United States

Department of
Agriculture

Foreign
Agricultural
World Agricultural
Service

Circular Series
Production
WAP 01-25
January 2025

China Cotton: Production Increased Due to Higher Projected Harvested Area and Yield

USDA estimates China’s marketing year (MY) 2024/25 cotton production at 30.0 million 480-
pound bales up 1.8 million bales or 6 percent from last month, almost 10 percent or 2.7 million
bales from last year, and 6 percent from the 5-year average of 28.2 million bales. Area is estimated
at 2.9 million hectares (mha), up almost 2 percent from last month and last year, but down 4 percent
from the 5-year average of 3.02 mha. Yield is estimated at a record 2,252 kilograms per hectare
(kg/ha), up 5 percent from last month, 8 percent from last year and 11 percent from the 5-year
average of 2,034 kg/ha. Yield is significantly above the long-term trend as cotton area has shifted
to the highly mechanized Xinjiang province, where yield is nearly double that of elsewhere in the
country. Over 90 percent of China cotton is now produced in Xinjiang province. According to the
Xinjiang Provincial Statistics Department, approximately 41 percent of cotton is produced by
Xinjiang Production and Construction Engineering Corp and 59 percent is produced by the Local
Cooperative System.

Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board

 The typical cotton growing season is April to October. In Xinjiang planting starts in April while
in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, planting begins in late April and extends through
May. The satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) showed that crop
conditions over the main cotton growing areas during the season were exceptionally favorable.
The observations were also supported by a combination of national and regional crop condition
analyses from FAS/Beijing. The MY 2024/25 season was generally characterized by favorable
weather conditions and adequate irrigation water availability. In Xinjiang these conditions
facilitated rapid planting, early crop establishment and development. The conditions were
sustained into harvest resulting in record yields.

The year-to-year estimated 2 percent harvested area increase was primarily due to marginal area
expansion in the major cotton producing province of Xinjiang. Farmers were also encouraged by
the government’s continuation of the target price-based cotton subsidy. Regions outside Xinjiang
continued to experience larger area reductions especially in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins.
(For more information, please contact Dath.Mita@usda.gov.)

Australia Cotton: Harvested Area and Production Up Due to Favorable Weather at Planting

USDA forecasts Australia cotton production for marketing year 2024/25 at 5.4 million 480 lb.
bales, up 8 percent from last month, 8 percent from last year and 34 percent above the 5-year
average. Harvested area is forecasted at 600,000 hectares, up 9 percent from last month, 19 percent
from last year and 41 percent above the 5-year average. Yield is forecasted at 1,960 kilograms per
hectare, down 1 percent from last month, 9 percent from last year and 7 percent below the 5-year
average.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Roughly 86 percent of the cotton grown in Australia utilizes irrigation for the water source. The
other 14 percent is a dryland crop which is dependent on seasonal rainfall at the beginning of the
season, thus leading to a variation from year to year in the amount of dryland cotton that is planted.
Abundant rainfall in November 2024 led to increased water storage in the reservoirs for the
irrigated cotton crop, as well as adequate soil moisture resulting in favorable conditions for
planting the dryland cotton crop. These factors have encouraged farmers to plant more cotton.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Cotton and sorghum are the two dominant summer crops grown in eastern Australia,
predominantly in New South Wales and Queensland. Cotton planting starts in October and
continues into early December. Harvest begins in March and typically ends by the end of April.
(For more information, please contact Shannon.Moyo@usda.gov.)

Pakistan Cotton: Production Revised Due to Lower Arrivals

Pakistan cotton production for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 is estimated at 5.2 million 480-pound
bales, down 26 percent from last year. The harvested area is estimated at 2.0 million hectares,
down nearly 17 percent from MY 2023/24. The 17 percent area decline is due to farmers planting
more profitable crops such as rice and corn. Cotton production is revised lower because of 33
percent lower arrivals. Yield is estimated at 566 kilograms per hectare, down nearly 11 percent
from last year. The decline is due to less-than-ideal growing conditions, such as heatwaves at
planting and wet conditions impacting growing conditions and harvest.

Cotton is planted from April through June and harvested from August through December. (For
more information, please contact Arnella.Trent@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 India Rapeseed: Production Forecast Down Due to Lower Area Planted

USDA forecasts rapeseed production for the marketing year (MY) 2024/25 at 11.6 million metric
tons, down 4 percent from last month and unchanged from last year. The harvested area is
forecasted at 8.9 million hectares, down nearly 4 percent from last month and last year due to
farmers planting more profitable crops such as rice. Yield is forecast at 1.30 tons per hectare, up 4
percent from last year.

According to the India Ministry of Agriculture’s press report, published December 30, 2024, 8.85
million hectares were planted, down 6 percent from the same period last year.

Rapeseed is grown only in the rabi season. It is planted in late October until January and harvested
in March. Currently, the rapeseed crop is at the vegetative stage. Flowering is expected between
the end of February and early March. (For more information, please contact
Arnella.Trent@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Russia Corn: Rosstat Releases its Preliminary 2024 Estimates

Russia corn production for marketing year 2024/25 is estimated at 13.3 million metric tons (mmt),
up 2 percent from last month, but down 20 percent from last year and 13 percent from the 5-year
average. Total corn yield is estimated at 5.10 tons per hectare (t/ha), down 2 percent from last
month, 26 percent from last year, and 12 percent from the 5-year average. Total harvested area is
estimated at 2.6 million hectares (mha), up 4 percent from last month and 8 percent from last year,
but down 1 percent relative to the 5-year average.

In late December, Russia’s Statistical Agency (Rosstat) released its preliminary numbers for all
major crops harvested in 2024. This season, Russia’s main corn producing regions faced a lack of
adequate precipitation and excessive heat throughout the entire growing season. As a result, crop
vigor remained consistently below average resulting into lower-than-normal crop yield, which
agrees with Rosstat’s preliminary yield estimate for corn. As clarified in the report, the data do not
reflect the Donetsk People's Republic, Lugansk People's Republic, Zaporozhye and Kherson
regions. Rosstat’s final 2024 numbers are expected to be released in early spring. (For more
information, please contact Iliana.Mladenova@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Argentina Corn: Production Unchanged as Planting Nears End

Argentina corn production for marketing year 2024/25 is forecast at 51.0 million metric tons,
unchanged from last month, and up 2 percent from last year. Corn yield is forecast at 7.97 tons per
hectare (t/ha), unchanged from last month, and up 12 percent from last year’s yield. Harvested area
is forecast at 6.4 million hectares, unchanged from last month, and down 9 percent from last year.

Bolsa Cereales Buenos Aires published an updated planted area forecast of 6.6 mha, up from 6.3
mha. Abandonment for corn is about 3 percent on average and USDA publishes harvested area.
This summer crop season is unique as many farmers are altering normal crop rotations due to
expected continued issues of the leafhopper insect, or chicharrita, which causes corn stunt disease.
As of the end of December, corn planting is about 87 percent complete, and planting will continue
through January. Argentina farmers planted more early-planted corn this year (corn planted prior
to December 1st) than in previous years, because early-planted corn largely missed the chicharrita
infestation last year. Late-planted corn area diminished significantly in the central and northern
regions, which were the areas most impacted by the infestation last year. There was sufficient
moisture during early corn planting and establishment, but conditions have dried out towards the
end of December. Conditions are normally drier during the summer months, but additional
moisture will benefit the crop. (For more information, please contact
Katie.McGaughey@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Australia Sorghum: Harvested Area and Production Down from Last Year

USDA forecasts Australia sorghum production for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 at 2.1 million
metric tons (mmt), down 13 percent from last month and 5 percent from last year, but up 10 percent
from the 5-year average. Harvested area is forecasted at 570,000 hectares, down 5 percent from
last month and last year, yet 6 percent above the 5-year average. Yield is forecasted at 3.68 tons
per hectare, down 8 percent from last month, slightly up from last year and 11 percent above the
5-year average.

Sorghum is mainly planted in the eastern Australia states of Queensland and New South Wales.
This region benefited from abundant November 2024 rains which boosted soil moisture levels and
created favorable conditions for planting. However, as reported by the Australian Bureau of
Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) in the December 2024 report,
there was a decline in sorghum area due to the large winter crops which overlap with sorghum-
growing regions, specifically barley, wheat and canola. Additionally, cotton is the other dominant
summer crop along with sorghum that benefited from the favorable rainfall, and it is possible that
some farmers chose to plant cotton over sorghum this year.

Sorghum can be planted from September through the end of January and the main harvest typically
begins by early March and goes through June. (For more information, please contact
Shannon.Moyo@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Agricultural Production
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service / Global Market Analysis
International Production Assessment Division (IPAD)
GMA/IPAD Room 5071, South Building
1400 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20250-1051
https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/

This report uses information from the Foreign Agricultural Service’s (FAS) global network of
agricultural attachés and counselors, official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign
source materials, and the analysis of economic data and satellite imagery. Estimates of foreign
area, yield, and production are from the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD),
FAS, and are reviewed by USDA’s Inter-Agency Commodity Estimates Committee. Estimates of
U.S. area, yield, and production are from USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.
Numbers within the report may not add to totals because of rounding. This report reflects official
USDA estimates released in the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE-
584), January 10, 2025.

The FAS International Production Assessment Division prepared this report. The next issue of
World Agricultural Production will be released after 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time, February 11,
2025.

Conversion Table

Metric tons to bushels

Wheat, soybeans = MT * 36.7437

Corn, sorghum, rye = MT * 39.36825
Barley = MT * 45.929625
Oats = MT * 68.894438

Metric tons to 480-lb bales

Cotton = MT * 4.592917

Metric tons to hundredweight

Rice = MT * 22.04622

Area & weight

1 hectare = 2.471044 acres
1 kilogram = 2.204622 pounds

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 For further information, contact:
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service
Global Market Analysis
International Production Assessment Division
GMA/IPAD Room 5071, South Building
1400 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20250-1051

GENERAL INFORMATION

Senior Director Ronald Frantz 202-720-4056 ronald.frantz@usda.gov

Director Robert Tetrault 202-720-1071 robert.tetrault@usda.gov
USDA Remote Sensing Advisor Vacant
Sr. Analyst/Technical Lead Curt Reynolds, Ph.D. 202-690-0134 curt.reynolds@usda.gov
Sr. Analyst/ Satellite Imagery Dath Mita, Ph.D. 202-720-7339 dath.mita@usda.gov
Archives Manager/Technical Lead
Sr. Analyst/Technical Lead Vacant
GIS Mapping/Imagery Analyst Lisa Colson 202-720-6652 lisa.colson@usda.gov
WAP Coordinators Shannon Moyo 771-221-5973 shannon.moyo@usda.gov
Vacant

ANALYSIS REGIONS ANALYST CONTACT INFORMATION

Brazil Aaron Mulhollen 202-690-0131 aaron.mulhollen@usda.gov

South America (except Brazil), and Katie McGaughey 202-720-9210 katie.mcgaughey@usda.gov

Central Asia

Europe, North Africa, and Middle East Bryan Purcell 202-690-0138 bryan.purcell@usda.gov

India, Pakistan, and South Asia Arnella Trent 202-720-0881 arnella.trent@usda.gov

China and East Asia Dath Mita, Ph.D. 202-720-7339 dath.mita@usda.gov

South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa Curt Reynolds, Ph.D. 202-690-0134 curt.reynolds@usda.gov

Indonesia and Southeast Asia Justin Jenkins 202-720-0419 justin.jenkins@usda.gov

Mexico and Central America Lisa Colson 202-720-6652 lisa.colson@usda.gov

Canada, Caribbean, and Australia Shannon Moyo 771-221-5973 shannon.moyo@usda.gov

Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Iliana Mladenova, Ph.D. 202-690-2315 iliana.mladenova@usda.gov

and Belarus

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD)
database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply
and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.

FAS Reports and Databases:

World Agricultural Production

Current: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/world-agricultural-production
Archive: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/5q47rn72z?locale=en
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) publishes a monthly report on crop acreage, yield and production in major
countries worldwide. Sources include reporting from FAS’s worldwide offices, official statistics of foreign
governments, and analysis of economic data and satellite imagery. The reports reflect official USDA estimates
released in the monthly World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE).

World Markets and Trade

Current: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data
Archive:
https://usda.library.cornell.edu/catalog?f%5Bmember_of_collections_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Foreign+Agricultural+Se
rvice&locale=en
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) publishes monthly and quarterly reports which include data on U.S. and
global trade, production, consumption and stocks, as well as analysis of developments affecting world trade in
oilseeds, grains, cotton, livestock and poultry. The reports reflect official USDA estimates released in the monthly
World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE).

Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN)

https://gain.fas.usda.gov/
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides timely reports on foreign markets through the Global
Agriculture Information Network (GAIN) database. An average of 2,000 reports are added each year, with reports
going back to 1995. GAIN reports are compiled by FAS’ global market intelligence network, which includes FAS
foreign service officers and locally engaged staff in over 90 overseas offices world-wide. They provide on-the-ground
intelligence, insight, and analysis on nearly 200 countries, delivering information on foreign agricultural markets, crop
conditions, and agro-political dynamics of interest to U.S. agriculture. GAIN reports contain assessments of
commodity and trade issues made by USDA staff and are not necessarily statements of official U.S. government
policy.
Production, Supply and Distribution (PS&D) Online
https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/home
PSD Online is the public repository for USDA’s Official Production, Supply and Distribution forecast data and reports
for key agricultural commodities. PSD Online data are reviewed and updated monthly by an interagency committee
chaired by USDA’s World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB). The committee consist of representatives from
Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), the Economic Research Service (ERS), the Farm Service Agency (FSA), and the
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS).

EU Countries and Russia Wheat: Area and Production Estimates

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/downloads (click on PSD Datasets)
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides country-level area and production estimates for the nations of
the European Union. For Russia, country-level area and production estimates are provided for Winter and Spring
wheat. These datasets are reviewed and updated monthly by an interagency committee chaired by USDA’s World
Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) and can be downloaded through PSD datasets on PSD Online.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 FAS Reports and Databases:

International Production Assessment (IPAD)

https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) maintains a dynamic global crop production portal with key information
including World Agricultural Production (WAP) briefs, Commodity Intelligence Reports (CIR), geospatial
applications, crop production maps at a subnational level and crop calendars for the top-20 producing countries.
Additionally, Crop Explorer (https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/) displays rainfall, temperature,
evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snow cover, and vegetation conditions in charts and maps.

USDA and NASA Global Agricultural Monitoring (GLAM)

https://glam1.gsfc.nasa.gov/
The USDA and NASA Global Agricultural Monitoring (GLAM) system provides near real-time and science quality
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from
the satellites Terra and Aqua. The public can view and retrieve MODIS 8-day composited, global NDVI satellite
imagery and time series data. GLAM was developed by NASA’s Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies
(GIMMS) group for USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service.

Global Agricultural and Disaster Assessment System (GADAS)

https://geo.fas.usda.gov/GADAS/index.html
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides the Global Agricultural and Disaster Assessment System
(GADAS), a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) tool which integrates a vast array of highly detailed
earth observation data streams, particularly targeted towards agricultural and disaster assessment analysis. GADAS is
an interactive website which provides analysts with a wide variety of routine geospatial products (maps, charts, tables)
they require for comprehensive situational investigations and recurring assessments.

Export Sales Reporting

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/esrquery/
USDA’s Export Sales Reporting Program monitors U.S. agricultural export sales on a daily and weekly basis. Export
sales reporting provides a constant stream of up-to-date market information for 40 U.S. agricultural commodities sold
abroad. The weekly U.S. Export Sales report is the most currently available source of U.S. exports sales data. The data
is used to analyze overall levels of export demand, determine where markets exit, and assess the relative position of
U.S. commodities in foreign markets.

Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS)

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/default.aspx
The Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS) is a searchable database containing monthly U.S. Census Bureau trade
data organized by agricultural commodity and agricultural related product groups. Trade data is searchable by partner
countries and partner groups. Historical U.S. agricultural trade data is available back to 1967. In addition, U.N. trade
statistics (UN Comtrade) may be queried through GATS. UN trade data is available for nearly 200 countries or areas,
dating from the inception of the Harmonized System (HS) of trade codes in 1989 to present. The database is
continuously updated. U.S. trade data is updated monthly according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s reporting system.
UN Comtrade data are updated in GATS after nationally submitted data to the UN are standardized by the UN
Statistical Division and added to the UN Comtrade database.

Other USDA Reports:

World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE):
http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/
Economic Research Service:
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops
National Agricultural Statistics Service:
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 01 World Crop Production Summary
Million Metric Tons
World Total North North North Former Former Europea Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia South South Selected Selected Selected All
- Foreign America America America Soviet Soviet n (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) America America Other Other Other Others
Commodity
none none United Canada Mexico Russia Ukraine none China India Indo- Paki- Thai- Argen- Brazil Aus- South Turkey none
- - States - - - - - - - nesia stan land tina - tralia Africa - -

---Million metric tons---

Wheat
2022/23 789.9 745.0 44.9 34.8 3.6 92.0 21.5 nr 137.7 104.0 0.0 26.2 0.0 12.6 10.6 40.5 2.1 17.3 242.1
2023/24 prel. 791.0 741.9 49.1 32.9 3.5 91.5 23.0 nr 136.6 110.6 0.0 28.2 0.0 15.9 8.1 26.0 2.1 21.0 242.7
2024/25 proj.
Dec 792.9 739.3 53.7 35.0 2.6 81.5 22.9 nr 140.0 113.3 0.0 31.4 0.0 17.5 8.1 32.0 2.0 19.0 234.0
Jan 793.2 739.6 53.7 35.0 2.6 81.5 22.9 nr 140.1 113.3 0.0 31.6 0.0 17.5 8.1 32.0 2.0 19.0 234.1

Coarse Grains
2022/23 1,455.5 1,099.0 356.4 30.5 33.9 44.1 33.9 nr 285.9 56.8 12.4 11.3 5.4 43.9 143.5 18.8 17.5 14.8 346.2
2023/24 prel. 1,506.5 1,103.6 402.9 27.5 28.8 42.5 39.8 nr 297.4 57.2 12.7 10.2 5.4 58.4 127.8 14.4 13.9 17.0 350.5
2024/25 proj.
Dec 1,499.1 1,101.8 397.3 27.5 29.1 34.5 33.2 nr 300.6 57.6 12.8 9.8 5.5 60.3 133.5 15.8 17.6 14.7 349.5
Jan 1,494.3 1,103.4 390.9 27.5 29.1 34.0 33.2 nr 303.5 57.6 12.8 9.8 5.5 60.3 133.5 15.5 17.6 14.7 349.0

Rice, Milled
2022/23 516.7 511.6 5.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 nr 145.9 135.8 33.9 7.3 20.9 0.8 6.8 0.4 0.0 0.6 158.5
2023/24 prel. 522.6 515.7 6.9 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 nr 144.6 137.8 33.0 9.9 20.0 0.8 7.2 0.4 0.0 0.5 160.5
2024/25 proj.
Dec 533.7 526.7 7.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 nr 146.0 145.0 34.0 10.0 20.1 1.0 8.0 0.3 0.0 0.6 160.8
Jan 532.9 525.8 7.1 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 nr 145.3 145.0 34.0 10.0 20.1 1.0 8.0 0.3 0.0 0.6 160.6

Total Grains
2022/23 2,762.1 2,355.7 406.4 65.3 37.6 136.7 55.4 nr 569.6 296.5 46.3 44.9 26.3 57.2 160.9 59.8 19.6 32.7 746.8
2023/24 prel. 2,820.1 2,361.2 458.9 60.5 32.4 134.7 62.8 nr 578.6 305.5 45.7 48.3 25.4 75.0 143.1 40.9 16.0 38.6 753.8
2024/25 proj.
Dec 2,825.8 2,367.8 457.9 62.5 31.8 116.8 56.1 nr 586.6 315.9 46.8 51.2 25.6 78.7 149.6 48.1 19.6 34.2 744.4
Jan 2,820.4 2,368.8 451.6 62.5 31.8 116.3 56.1 nr 588.8 315.9 46.8 51.4 25.6 78.7 149.6 47.8 19.6 34.2 743.7

Oilseeds
2022/23 638.2 512.4 125.8 25.5 0.9 26.6 19.8 nr 68.7 42.3 14.7 2.7 1.0 31.5 166.9 9.8 3.8 4.0 94.3
2023/24 prel. 657.0 534.9 122.2 26.3 0.6 28.1 25.5 nr 68.6 41.4 13.9 3.8 1.1 54.2 158.8 7.3 2.8 3.1 99.4
2024/25 proj.
Dec 683.4 552.2 131.2 26.4 0.6 28.6 23.3 nr 68.3 43.5 15.0 3.1 1.1 58.2 175.8 7.0 3.9 3.2 94.3
Jan 680.4 551.9 128.5 26.4 0.6 28.3 23.3 nr 69.0 43.0 15.0 2.9 1.1 58.2 175.8 7.1 3.9 3.2 94.2

Cotton
2022/23 116.3 101.8 14.5 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.6 30.8 26.3 0.0 3.9 0.0 1.2 11.7 5.8 0.1 4.9 14.0
2023/24 prel. 113.0 100.9 12.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.0 27.4 25.4 0.0 7.0 0.0 1.7 14.6 5.0 0.1 3.2 14.8
2024/25 proj.
Dec 117.4 103.1 14.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.3 28.2 25.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 1.8 16.9 5.0 0.1 4.0 14.6
Jan 119.4 105.0 14.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.3 30.0 25.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 1.8 16.9 5.4 0.1 4.0 14.6

1/ Includes wheat, coarse grains, and rice (milled) shown above.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 02 Wheat Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 219.64 222.93 222.18 222.24 3.60 3.55 3.57 3.57 789.89 791.02 792.95 793.24 0.29 0.04 2.22 0.28
United States 14.36 15.01 15.57 15.57 3.13 3.27 3.45 3.45 44.90 49.10 53.65 53.65 0.00 0.00 4.56 9.28
Total Foreign 205.28 207.93 206.62 206.67 3.63 3.57 3.58 3.58 744.99 741.93 739.30 739.59 0.29 0.04 -2.34 -0.32
none
European Union 24.44 24.34 22.83 22.83 5.50 5.55 5.31 5.31 134.49 135.10 121.30 121.30 0.00 0.00 -13.80 -10.21
United Kingdom 1.81 1.72 1.40 1.40 8.57 8.13 7.89 7.89 15.54 13.98 11.05 11.05 0.00 0.00 -2.93 -20.96
Serbia 0.62 0.73 0.63 0.63 5.32 4.69 4.80 4.80 3.30 3.40 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -11.76
China 23.52 23.63 23.70 23.59 5.86 5.78 5.91 5.94 137.72 136.59 140.00 140.10 0.10 0.07 3.51 2.57
South Asia
India 30.46 31.40 31.83 31.83 3.41 3.52 3.56 3.56 104.00 110.55 113.29 113.29 0.00 0.00 2.74 2.48
Pakistan 8.98 9.03 9.63 9.73 2.92 3.12 3.26 3.24 26.21 28.16 31.40 31.58 0.18 0.58 3.42 12.15
Afghanistan 1.86 2.35 2.30 2.30 2.05 2.20 2.26 2.26 3.80 5.17 5.20 5.20 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.58
Nepal 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 2.98 2.90 2.92 2.92 2.15 2.09 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.48
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 29.00 28.83 28.00 28.00 3.17 3.17 2.91 2.91 92.00 91.50 81.50 81.50 0.00 0.00 -10.00 -10.93
Russia Winter 16.30 15.27 15.80 15.80 4.17 4.19 3.64 3.64 68.00 64.00 57.50 57.50 0.00 0.00 -6.50 -10.16
Russia Spring 12.70 13.56 12.20 12.20 1.89 2.03 1.97 1.97 24.00 27.50 24.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 -3.50 -12.73
Ukraine 5.60 5.01 5.20 5.20 3.84 4.59 4.40 4.40 21.50 23.00 22.90 22.90 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -0.43
Kazakhstan 12.81 13.13 13.00 13.00 1.28 0.92 1.38 1.38 16.40 12.11 18.00 18.00 0.00 0.00 5.89 48.63
Uzbekistan 1.26 1.40 1.30 1.30 4.99 4.62 5.15 5.15 6.27 6.46 6.70 6.70 0.00 0.00 0.24 3.68
Belarus 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.69 3.48 3.38 3.80 3.80 2.35 2.30 2.60 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.30 13.04
Canada 10.10 10.70 10.65 10.65 3.45 3.08 3.28 3.28 34.81 32.95 34.96 34.96 0.00 0.00 2.01 6.11
South America
Argentina 5.50 5.58 6.00 6.00 2.28 2.84 2.92 2.92 12.55 15.85 17.50 17.50 0.00 0.00 1.65 10.41
Brazil 3.09 3.47 3.00 3.00 3.42 2.33 2.70 2.70 10.55 8.10 8.10 8.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04
Australia 13.05 12.37 13.00 13.00 3.11 2.10 2.46 2.46 40.55 25.96 32.00 32.00 0.00 0.00 6.04 23.27
Africa
Egypt 1.45 1.35 1.40 1.40 6.55 6.57 6.57 6.57 9.50 8.87 9.20 9.20 0.00 0.00 0.33 3.72
Morocco 2.44 2.43 2.20 2.20 1.11 1.71 1.12 1.12 2.71 4.16 2.47 2.46 -0.01 -0.40 -1.70 -40.84
Algeria 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 2.00 1.50 1.67 1.67 3.60 2.70 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 11.11
Ethiopia 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 3.05 3.05 3.16 3.16 5.80 5.80 6.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.45
Middle East
Turkey 6.80 7.20 7.25 7.25 2.54 2.92 2.62 2.62 17.25 21.00 19.00 19.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00 -9.52
Iran 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.20 2.13 2.26 2.34 2.34 13.20 14.00 14.50 14.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 3.57
Iraq 2.10 2.60 2.70 2.70 1.52 2.00 2.22 2.22 3.20 5.20 6.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 15.38
Syria 1.18 1.50 1.30 1.40 1.31 2.03 2.15 2.14 1.55 3.03 2.80 3.00 0.20 7.14 -0.03 -1.09
Mexico 0.60 0.56 0.46 0.46 6.06 6.21 5.65 5.65 3.61 3.48 2.60 2.60 0.00 0.00 -0.88 -25.20
Others 7.34 7.30 7.53 7.49 2.78 2.80 2.94 2.93 20.38 20.42 22.13 21.95 -0.18 -0.82 1.52 7.46

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 January 2025
Global Market Analysis
 Table 03 Total Coarse Grain Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 337.85 338.83 335.51 335.56 4.31 4.45 4.47 4.45 1,455.49 1,506.45 1,499.13 1,494.29 -4.84 -0.32 -12.16 -0.81
United States 35.18 38.99 36.89 37.10 10.13 10.33 10.77 10.54 356.45 402.88 397.28 390.86 -6.42 -1.62 -12.03 -2.98
Total Foreign 302.67 299.83 298.62 298.46 3.63 3.68 3.69 3.70 1,099.04 1,103.57 1,101.85 1,103.44 1.59 0.14 -0.13 -0.01
none
China 45.58 46.71 47.20 47.24 6.27 6.37 6.37 6.42 285.89 297.38 300.55 303.47 2.92 0.97 6.09 2.05
European Union 26.59 26.09 26.20 26.26 5.01 5.25 5.21 5.18 133.10 136.88 136.41 136.11 -0.31 -0.22 -0.78 -0.57
United Kingdom 1.37 1.38 1.47 1.47 6.33 5.87 5.72 5.72 8.67 8.08 8.43 8.43 0.00 0.00 0.35 4.30
South America
Brazil 24.45 23.62 24.51 24.51 5.87 5.41 5.45 5.45 143.49 127.81 133.52 133.52 0.00 0.00 5.72 4.47
Argentina 9.66 9.32 8.91 8.91 4.55 6.26 6.77 6.77 43.91 58.37 60.29 60.29 0.00 0.00 1.92 3.29
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 13.60 12.88 11.85 11.63 3.25 3.30 2.91 2.92 44.13 42.54 34.50 33.97 -0.53 -1.54 -8.57 -20.15
Ukraine 6.32 6.24 6.05 6.05 5.37 6.38 5.49 5.49 33.93 39.78 33.24 33.24 0.00 0.00 -6.54 -16.45
Kazakhstan 2.63 2.87 2.65 2.65 1.79 1.40 1.83 1.83 4.71 4.01 4.84 4.84 0.00 0.00 0.83 20.77
Belarus 1.03 1.05 1.18 1.18 3.11 3.09 3.39 3.39 3.20 3.23 3.98 3.98 0.00 0.00 0.75 23.22
Africa
Nigeria 13.50 13.40 13.50 13.50 1.61 1.42 1.45 1.45 21.70 19.01 19.60 19.60 0.00 0.00 0.59 3.09
South Africa 3.13 3.20 3.34 3.34 5.61 4.35 5.26 5.26 17.53 13.91 17.56 17.56 0.00 0.00 3.65 26.22
Tanzania 5.30 5.50 5.60 5.60 1.36 1.51 1.67 1.67 7.23 8.33 9.33 9.33 0.00 0.00 1.00 12.01
Burkina Faso 4.09 4.20 4.20 4.20 1.16 1.12 1.13 1.13 4.73 4.72 4.75 4.75 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.74
Ethiopia 5.45 5.41 5.64 5.64 3.21 3.25 3.18 3.18 17.47 17.56 17.91 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.35 1.99
Egypt 1.10 1.12 1.09 1.09 7.52 7.19 7.22 7.22 8.28 8.07 7.88 7.88 0.00 0.00 -0.19 -2.35
Mali 5.20 4.80 4.90 4.90 1.38 1.43 1.43 1.43 7.15 6.86 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 2.07
India 23.90 25.02 24.85 24.85 2.38 2.28 2.32 2.32 56.78 57.16 57.60 57.60 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.78
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 3.50 3.70 3.60 3.60 3.54 3.43 3.56 3.56 12.40 12.70 12.80 12.80 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.79
Philippines 2.54 2.49 2.55 2.55 3.28 3.25 3.25 3.25 8.32 8.10 8.30 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.47
Vietnam 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.85 4.99 5.00 5.06 5.06 4.42 4.35 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -1.15
Thailand 1.21 1.25 1.26 1.26 4.47 4.29 4.34 4.34 5.40 5.35 5.45 5.45 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.87
Mexico 8.64 7.70 7.75 7.75 3.92 3.74 3.75 3.75 33.88 28.82 29.06 29.06 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.83
Canada 5.74 5.24 5.05 5.05 5.32 5.25 5.45 5.45 30.54 27.52 27.52 27.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01
Australia 5.69 5.63 5.90 5.87 3.31 2.56 2.67 2.64 18.84 14.44 15.77 15.47 -0.30 -1.90 1.03 7.10
Middle East
Turkey 4.57 4.59 4.55 4.55 3.25 3.72 3.22 3.22 14.84 17.05 14.66 14.66 0.00 0.00 -2.39 -13.99
Iran 1.86 1.86 1.81 1.81 2.38 2.38 2.50 2.50 4.42 4.42 4.52 4.52 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.26
Others 75.17 73.71 72.18 72.18 1.65 1.72 1.69 1.69 124.09 127.13 122.09 121.90 -0.19 -0.16 -5.24 -4.12

World and Selected Countries and Regions; Coarse Grain includes: Barley, Corn, Millet, Mixed Grains, Oats, Rye and Sorghum

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 15 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 04 Corn Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 202.18 205.26 202.72 202.89 5.75 5.99 6.01 5.99 1,163.38 1,230.01 1,217.89 1,214.35 -3.54 -0.29 -15.66 -1.27
United States 31.85 35.01 33.47 33.55 10.89 11.13 11.49 11.26 346.74 389.67 384.64 377.63 -7.01 -1.82 -12.03 -3.09
Total Foreign 170.33 170.25 169.25 169.34 4.79 4.94 4.92 4.94 816.64 840.34 833.25 836.71 3.47 0.42 -3.63 -0.43
none
China 43.07 44.22 44.70 44.74 6.44 6.53 6.53 6.59 277.20 288.84 292.00 294.92 2.92 1.00 6.08 2.10
South America
Brazil 22.40 21.50 22.30 22.30 6.12 5.67 5.70 5.70 137.00 122.00 127.00 127.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 4.10
Argentina 7.20 7.00 6.40 6.40 5.14 7.14 7.97 7.97 37.00 50.00 51.00 51.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 2.00
Bolivia 0.47 0.44 0.43 0.43 2.67 2.49 2.56 2.56 1.26 1.09 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.38
European Union 8.85 8.32 8.60 8.60 5.92 7.43 6.74 6.74 52.38 61.87 58.00 58.00 0.00 0.00 -3.87 -6.25
Africa
South Africa 2.95 3.00 3.15 3.15 5.81 4.47 5.40 5.40 17.10 13.40 17.00 17.00 0.00 0.00 3.60 26.87
Nigeria 5.80 5.70 5.50 5.50 2.23 1.94 2.00 2.00 12.95 11.05 11.00 11.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.48
Ethiopia 2.55 2.50 2.55 2.55 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 10.20 10.00 10.20 10.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.00
Egypt 0.93 0.95 0.92 0.92 8.00 7.58 7.61 7.61 7.44 7.20 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -2.78
Tanzania 4.00 4.20 4.30 4.30 1.48 1.67 1.86 1.86 5.90 7.00 8.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 14.29
Malawi 1.75 1.79 1.50 1.50 2.12 1.96 1.93 1.93 3.72 3.51 2.90 2.90 0.00 0.00 -0.61 -17.38
Zambia 1.12 1.42 0.69 0.69 2.43 2.30 2.20 2.20 2.71 3.26 1.51 1.51 0.00 0.00 -1.75 -53.72
Kenya 2.16 2.20 2.15 2.15 1.43 1.95 1.86 1.86 3.09 4.28 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 -0.28 -6.63
Uganda 2.15 2.27 2.30 2.30 2.20 2.18 2.17 2.17 4.74 4.95 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.11
Zimbabwe 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.45 1.50 0.71 0.71 1.45 1.50 0.64 0.64 0.00 0.00 -0.87 -57.67
Former Soviet Union - 12
Ukraine 4.05 4.20 4.10 4.10 6.67 7.74 6.46 6.46 27.00 32.50 26.50 26.50 0.00 0.00 -6.00 -18.46
Russia 2.64 2.40 2.50 2.60 6.00 6.92 5.20 5.10 15.83 16.60 13.00 13.25 0.25 1.92 -3.35 -20.18
South Asia
India 10.74 11.24 10.80 10.80 3.54 3.35 3.52 3.52 38.09 37.67 38.00 38.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.89
Pakistan 1.72 1.64 1.50 1.50 6.39 6.00 6.33 6.33 10.99 9.85 9.50 9.50 0.00 0.00 -0.35 -3.52
Nepal 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 3.50 3.70 3.60 3.60 3.54 3.43 3.56 3.56 12.40 12.70 12.80 12.80 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.79
Philippines 2.54 2.49 2.55 2.55 3.28 3.25 3.25 3.25 8.32 8.10 8.30 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.47
Vietnam 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.85 4.99 5.00 5.06 5.06 4.42 4.35 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -1.15
Thailand 1.18 1.22 1.23 1.23 4.53 4.34 4.39 4.39 5.35 5.30 5.40 5.40 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.89
Mexico 6.89 6.10 6.10 6.10 4.07 3.85 3.89 3.89 28.08 23.50 23.70 23.70 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.85
Canada 1.44 1.52 1.45 1.45 10.07 10.15 10.59 10.59 14.54 15.42 15.35 15.35 0.00 0.00 -0.08 -0.49
Turkey 0.53 0.65 0.56 0.56 12.83 12.92 12.50 12.50 6.80 8.40 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -1.40 -16.67
Others 26.85 26.75 26.66 26.61 2.53 2.74 2.64 2.65 67.98 73.29 70.34 70.64 0.30 0.43 -2.65 -3.62

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 05 Barley Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 47.13 47.08 45.79 45.73 3.20 3.05 3.10 3.11 150.97 143.37 142.08 142.03 -0.05 -0.03 -1.34 -0.94
United States 0.98 1.04 0.76 0.76 3.86 3.89 4.13 4.13 3.79 4.05 3.13 3.13 0.00 0.00 -0.92 -22.70
Total Foreign 46.15 46.04 45.03 44.98 3.19 3.03 3.09 3.09 147.19 139.32 138.95 138.90 -0.05 -0.03 -0.42 -0.30
none
European Union 10.32 10.37 10.32 10.32 5.02 4.61 4.88 4.88 51.83 47.81 50.40 50.40 0.00 0.00 2.59 5.41
United Kingdom 1.12 1.14 1.20 1.20 6.62 6.12 6.00 6.00 7.39 6.96 7.20 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.24 3.40
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 7.75 7.65 6.70 6.60 2.77 2.68 2.46 2.46 21.50 20.50 16.50 16.25 -0.25 -1.52 -4.25 -20.73
Ukraine 1.95 1.68 1.60 1.60 3.13 3.78 3.69 3.69 6.10 6.35 5.90 5.90 0.00 0.00 -0.45 -7.09
Kazakhstan 2.18 2.43 2.25 2.25 1.51 1.08 1.60 1.60 3.29 2.61 3.60 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.99 37.72
Belarus 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.75 2.75 3.00 3.00 1.10 1.10 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 9.09
Azerbaijan 0.39 0.36 0.36 0.36 2.85 2.99 3.06 3.06 1.10 1.07 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 3.09
Canada 2.64 2.70 2.39 2.39 3.79 3.29 3.40 3.40 9.99 8.91 8.14 8.14 0.00 0.00 -0.76 -8.55
Australia 4.13 4.20 4.44 4.44 3.43 2.57 2.64 2.64 14.14 10.80 11.70 11.70 0.00 0.00 0.90 8.33
Middle East
Turkey 3.80 3.70 3.75 3.75 1.95 2.16 1.87 1.87 7.40 8.00 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 -12.50
Iran 1.65 1.65 1.60 1.60 1.82 1.82 1.94 1.94 3.00 3.00 3.10 3.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.33
Iraq 0.21 0.16 1.00 1.00 1.12 1.29 1.40 1.40 0.24 0.20 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00 1.20 600.00
Syria 1.12 1.43 1.10 1.10 0.16 0.88 1.09 1.09 0.18 1.26 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -4.38
Africa
Ethiopia 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 2.22 2.50 2.54 2.54 2.18 2.45 2.49 2.49 0.00 0.00 0.04 1.43
Morocco 1.14 1.17 0.80 0.80 0.61 1.15 0.83 0.83 0.70 1.35 0.66 0.66 0.00 0.00 -0.69 -51.11
Algeria 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.37 1.00 1.17 1.17 1.40 1.03 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.18 17.07
Tunisia 0.30 0.11 0.35 0.35 1.74 0.83 1.57 1.57 0.52 0.09 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.46 511.11
South Africa 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 2.99 3.49 3.70 3.75 0.30 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.01 1.35 0.00 -0.53
South America
Argentina 1.59 1.30 1.25 1.25 2.95 3.92 3.92 3.92 4.70 5.10 4.90 4.90 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -3.92
Uruguay 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.23 4.25 4.87 4.34 4.35 0.90 0.92 0.83 1.00 0.18 21.21 0.09 9.29
Brazil 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.12 3.89 2.90 3.83 3.83 0.50 0.39 0.46 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.07 17.65
India 0.45 0.63 0.55 0.55 3.03 3.05 3.08 3.08 1.37 1.91 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 -0.21 -11.19
China 0.56 0.50 0.50 0.50 3.91 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.19 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 0.80 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Afghanistan 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.07 1.53 1.38 1.43 1.43 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -9.09
Others 1.67 1.67 1.69 1.70 2.58 2.55 2.64 2.65 4.30 4.25 4.47 4.50 0.02 0.51 0.24 5.67

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 06 Oats Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 9.39 8.42 8.72 8.71 2.72 2.31 2.58 2.56 25.52 19.46 22.54 22.32 -0.22 -0.99 2.85 14.66
United States 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.36 2.35 2.46 2.74 2.74 0.84 0.83 0.98 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.16 18.84
Total Foreign 9.03 8.08 8.36 8.35 2.73 2.31 2.58 2.55 24.68 18.63 21.55 21.33 -0.22 -1.03 2.70 14.48
none
European Union 2.35 2.30 2.40 2.49 3.19 2.60 3.17 3.07 7.49 5.97 7.60 7.63 0.03 0.33 1.65 27.70
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 2.13 1.77 1.70 1.60 2.11 1.86 1.91 1.88 4.50 3.30 3.25 3.00 -0.25 -7.69 -0.30 -9.09
Ukraine 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.17 2.47 2.53 2.35 2.35 0.38 0.43 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -6.98
Belarus 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 2.42 2.26 2.06 2.06 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -8.57
Kazakhstan 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 1.16 0.79 1.58 1.58 0.23 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.15 100.00
Canada 1.40 0.83 0.99 0.99 3.73 3.20 3.38 3.38 5.23 2.64 3.36 3.36 0.00 0.00 0.72 27.05
South America
Argentina 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.30 1.67 2.03 2.00 2.00 0.43 0.57 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.04 6.19
Brazil 0.50 0.52 0.49 0.49 2.39 1.89 2.16 2.16 1.19 0.98 1.06 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.08 7.72
Chile 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 4.63 5.39 4.75 4.75 0.33 0.46 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.02 3.71
Uruguay 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.40 2.44 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.01 33.33 0.00 2.56
Oceania
Australia 0.75 0.70 0.73 0.73 2.13 1.43 1.66 1.66 1.59 1.00 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 20.00
New Zealand 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.60 7.50 6.25 5.75 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.00 -8.00 -0.01 -23.33
China 0.43 0.46 0.47 0.47 1.84 1.83 1.83 1.83 0.79 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.19
Africa
Algeria 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.31 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Morocco 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.31 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.04 1.46 1.83 1.67 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 -0.01 -9.09 0.01 21.95
Other Europe
United Kingdom 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.20 5.72 4.97 5.00 5.00 1.01 0.83 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 20.48
Norway 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 4.62 4.29 4.29 4.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.80 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Albania 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 4.00 3.43 3.43 3.43 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Turkey 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 2.64 2.60 2.62 2.62 0.37 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.62
Mexico 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.04 2.22 2.20 2.00 2.00 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 45.45
Others 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.05 1.63 1.68 1.78 1.78 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -12.77

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 07 Rye Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 3.69 3.66 3.41 3.32 3.29 3.20 3.22 3.20 12.15 11.71 10.99 10.61 -0.38 -3.46 -1.10 -9.39
United States 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.16 2.26 2.03 2.29 2.29 0.32 0.26 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.11 41.67
Total Foreign 3.55 3.53 3.25 3.15 3.33 3.24 3.27 3.24 11.83 11.44 10.61 10.23 -0.38 -3.58 -1.21 -10.57
none
European Union 1.77 1.88 1.75 1.74 4.26 4.06 4.11 4.03 7.55 7.64 7.20 7.02 -0.18 -2.50 -0.62 -8.07
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 0.88 0.79 0.66 0.58 2.27 2.15 2.05 2.00 2.00 1.70 1.35 1.15 -0.20 -14.81 -0.55 -32.35
Belarus 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32 2.50 2.52 2.38 2.38 0.75 0.78 0.76 0.76 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -2.56
Ukraine 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.07 3.15 3.00 2.86 2.86 0.32 0.24 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -16.67
Kazakhstan 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.76 0.86 1.15 1.15 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 27.78
Turkey 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 2.79 2.91 2.91 2.91 0.27 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.12 3.42 3.09 3.60 3.60 0.52 0.36 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.06 17.60
South America
Chile 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00
Argentina 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 1.66 1.85 1.76 1.76 0.18 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -15.14
Other Europe
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -33.33
Switzerland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.00 3.33 3.00 3.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.00
Australia 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.47 2.32 2.12 2.12 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -12.75

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 08 Sorghum Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 40.61 40.04 40.77 40.88 1.42 1.46 1.52 1.50 57.48 58.36 61.83 61.46 -0.36 -0.59 3.10 5.31
United States 1.85 2.48 2.14 2.27 2.58 3.26 3.82 3.85 4.77 8.07 8.15 8.73 0.59 7.21 0.66 8.21
Total Foreign 38.77 37.56 38.64 38.61 1.36 1.34 1.39 1.37 52.71 50.29 53.68 52.73 -0.95 -1.77 2.44 4.85
none
Africa
Nigeria 5.70 5.70 6.10 6.10 1.19 1.12 1.13 1.13 6.81 6.40 6.90 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.50 7.81
Ethiopia 1.55 1.48 1.65 1.65 2.67 2.71 2.48 2.48 4.14 4.01 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.09 2.24
Sudan 7.24 5.99 6.00 6.00 0.72 0.51 0.67 0.55 5.25 3.06 4.00 3.30 -0.70 -17.50 0.25 8.02
Burkina Faso 1.96 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.03 0.98 1.00 1.00 2.01 1.86 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.04 2.21
Mali 1.64 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.97 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.58 1.53 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -1.83
Niger 3.79 3.70 3.70 3.70 0.55 0.46 0.51 0.51 2.10 1.70 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.20 11.76
Cameroon 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tanzania 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Egypt 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 5.00 5.20 5.27 5.27 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.28
Uganda 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.90 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50
Ghana 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 1.29 1.42 1.13 1.13 0.40 0.44 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -20.27
Mozambique 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.51 0.55 0.33 0.33 0.15 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -40.00
South Africa 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.76 2.25 3.25 3.25 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.04 44.44
Mexico 1.40 1.29 1.32 1.32 3.50 3.49 3.41 3.41 4.89 4.49 4.50 4.50 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.33
South America
Argentina 0.50 0.62 0.85 0.85 3.22 3.99 4.24 4.24 1.61 2.49 3.60 3.60 0.00 0.00 1.11 44.75
Brazil 1.42 1.46 1.60 1.60 3.38 3.03 3.13 3.13 4.79 4.43 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 12.97
South Asia
India 3.54 4.08 4.00 4.00 1.08 1.16 1.10 1.10 3.81 4.74 4.40 4.40 0.00 0.00 -0.34 -7.11
Pakistan 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.13
China 0.68 0.63 0.63 0.63 4.58 4.76 4.76 4.76 3.09 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Australia 0.69 0.60 0.60 0.57 3.84 3.67 4.00 3.68 2.64 2.20 2.40 2.10 -0.30 -12.50 -0.10 -4.55
European Union 0.13 0.15 0.21 0.22 4.18 5.44 5.05 5.16 0.52 0.81 1.06 1.11 0.05 4.72 0.30 37.04
Others 5.65 5.59 5.69 5.69 0.98 1.01 0.97 0.97 5.54 5.63 5.55 5.55 0.00 0.00 -0.08 -1.47

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 09 Rice Area, Yield, and Production

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 165.69 166.11 168.68 168.58 4.66 4.70 4.73 4.72 516.73 522.62 533.68 532.87 -0.81 -0.15 10.25 1.96
United States 0.88 1.16 1.17 1.16 8.28 8.56 8.51 8.69 5.08 6.92 6.98 7.05 0.07 1.06 0.13 1.89
Total Foreign 164.81 164.96 167.51 167.42 4.64 4.67 4.70 4.69 511.65 515.70 526.70 525.81 -0.89 -0.17 10.12 1.96
none
East Asia
China 29.45 28.95 29.00 29.01 7.08 7.14 7.19 7.15 145.95 144.62 146.00 145.28 -0.73 -0.50 0.66 0.45
Japan 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.46 6.86 6.78 6.92 6.92 7.48 7.30 7.35 7.35 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.73
Korea, South 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.70 6.87 6.92 6.80 6.80 3.76 3.70 3.59 3.59 0.00 0.00 -0.12 -3.16
Korea, North 0.54 0.53 0.54 0.54 3.87 4.18 4.18 4.18 1.36 1.45 1.47 1.48 0.01 0.54 0.03 1.86
South Asia
India 47.83 47.83 50.00 50.00 4.26 4.32 4.35 4.35 135.76 137.83 145.00 145.00 0.00 0.00 7.18 5.21
Bangladesh 11.60 11.75 11.50 11.40 4.70 4.72 4.80 4.82 36.35 37.00 36.80 36.60 -0.20 -0.54 -0.40 -1.08
Pakistan 2.98 3.64 3.80 3.80 3.69 4.07 3.95 3.95 7.32 9.87 10.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 1.33
Nepal 1.45 1.44 1.45 1.45 3.79 3.98 3.79 3.79 3.65 3.81 3.67 3.67 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -3.83
Sri Lanka 1.15 1.16 1.15 1.15 3.61 4.22 4.48 4.48 2.83 3.33 3.50 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.17 5.04
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 11.30 11.00 11.20 11.20 4.72 4.73 4.78 4.78 33.90 33.02 34.00 34.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 2.97
Vietnam 7.12 6.90 6.95 6.95 6.10 6.10 6.10 6.10 27.14 26.30 26.50 26.50 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.76
Thailand 11.07 10.65 10.70 10.70 2.86 2.85 2.85 2.85 20.91 20.00 20.10 20.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.50
Burma 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80 2.71 2.73 2.72 2.72 11.80 11.90 11.85 11.85 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.42
Philippines 4.85 4.74 4.60 4.60 4.13 4.12 4.14 4.14 12.63 12.33 12.00 12.00 0.00 0.00 -0.33 -2.64
Cambodia 3.47 3.58 3.64 3.64 3.31 3.39 3.32 3.32 7.00 7.40 7.38 7.38 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.31
Laos 0.96 0.95 0.90 0.90 3.23 3.21 3.19 3.19 1.95 1.92 1.81 1.81 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -5.73
Malaysia 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.66 3.99 3.86 4.08 4.08 1.70 1.62 1.75 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.13 8.02
South America
Brazil 1.48 1.61 1.70 1.70 6.78 6.60 6.92 6.92 6.82 7.20 8.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 11.11
Peru 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 8.34 8.52 8.60 8.60 2.40 2.50 2.55 2.55 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.00
Africa
Egypt 0.60 0.63 0.67 0.67 8.70 8.70 8.44 8.44 3.60 3.78 3.90 3.90 0.00 0.00 0.12 3.17
Madagascar 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 2.87 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.93 2.94 2.94 2.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Nigeria 3.50 3.60 3.50 3.50 2.45 2.47 2.37 2.37 5.41 5.61 5.23 5.23 0.00 0.00 -0.38 -6.74
European Union 0.33 0.35 0.39 0.39 6.09 6.50 6.62 6.62 1.29 1.44 1.67 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.24 16.45
Iran 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 5.32 5.30 5.32 5.32 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.25
Others 12.87 13.43 13.60 13.60 3.03 3.03 3.09 3.09 25.71 26.84 27.65 27.68 0.03 0.11 0.84 3.12

Yield is on a rough basis, before the milling process. Production is on a milled basis, after the milling process.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 10 Total Oilseed Area, Yield, and Production

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World Total -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 638.18 657.05 683.38 680.35 -3.02 -0.44 23.31 3.55
Total Foreign -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 512.43 534.89 552.22 551.87 -0.34 -0.06 16.99 3.18
Oilseed, Copra -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.00 6.21 5.81 5.81 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -6.50
Oilseed, Palm Kernel -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 19.75 19.68 20.62 20.62 0.00 0.00 0.94 4.79
none
Major OilSeeds 268.28 271.26 276.25 275.72 2.28 2.33 2.38 2.37 612.43 631.16 656.95 653.93 -3.02 -0.46 22.77 3.61
United States 39.91 37.98 40.50 40.26 3.15 3.22 3.24 3.19 125.75 122.16 131.16 128.48 -2.68 -2.04 6.32 5.17
none
Foreign Oilseeds 228.37 233.27 235.75 235.46 2.13 2.18 2.23 2.23 486.68 509.00 525.79 525.45 -0.34 -0.07 16.45 3.23
South America 71.45 74.89 77.62 77.55 3.00 3.10 3.26 3.27 214.26 232.00 253.34 253.22 -0.12 -0.05 21.22 9.15
Brazil 46.46 48.08 49.59 49.59 3.59 3.30 3.54 3.54 166.77 158.64 175.60 175.60 0.00 0.00 16.96 10.69
Argentina 17.76 19.30 20.32 20.32 1.77 2.81 2.86 2.86 31.45 54.24 58.19 58.19 0.00 0.00 3.95 7.28
Paraguay 3.79 3.90 4.02 4.02 2.77 2.88 2.85 2.85 10.47 11.22 11.44 11.44 0.00 0.00 0.23 2.02
Bolivia 2.05 2.09 2.13 2.13 1.94 1.98 2.09 2.09 3.99 4.13 4.44 4.44 0.00 0.00 0.31 7.51
Uruguay 1.28 1.44 1.46 1.39 1.00 2.44 2.31 2.34 1.28 3.51 3.37 3.25 -0.12 -3.56 -0.26 -7.38
China 26.44 26.22 26.20 26.08 2.60 2.62 2.61 2.64 68.72 68.57 68.30 68.96 0.66 0.96 0.39 0.56
South Asia 43.63 44.49 44.06 43.66 1.04 1.03 1.07 1.07 45.22 46.00 47.29 46.66 -0.63 -1.33 0.66 1.43
India 40.19 40.28 40.28 39.88 1.03 1.00 1.06 1.05 41.29 40.37 42.51 42.01 -0.50 -1.18 1.64 4.06
Pakistan 2.51 2.99 2.51 2.51 1.06 1.27 1.22 1.16 2.67 3.81 3.05 2.92 -0.13 -4.26 -0.89 -23.31
European Union 12.32 12.29 11.95 11.95 2.61 2.71 2.45 2.45 32.13 33.34 29.27 29.27 0.00 0.00 -4.07 -12.20
United Kingdom 0.37 0.39 0.28 0.28 3.73 3.11 3.13 3.13 1.36 1.22 0.88 0.88 0.00 0.00 -0.34 -28.04
Former Soviet Union - 12 27.81 29.08 30.89 31.14 1.87 2.04 1.87 1.84 52.05 59.24 57.69 57.34 -0.35 -0.61 -1.89 -3.19
Russia 14.74 14.85 16.00 16.25 1.80 1.89 1.79 1.74 26.55 28.10 28.60 28.25 -0.35 -1.22 0.15 0.53
Ukraine 8.75 10.00 10.45 10.45 2.26 2.55 2.22 2.22 19.80 25.45 23.25 23.25 0.00 0.00 -2.20 -8.64
Uzbekistan 1.07 1.05 1.02 1.02 1.24 1.15 1.22 1.22 1.33 1.21 1.25 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.04 3.23
Canada 10.75 11.16 11.16 11.16 2.37 2.35 2.37 2.37 25.48 26.27 26.42 26.42 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.59
Africa 24.62 24.69 23.63 23.63 1.04 0.97 1.05 1.05 25.67 24.01 24.71 24.71 0.00 0.00 0.70 2.92
Nigeria 4.87 4.87 5.07 5.07 1.15 1.15 1.13 1.13 5.61 5.60 5.75 5.75 0.00 0.00 0.15 2.68
South Africa 1.88 1.87 1.92 1.92 2.02 1.51 2.04 2.04 3.80 2.82 3.91 3.91 0.00 0.00 1.10 38.88
Tanzania 1.36 1.47 1.44 1.44 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.87 1.23 1.31 1.25 1.25 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -4.13
Southeast Asia 3.11 3.07 3.04 3.04 1.38 1.38 1.39 1.39 4.30 4.25 4.24 4.24 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.38
Burma 1.98 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.26 2.40 2.44 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.06 2.25
Indonesia 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.81 1.52 1.49 1.48 1.48 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -4.38
Australia 4.61 4.04 3.91 3.96 2.13 1.81 1.78 1.78 9.82 7.30 6.96 7.06 0.10 1.44 -0.24 -3.33
Turkey 1.47 1.27 1.28 1.28 2.71 2.43 2.49 2.49 3.98 3.09 3.19 3.19 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.27
Others 1.81 1.70 1.73 1.73 2.03 2.20 2.04 2.04 3.67 3.72 3.52 3.52 0.00 0.00 -0.21 -5.56

World Total and Total Foreign: (Major Oilseeds plus copra and palm kernel) Major Oilseeds: (soybeans, sunflowerseeds, peanuts(inshell), cottonseed and
rapeseed)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 11 Soybean Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 137.33 140.47 146.49 146.34 2.75 2.81 2.92 2.90 378.16 394.97 427.14 424.26 -2.88 -0.67 29.29 7.42
United States 34.87 33.29 34.91 34.82 3.33 3.40 3.48 3.41 116.22 113.27 121.42 118.84 -2.58 -2.13 5.56 4.91
Total Foreign 102.46 107.18 111.58 111.51 2.56 2.63 2.74 2.74 261.94 281.69 305.72 305.42 -0.30 -0.10 23.73 8.42
none
South America
Brazil 44.60 46.10 47.30 47.30 3.63 3.32 3.57 3.57 162.00 153.00 169.00 169.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 10.46
Argentina 14.40 16.37 17.30 17.30 1.74 2.95 3.01 3.01 25.00 48.21 52.00 52.00 0.00 0.00 3.79 7.86
Paraguay 3.65 3.75 3.85 3.85 2.81 2.93 2.91 2.91 10.25 11.00 11.20 11.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 1.82
Bolivia 1.82 1.85 1.88 1.88 2.01 2.05 2.19 2.19 3.67 3.80 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.30 7.89
Uruguay 0.93 1.31 1.30 1.30 0.75 2.51 2.38 2.38 0.70 3.29 3.10 3.10 0.00 0.00 -0.19 -5.86
East Asia
China 10.24 10.47 10.50 10.33 1.98 1.99 1.97 2.00 20.28 20.84 20.70 20.65 -0.05 -0.24 -0.19 -0.91
Korea, South 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 2.03 2.07 2.06 2.06 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71
Korea, North 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Japan 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 1.60 1.59 1.64 1.64 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.01 4.86
India 13.08 13.20 13.50 13.50 0.95 0.90 0.93 0.93 12.41 11.88 12.58 12.58 0.00 0.00 0.71 5.95
Canada 2.12 2.26 2.29 2.29 3.09 3.09 3.30 3.30 6.54 6.98 7.57 7.57 0.00 0.00 0.59 8.41
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 3.36 3.50 4.10 4.20 1.79 1.94 1.78 1.68 6.00 6.80 7.30 7.05 -0.25 -3.42 0.25 3.68
Ukraine 1.82 2.00 2.90 2.90 2.25 2.60 2.28 2.28 4.10 5.20 6.60 6.60 0.00 0.00 1.40 26.92
European Union 1.12 1.03 1.09 1.09 2.34 2.87 2.63 2.63 2.61 2.95 2.85 2.85 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -3.29
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -4.00
Vietnam 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.62 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.67
Thailand 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burma 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -4.00
Serbia 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 1.70 2.77 2.00 2.00 0.40 0.65 0.47 0.47 0.00 0.00 -0.18 -27.69
Mexico 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.13 1.52 2.06 1.68 1.68 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.03 13.51
Africa
South Africa 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.16 2.41 1.60 2.42 2.42 2.77 1.84 2.80 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.96 52.17
Nigeria 1.20 1.15 1.35 1.35 0.98 1.00 0.96 0.96 1.18 1.15 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.15 13.04
Zambia 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.09
Middle East
Iran 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 2.27 2.36 2.43 2.43 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.03
Turkey 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 4.14 4.12 4.29 4.29 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.01 7.14
Others 1.03 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.67 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.72 1.78 1.79 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.34

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 12 Cottonseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 31.13 30.53 30.31 30.26 1.36 1.35 1.41 1.43 42.36 41.30 42.61 43.33 0.72 1.69 2.03 4.91
United States 2.95 2.61 3.49 3.35 1.36 1.27 1.13 1.19 4.01 3.31 3.95 3.99 0.05 1.14 0.69 20.78
Total Foreign 28.18 27.92 26.81 26.91 1.36 1.36 1.44 1.46 38.36 38.00 38.66 39.34 0.68 1.75 1.34 3.53
none
South Asia
India 12.93 12.68 11.80 11.80 0.86 0.85 0.90 0.90 11.17 10.78 10.61 10.61 0.00 0.00 -0.17 -1.57
Pakistan 1.80 2.40 2.00 2.00 0.94 1.26 1.19 1.13 1.69 3.03 2.38 2.25 -0.13 -5.46 -0.78 -25.69
China 3.10 2.85 2.85 2.90 3.89 3.76 3.88 4.05 12.05 10.72 11.05 11.76 0.71 6.39 1.04 9.69
Former Soviet Union - 12
Uzbekistan 1.05 1.03 1.00 1.00 1.19 1.10 1.18 1.18 1.25 1.14 1.18 1.18 0.00 0.00 0.04 3.43
Turkmenistan 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tajikistan 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 1.31 1.16 1.08 1.08 0.24 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.56
Kazakhstan 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.87 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South America
Brazil 1.60 1.66 1.97 1.97 2.43 2.91 2.85 2.85 3.89 4.84 5.61 5.61 0.00 0.00 0.77 16.00
Argentina 0.51 0.62 0.60 0.60 0.84 0.98 1.09 1.09 0.43 0.61 0.66 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.05 7.54
Middle East
Turkey 0.56 0.44 0.47 0.47 2.88 2.38 2.81 2.81 1.60 1.05 1.31 1.31 0.00 0.00 0.26 24.98
Syria 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.23 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.52 1.18 1.35 1.35 0.18 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.02 14.41
Australia 0.65 0.51 0.55 0.60 2.24 2.48 2.28 2.26 1.45 1.25 1.25 1.35 0.10 7.98 0.10 7.98
European Union 0.31 0.25 0.27 0.27 1.70 1.31 1.47 1.47 0.53 0.33 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.07 20.66
Africa
Burkina Faso 0.62 0.46 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.46 0.48 0.48 0.21 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -21.80
Mali 0.60 0.71 0.63 0.63 0.35 0.53 0.48 0.48 0.21 0.38 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -19.47
Cameroon 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.23 1.29 1.54 1.48 1.48 0.30 0.37 0.34 0.34 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -8.11
Cote d'Ivoire 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.37 0.29 0.44 0.53 0.53 0.12 0.17 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.02 12.07
Benin 0.57 0.51 0.55 0.55 0.64 0.73 0.76 0.76 0.36 0.37 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.04 11.53
Tanzania 0.36 0.47 0.44 0.44 0.37 0.44 0.35 0.35 0.13 0.21 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -26.21
Egypt 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.92 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.03 34.38
Nigeria 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.07 1.16 1.51 1.48 1.48 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 15.66
Zimbabwe 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sudan 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.20 0.13 0.12 0.12 2.70 2.25 2.35 2.35 0.54 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -5.05
Burma 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 1.26 1.24 1.24 1.24 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.01 4.42
Others 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.84 0.81 0.88 0.88 0.53 0.49 0.53 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.04 7.93

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 13 Peanut Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 29.04 29.42 29.00 29.00 1.70 1.68 1.74 1.74 49.44 49.53 50.52 50.49 -0.03 -0.06 0.96 1.93
United States 0.56 0.63 0.71 0.71 4.50 4.23 4.17 4.11 2.51 2.67 2.95 2.93 -0.03 -0.98 0.26 9.71
Total Foreign 28.48 28.79 28.29 28.29 1.65 1.63 1.68 1.68 46.93 46.87 47.56 47.56 0.00 0.00 0.70 1.49
none
China 4.68 4.80 4.85 4.85 3.91 4.01 3.92 3.92 18.33 19.23 19.00 19.00 0.00 0.00 -0.23 -1.20
Africa
Nigeria 3.40 3.45 3.45 3.45 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.25 4.28 4.30 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sudan 3.07 3.01 2.00 2.00 0.86 0.46 0.50 0.50 2.64 1.39 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 -0.39 -27.85
Senegal 1.23 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.23 1.38 1.36 1.36 1.50 1.73 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -1.62
Cameroon 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ghana 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.35 1.65 1.62 1.57 1.57 0.61 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -8.33
Chad 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.09 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Malawi 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Congo (Kinshasa) 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Niger 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.69 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.67 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mali 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burkina Faso 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.56 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Guinea 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.14 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.03 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Egypt 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Central African Republic 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.29 1.75 2.00 2.00 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 14.29
Mozambique 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 1.47 1.45 1.45 1.45 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Benin 0.16 0.24 0.18 0.18 1.03 0.74 0.97 0.97 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.23
South Asia
India 4.96 5.00 5.50 5.50 1.27 1.20 1.29 1.29 6.30 6.00 7.10 7.10 0.00 0.00 1.10 18.33
Pakistan 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.50 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.68 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -4.55
Burma 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.55 1.59 1.63 1.63 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.94
Vietnam 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 2.63 2.62 2.64 2.64 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -3.39
Thailand 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South America
Argentina 0.37 0.43 0.45 0.45 2.59 3.43 3.33 3.33 0.96 1.48 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.15
Brazil 0.20 0.26 0.26 0.26 3.95 2.88 3.46 3.46 0.79 0.73 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.17 22.62
Mexico 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.76 1.74 1.70 1.70 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 6.25
Others 1.80 1.81 1.85 1.85 1.18 1.19 1.21 1.21 2.13 2.15 2.25 2.25 0.00 0.00 0.10 4.70

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 25 January 2025
Global Market Analysis
 Table 14 Sunflowerseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 28.30 27.94 27.79 27.89 1.87 2.01 1.82 1.82 52.78 56.02 50.51 50.69 0.18 0.35 -5.33 -9.52
United States 0.65 0.51 0.28 0.28 1.97 2.00 2.12 1.87 1.27 1.02 0.59 0.52 -0.07 -12.16 -0.50 -49.22
Total Foreign 27.65 27.43 27.51 27.61 1.86 2.01 1.81 1.82 51.51 55.00 49.92 50.17 0.25 0.50 -4.83 -8.78
none
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 9.11 9.30 9.30 9.40 1.78 1.84 1.75 1.76 16.25 17.10 16.30 16.55 0.25 1.53 -0.55 -3.22
Ukraine 5.70 6.40 6.20 6.20 2.14 2.42 2.08 2.08 12.20 15.50 12.90 12.90 0.00 0.00 -2.60 -16.77
Kazakhstan 1.09 1.13 1.25 1.25 1.20 1.10 1.12 1.12 1.30 1.24 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00 0.16 13.27
European Union 4.97 4.80 4.91 4.91 1.89 2.11 1.79 1.79 9.39 10.13 8.78 8.78 0.00 0.00 -1.35 -13.28
South America
Argentina 2.45 1.84 1.95 1.95 2.05 2.11 2.05 2.05 5.02 3.90 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 2.70
Uruguay 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.91 1.25 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 100.00
Bolivia 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.36 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.03
Brazil 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 1.52 1.18 1.50 1.50 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.02 26.76
Paraguay 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 1.64 1.63 1.60 1.60 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.56
China 0.62 0.70 0.60 0.60 2.79 2.83 2.92 2.92 1.74 1.98 1.75 1.75 0.00 0.00 -0.23 -11.75
South Asia
India 0.36 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.59 0.75 0.63 0.63 0.22 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.89
Pakistan 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.72 1.35 1.31 1.31 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.78
Middle East
Turkey 0.79 0.70 0.69 0.69 2.41 2.21 1.99 1.99 1.90 1.55 1.38 1.38 0.00 0.00 -0.18 -11.29
Iran 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.02 1.05 1.07 1.07 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.65
Israel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Africa
Egypt 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.75 2.63 2.75 2.75 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.76
Morocco 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.11 1.27 1.17 1.17 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.56 0.53 0.54 0.54 1.29 1.20 1.30 1.30 0.72 0.64 0.70 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.07 10.24
Burma 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 2.21 2.30 2.13 2.13 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -44.57
Australia 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 1.48 1.28 1.55 1.55 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.25
Others 0.86 0.73 0.75 0.75 1.83 2.33 1.92 1.92 1.58 1.70 1.44 1.44 0.00 0.00 -0.26 -15.22

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 15 Rapeseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 42.48 42.90 42.66 42.24 2.11 2.08 2.02 2.02 89.69 89.34 86.18 85.17 -1.01 -1.18 -4.17 -4.67
United States 0.88 0.94 1.11 1.10 1.98 2.01 2.03 2.00 1.74 1.90 2.25 2.21 -0.04 -1.91 0.31 16.46
Total Foreign 41.60 41.96 41.55 41.13 2.11 2.08 2.02 2.02 87.95 87.45 83.93 82.96 -0.97 -1.16 -4.49 -5.13
none
European Union 5.92 6.21 5.69 5.69 3.31 3.21 3.03 3.03 19.61 19.93 17.24 17.24 0.00 0.00 -2.69 -13.51
United Kingdom 0.37 0.39 0.28 0.28 3.73 3.11 3.13 3.13 1.36 1.22 0.88 0.88 0.00 0.00 -0.34 -28.04
Switzerland 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 3.68 3.52 3.52 3.52 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 8.60 8.86 8.85 8.85 2.19 2.17 2.12 2.12 18.85 19.19 18.80 18.80 0.00 0.00 -0.39 -2.04
China 7.79 7.40 7.40 7.40 2.10 2.14 2.14 2.14 16.32 15.80 15.80 15.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Asia
India 8.85 9.25 9.30 8.90 1.27 1.25 1.30 1.30 11.20 11.60 12.10 11.60 -0.50 -4.13 0.00 0.00
Pakistan 0.51 0.38 0.30 0.30 1.46 1.46 1.50 1.50 0.74 0.56 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -19.21
Bangladesh 0.81 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.30 1.46 1.30 1.30 1.05 1.61 1.43 1.43 0.00 0.00 -0.18 -11.01
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 2.27 2.05 2.60 2.65 1.89 2.05 1.92 1.75 4.30 4.20 5.00 4.65 -0.35 -7.00 0.45 10.71
Ukraine 1.23 1.60 1.35 1.35 2.85 2.97 2.78 2.78 3.50 4.75 3.75 3.75 0.00 0.00 -1.00 -21.05
Belarus 0.36 0.40 0.48 0.48 2.22 2.25 2.25 2.25 0.80 0.90 1.08 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.18 20.00
Kazakhstan 0.13 0.09 0.15 0.15 1.48 1.32 1.33 1.33 0.19 0.12 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.08 62.60
Australia 3.90 3.48 3.30 3.30 2.12 1.71 1.70 1.70 8.27 5.94 5.60 5.60 0.00 0.00 -0.34 -5.66
South America
Chile 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 3.73 4.39 3.86 3.86 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.01 9.76
Paraguay 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 1.77 1.50 1.53 1.53 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.01 9.52
Ethiopia 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.72 0.60 0.59 0.52 1.91 2.11 2.06 2.11 1.38 1.27 1.22 1.10 -0.12 -9.82 -0.17 -13.16

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 16 Copra, Palm Kernel, and Palm Oil Production

Production Change in Production

(Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MMT Percent MMT Percent

Oilseed, Copra
Philippines 2.60 2.90 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -13.79
Indonesia 1.68 1.69 1.68 1.68 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.59
India 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Vietnam 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Papua New Guinea 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 11.11
Sri Lanka 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Malaysia 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
World 6.00 6.21 5.81 5.81 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -6.44

Oilseed, Palm Kernel

Indonesia 11.70 11.00 12.09 12.09 0.00 0.00 1.09 9.91
Malaysia 4.49 4.83 4.63 4.63 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -4.14
Nigeria 0.90 1.10 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.86 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.02 2.13
Colombia 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.13
Guatemala 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Papua New Guinea 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Honduras 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cameroon 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
World 19.75 19.68 20.62 20.62 0.00 0.00 0.94 4.78

Oil, Palm
Indonesia 45.00 43.00 46.50 46.50 0.00 0.00 3.50 8.14
Malaysia 18.39 19.71 19.30 19.30 0.00 0.00 -0.41 -2.08
Thailand 3.33 3.60 3.70 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.78
Colombia 1.85 1.88 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.06
Nigeria 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Guatemala 1.01 0.89 0.99 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.10 11.24
Papua New Guinea 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.22
Cote d'Ivoire 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Honduras 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.02 3.45
World 76.63 76.26 79.63 79.63 0.00 0.00 3.37 4.42

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 17 Cotton Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Kilograms per hectare) (Million 480 lb. bales)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan 2022/23 2023/24 Dec Jan MBales Percent MBales Percent
World 31.60 31.17 30.90 30.85 801 789 827 843 116.30 112.98 117.39 119.45 2.06 1.75 6.47 5.72
United States 2.95 2.61 3.49 3.35 1,068 1,008 888 938 14.47 12.07 14.26 14.41 0.16 1.12 2.35 19.46
Total Foreign 28.65 28.57 27.41 27.51 774 769 819 831 101.83 100.92 103.13 105.03 1.90 1.84 4.12 4.08
none
South Asia
India 12.93 12.68 11.80 11.80 443 436 461 461 26.30 25.40 25.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -1.57
Pakistan 1.80 2.40 2.00 2.00 472 635 599 566 3.90 7.00 5.50 5.20 -0.30 -5.45 -1.80 -25.71
China 3.10 2.85 2.85 2.90 2,160 2,089 2,154 2,252 30.75 27.35 28.20 30.00 1.80 6.38 2.65 9.69
South America
Brazil 1.60 1.66 1.97 1.97 1,595 1,911 1,868 1,868 11.72 14.57 16.90 16.90 0.00 0.00 2.33 15.99
Argentina 0.51 0.62 0.60 0.60 495 578 644 644 1.17 1.65 1.78 1.78 0.00 0.00 0.13 7.58
Paraguay 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 890 812 837 837 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.05 21.95
Africa
Burkina Faso 0.62 0.46 0.35 0.35 273 361 379 379 0.78 0.77 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 -0.17 -21.57
Mali 0.60 0.71 0.63 0.63 269 407 373 373 0.74 1.33 1.07 1.07 0.00 0.00 -0.26 -19.43
Cote d'Ivoire 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.37 236 358 430 430 0.45 0.65 0.73 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.08 12.31
Benin 0.57 0.51 0.55 0.55 418 482 503 503 1.10 1.13 1.26 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.13 11.50
Egypt 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.13 661 686 712 712 0.43 0.32 0.43 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.11 34.92
Cameroon 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.23 563 671 644 644 0.60 0.74 0.68 0.68 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -8.11
Tanzania 0.36 0.47 0.44 0.44 184 220 173 173 0.31 0.47 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.12 -25.53
Nigeria 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 282 282 282 282 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Zimbabwe 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 195 195 195 195 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ethiopia 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 726 713 713 713 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Former Soviet Union - 12
Uzbekistan 1.05 1.03 1.00 1.00 663 613 653 653 3.20 2.90 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.45
Turkmenistan 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 348 348 348 348 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tajikistan 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 726 647 605 605 0.60 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.01 2.04
Kazakhstan 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 487 558 544 544 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Middle East
Turkey 0.56 0.44 0.47 0.47 1,922 1,583 1,873 1,873 4.90 3.20 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 25.00
Syria 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1,161 1,161 1,161 1,161 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 977 762 871 871 0.53 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.05 14.29
Australia 0.65 0.51 0.55 0.60 1,943 2,156 1,979 1,960 5.80 5.00 5.00 5.40 0.40 8.00 0.40 8.00
Mexico 0.20 0.13 0.12 0.12 1,720 1,435 1,497 1,497 1.58 0.87 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -5.17
Burma 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 664 654 654 654 0.56 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.39
Others 1.58 1.65 1.62 1.62 590 525 551 551 4.27 3.98 4.09 4.09 0.00 0.00 0.11 2.79

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 January 2025

Global Market Analysis
 TABLE 18

The table below presents a record of the January projection and the final estimate. Using world wheat production as an
example, the "root mean square error" means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current forecast will not be above or
below the final estimate by more than 0.7 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90% confidence level) that the difference will
not exceed 1.1 percent. The average difference between the January projection and the final estimate is 3.1 million tons,
ranging from 0 million to 8.3 million tons. The January projection has been below the estimate 33 times and above 9 times.
RELIABILITY OF PRODUCTION PROJECTIONS 1/
Difference between forecast and final estimate
90 percent
COMMODITY AND Root mean
confidence Years
REGION square error
interval Below Above
Average Smallest Largest final final

Percent ---Million metric tons---

WHEAT
World 0.7 1.1 3.1 0.0 8.3 33 9

U.S. 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 18 12

Foreign 0.8 1.3 3.1 0.1 8.3 32 10

COARSE GRAINS 2/
World 1.3 2.2 11.0 0.0 37.7 30 12

U.S. 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.0 4.6 17 12

Foreign 1.8 3.1 10.9 0.0 37.6 29 13

RICE (Milled)
World 1.6 2.7 5.0 0.0 13.9 35 6

1.6 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 13 7

U.S.
Foreign 1.6 2.8 5.0 0.1 13.9 36 6

SOYBEANS
World 3.4 5.7 5.5 0.0 22.4 22 20

U.S. 1.3 2.3 0.7 0.0 2.5 18 19

Foreign 5.7 9.5 5.6 0.2 22.6 22 20

COTTON ---Million 480-lb. bales---

World 2.5 4.3 1.9 0.0 5.4 26 15

U.S. 1.2 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.4 14 27

Foreign 3.1 5.2 1.9 0.0 5.7 29 12

UNITED STATES -------Million bushels-------

CORN 0.4 0.7 14 0 148 4 7

SORGHUM 1.0 1.6 2 0 53 1 3

BARLEY 0.9 1.6 1 0 11 21 4

OATS 0.4 0.7 0 0 2 5 4

1/ Marketing years 1981/82 through 2023/24 for grains, soybeans, and cotton. Final for grains, soybeans, and cotton is
defined as the first November estimate following the marketing year for 1981/82 through 2022/23, and for 2023/24 the
last month’s estimate.
2/ Includes corn, sorghum, barley, oats, rye, millet, and mixed grain

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 30 January 2025

Global Market Analysis