गाती हैं। Go + es = Goes
(Reeta ek madhur gaana gaati hai) Watch + es = Watches
Reeta sings a sweet song. Play = Plays Cry = Cries
Enjoy = Enjoys Dry = Dries
वह प्रतिदिन स्नान नहीं करता हैं।
(vah pratidin snan nahi karta hai)
He does not take bath everyday.
Person Singular Plural Present Indefinite Tense (ता हैं, ती हैं, ते हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + V1 + (s/es - 3rd person sing.) + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + do/does + not + V1 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + do/does + sub + V1 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + do/does + sub + not + V1 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those
Last letter - ch,sh,ss,s,x,o
क्या तुम रोज़ाना दिल्ली जाते हो। Go + es = Goes
(kya tum rajana Delhi jate ho) Watch + es = Watches
Do you go to Delhi everyday ? Play = Plays Cry = Cries
Enjoy = Enjoys Dry = Dries
तुम कहाँ रहते हों?
(tum kahan rahte ho)
Where do you live ?
Person Singular Plural Present Indefinite Tense (ता हैं, ती हैं, ते हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + V1 + (s/es - 3rd person sing.) + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + do/does + not + V1 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + do/does + sub + V1 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + do/does + sub + not + V1 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those
Last letter - ch,sh,ss,s,x,o
क्या मुके श मधुर गीत नहीं गाता हैं? Go + es = Goes
(kya Mukesh madhur geet nahi gaata hai) Watch + es = Watches
Does Mukesh not sing sweet song ? Play = Plays Cry = Cries
Enjoy = Enjoys Dry = Dries
तुम किसको नहीं पढ़ाना चाहते हों?
(tum kisko nahi padhana chahte ho)
Whom do you not want to teach ?
Person Singular Plural Present Indefinite Tense (ता हैं, ती हैं, ते हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + V1 + (s/es - 3rd person sing.) + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + do/does + not + V1 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + do/does + sub + V1 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + do/does + sub + not + V1 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those
Last letter - ch,sh,ss,s,x,o
मोहन पढ़ना चाहता हैं। Go + es = Goes
(Mohan padhna chahta hai) Watch + es = Watches
Mohan wants to read. Play = Plays Cry = Cries
Enjoy = Enjoys Dry = Dries
क्या तुम यह काम करना जानते हों?
(kya tum yah kaam karna jante ho)
Do you know how to do this work?
Person Singular Plural Present Continuous Tense (रहा हैं, रही हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + is/am/are + v4 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + is/am/are + not + V4 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + is/am/are + sub + V4 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + is/am/are + sub + not + V4 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

आसमान में सितारे चमक रहे हैं।(asaman me taare chamak rahe hai)
Stars are signing in the sky.
मेरे दोस्त मुझे पत्र नहीं लिख रहे हैं।(mere dost mujhe patra nahi likh rahe hai)
My friend are not writing letters to me.
क्या तुम दिल्ली जा रहे हो।(kya tum Delhi ja rahe ho)
Are you going to Delhi?.
Person Singular Plural Present Continuous Tense (रहा हैं, रही हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + is/am/are + v4 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + is/am/are + not + V4 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + is/am/are + sub + V4 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + is/am/are + sub + not + V4 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

क्या पक्षी आकाश में नहीं उड़ रहा है।(kya pakshi Aakash me nahi ud raha hai)
Are the birds not flying in the sky?
तुम कहाँ रह रहे हों?(tum kahan rah rahe ho)
Where are you living?
तुम अपने दांत साफ़ क्यों नहीं कर रहे हो?(tum apne dant saf kyu nahi kar rahe ho)
Why are you not cleaning your teeth?
Person Singular Plural Present Continuous Tense (रहा हैं, रही हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + is/am/are + v4 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + is/am/are + not + V4 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + is/am/are + sub + V4 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + is/am/are + sub + not + V4 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

मैं एक कार ख़रीदने जा रहा हूँ।(Mai ek car kharidne ja raha hu)

I am going to buy a car.
मैं कल एक कार ख़रीद रहा हूँ।(main kal ek car kharid raha hun)
I am buying a car tomorrow.
वह सोमवार को नहीं आ रही हैं।(vah somvar ko nahi aa rahi hai)
She is not coming on Monday.
Person Singular Plural Present Perfect Tense (चुका हैं, चुकी हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + has/have + v3 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + has/have + not + V3 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + has/have + sub + V3 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + has/have + sub + not + V3 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

हम फ़िल्म देख चुके हैं।(hum film dekh chuke hai)

We have watched the movie.
वे हॉकी नहीं खेल चुके हैं।(ve hocky nahi khel chuke ho)
They have not played the hockey.
क्या लड़के मैदान में खेल चुके हैं।(kya ladke maidan me khel chuke hai)
Have the boys played in the field?
Person Singular Plural Present Perfect Tense (चुका हैं, चुकी हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + has/have + v3 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + has/have + not + V3 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + has/have + sub + V3 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + has/have + sub + not + V3 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

क्या रोहन गाना नहीं गाया हैं?(kya rohan gaana nahi gaaya hai)
Has Rohan sung a song?
ये लड़के स्कू ल कब जा चुके हैं?(ye ladke school kab ja chuke hai)
When have these boys gone to school?
वह यहाँ क्यों आ चुकी हैं?(vah yahan kyu aa chuki hai)
Why has she not come here?
Person Singular Plural Present Perfect Tense (चुका हैं, चुकी हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + has/have + v3 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + has/have + not + V3 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + has/have + sub + V3 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + has/have + sub + not + V3 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

आपने क्या किया हैं?(aapne kya kiya hai)

What have you done?
राम ने ऐसा क्यों किया हैं?(ram ne aisa kyu kiya hai)
Why has Ram done so?
उसने कभी धूम्रपान नहीं किया हैं।(usne drompan nahi kiya hai)
He has never smoked.
Person Singular Plural Present Perfect Cont. Tense (से रहा हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + has/have + been + v4 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + has/have + not + been + V4 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative :{Wh} + has/have + been + sub + V4 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + has/have + been + sub + not + V4 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

वह दो घंटे से Cricket खेल रहा है।(vah 2 ghante se cricket khel raha hai)
He has been playing cricket for two hours.
हम दो दिन से बाज़ार नहीं जा रहे हैं।(hum 2 din se bazar nahi ja rahe hai)
We have not been going to market for two days.
क्या वह सुबह से मेरी सहायता कर रहा है।(kya vah subah se meri sahayta kar raha hai
Has he been helping me since morning?
For :-किसी बीते समय की अवधि से (For a period/duration of time)
For 2 seconds/2 minutes/2 hours/2 days/2 weeks/2 months/2 years...
For a long/For a long time/ For a while / For a short while
For many days/For many hours/For many years, For many centuries....
For few seconds/For few minutes / For few hours/For few days...

Since :- किसी बीते निश्चित समय से (Since a point in time in the past)
Since 4o’ clock / 4AM
Since 1998/2002/2020...
Since (the) morning/evening/afternoon / night
Since yesterday/day before yesterday/birthday/anniversary/that day....
Since Sunday, Monday, Tuesday
Person Singular Plural Present Perfect Cont. Tense (से रहा हैं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + has/have + been + v4 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + has/have + not + been + V4 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative :{Wh} + has/have + sub + been + V4 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + has/have + sub + not + been+ V4 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

क्या वह एक महीने से पैसे नहीं कमा रहा है।(kya vah 1 mahine se paise nahi kama raha hai)

Has he not been earning money for a month?

वह सुबह से नाश्ता क्यों तैयार कर रही हैं?(vah subah se nashta kyu taiyar kar raha hai)

Why has she been preparing the breakfast since morning?

वे 2015 से मेरे साथ क्यों बात नहीं कर रहा है।(ve 2015 se mere sath kyu baat nhi kar raha hai)

Why have they not been talking with me since 2015.

 Past indefinite Tense (किया, गया लिया, ता था)
तुमने पत्र लिखा।
Affirmative : Sub + v2 + Obj
(tumne patra likha)
Negative : Sub + did + not + V1 + Obj

You wrote a letter. Interrogative : {Wh} + did + sub + V1 + Obj ?

Neg Int :
You did not write a letter. {Wh} + did + sub + not + V1 + Obj ?

Did you write a letter?

Did you not write a letter?
Whom did you write a letter?
Whom did you not write a letter?
 (ती थी, ते थे, ता था) Past indefinite Tense (किया, गया लिया, ता था)
Action verb Used to, Would Affirmative : Sub + v2 + Obj

(Go,Play, come) Negative : Sub + did + not + V1 + Obj

Non Action verb Past indefinite Interrogative : {Wh} + did + sub + V1 + Obj ?
(Like,Listen,want) Used to, Would Neg Int : {Wh} + did + sub + not + V1 + Obj ?

मोहन पढ़ना चाहता था।(Mohan padhna chahta tha)

Mohan wanted to study.
वह ध्रुमपान किया करता था।(vah dhurmpan kiya karta tha)
He used to smoke.
वह 2 साल से ध्रुमपान किया करता था।(vah 2 saal se dhurmpan kiya karta tha)
He used to smoke for 2 years.
Person Singular Plural Past Continuous Tense (रहा था, रही थीं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + was/were + v4 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + was/were + not + V4 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + was/were + sub + V4 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + was/were + sub + not + V4 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

हम कल टहल रहे थे।(hum kal tahal rahe the)

We were walking yesterday.
हम गाना नहीं गा रहे थे।(hum gaana nahi gaa rahe the)
We were not singing a song.
क्या सीता बाहर जा रही थीं।(kya Seeta bahar ja rahi thi)
Was Sita going out?
Person Singular Plural Past Continuous Tense (रहा था, रही थीं)
1st I We Affirmative : Sub + was/were + v4 + Obj

You You Negative : Sub + was/were + not + V4 + Obj

2nd
He,She,It,ThisThat, They, We, You Interrogative : {Wh} + was/were + sub + V4 + Obj ?
3rd
Neg Int : {Wh} + was/were + sub + not + V4 + Obj ?
Singular noun These, Those

क्या कल वर्षा नहीं हो रही थी।(kya kal varsha nahi ho rahi thi)
Was it not raining yesterday?
आज तुम क्या खा रहे थे।(aaj tum kya kha rahe the)
What were you eating today?
तुम फ़ोन क्यों नहीं चला रहे थे।(tum phone kyu nahi chala rahe the)
Why were you not using the phones?
मोहन घर जा चुका था। Past Perfect Tense (चुका था, चुकी थीं)
(Mohan ghar ja chuka tha) Affirmative : Sub + had + v3+ Obj
Negative : Sub + had + not + V3 + Obj
Mohan had gone to home.
Interrogative : {Wh} + had + sub + V3 + Obj ?
Mohan had not gone to home. Neg Int : {Wh} + had + sub + not + V3 + Obj ?

Had Mohan gone to home?

Had Mohan not gone to home?

When had Mohan gone to home?

When had Mohan not gone to home?

 Past Perfect Tense (चुका था, चुकी थीं)
Past perfect——> Affirmative : Sub + had + v3+ Obj

Past indefinite Negative : Sub + had + not + V3 + Obj

Interrogative : {Wh} + had + sub + V3 + Obj ?
Neg Int : {Wh} + had + sub + not + V3 + Obj ?

गाड़ी खुलने के बाद मैं स्टेशन पहुँच।(gaadi khulne ke baad main station pahuncha)
I reached the station after the train had started.
जब वे गये तो सूरज अस्त हो चुका था।(jab ve gaye to suraj ast ho chuka tha)
The sun had set when they left.
पुलिस के आने से पहले चोर भाग चुका था।(police ke aane se pahle chor bhag chuka tha)
The thief had gone before the police came.
कल से लगातार वर्षा हो रही थीं।
Past Perfect cont. Tense (से रहा था, रही थीं)
(kal se lagatar varsha ho rahi thi) Affirmative : Sub + had + been + v4+ Obj
Negative : Sub + had +not + been + V4 + Obj
It had been raining
Interrogative : {Wh} + had + sub + been + V4+ Obj ?
continuously since yesterday. Neg Int : {Wh} + had + sub + not + been + V4+ Obj ?

It had not been raining continuously since yesterday.

Had It been raining continuously since yesterday?

Had It not been raining continuously since yesterday?

Why had It been raining continuously since yesterday?

Why had It not been raining continuously since yesterday?

 Future indefinite Tense (गा, गे, गी )
मैं घर जाऊँ गा।
(main ghar jaunga) Affirmative : Sub + will/shall + v1 + Obj
Negative : Sub + shall/will + not + V1 + Obj
I shall go home.
Interrogative : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + + V1 + Obj ?

I shall not go home. Neg Int : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + not + V1+ Obj ?

Shall I go home?

Shall I not go home?

Why shall I go home?

Why shall I not go home?

 Future indefinite Tense (गा, गे, गी )
तुम मुझे ज़िंदगी भर याद करोगे।
tum mujhe zindagi bhar yaad Affirmative : Sub + will/shall + v1 + Obj

karoge) Negative : Sub + shall/will+ not + V1 + Obj

You will remember me Interrogative : {Wh} + shall/will + sub +V1 + Obj ?

whole life. Neg Int : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + not + V1+ Obj ?

You will not remember me whole life.

Will you remember me whole life?

Will you not remember me whole life?

Why will you remember me whole life?

Why will you not remember me whole life?

 Future continuous Tense (रहा होगा, होगी)
नेहा सो रही होगी।
(Neha so rahi hogi) Affirmative : Sub + will/shall + v4 + Obj
Negative : Sub + shall/will + not +be+ V4 + Obj
Neha will be sleeping. Interrogative : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + be + V4 + Obj ?
Neg Int : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + not +be+ V4 +Obj ?
Neha will not be sleeping.

will Neha be sleeping?

Will Neha not be sleeping?

Since when will neha be sleeping?

Since when will Neha not be sleeping?

 Future continuous Tense (रहा होगा, होगी)
तुम परीक्षा दे रहे होगे।
(tum pariksha de rahe hoge) Affirmative : Sub + will/shall + v4 + Obj
Negative : Sub + shall/will +not +be+ V4 + Obj
You will be taking the Interrogative : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + be + V4 + Obj ?
examination. Neg Int : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + not +be+ V4 +Obj ?

You will not be taking the examination.

will you be taking the examination?

will you not be taking the examination?

Why will you be taking the examination?

Why will you not be taking the examination?

 Future perfect Tense (चुका होगा, होगी)
वह अपना होमवर्क पूरा कर चूके गा। Affirmative : Sub + will/shall + have + v3 + Obj
(vah apna homework pura kar chukega)
Negative : Sub + shall/will + not +have+ V3+ Obj
She will have completed Interrogative : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + have+ V3+ Obj ?
her homework. Neg Int : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + not +have +V3+Obj ?

She will not have completed her homework.

Will she have completed her homework?

Will she not have completed her homework?

How long Will she have completed her homework?

How long Will she not have completed her homework?

 Future perfect cont. Tense (से रहा होगा, होगी)
वह दो बजे से काम कर रहा होगा। Affirmative : Sub + will/shall + have +been + v4+ Obj
(vah 2 baje se kaam kar raha hoga)
Negative : Sub + shall/will + not +have+been+V4+Obj

He will have been working Interrogative : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + have +been+ V4+ Obj ?
from 2 o’clock. Neg Int : {Wh} + shall/will + sub + not +have +been+V4 +Obj ?

He will not have been working from 2 o’clock.

Will he have been working from 2 o’clock?

Will he not have been working from 2 o’clock?

Why will he have been working from 2 o’clock?

Why will he not have been working from 2 o’clock?