United States

Department of
Agriculture

Foreign
World Agricultural
Production
Agricultural
Service

Circular Series
WAP 06-25
June 2025

India Rice: MY 2025/26 Record Production Following a Bumper MY 2024/25 Season

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2024/25 rice production (milled basis) at the second highest
on record at 150.0 million metric tons (mmt) and up 9 percent from MY 2023/24. Harvested area
is estimated at a record 51.0 million hectares (mha) and up 7 percent from MY 2023/24. Yield
(rough basis) is estimated as the second highest on record at 4.41 tons per hectare (t/ha), up 2
percent from the MY 2023/24 season.

The MY 2024/25 second highest production was primarily due to a record planted area and ideal
in-season growing conditions across the principal kharif rice growing regions. The advance of the
2024 southwest monsoon (the major rainfall system) was characterized as very favorable. The
monsoon was reported to advance on time and extended deep into the season with a later
withdrawal than normal. In some regions, farmers were drawn to shift from cotton to rice due to
its potential for higher yields and less risk than cotton. In-season crop condition analysis and
evaluation showed good crop vigor across the Indo-Gangetic Plains, consisting of Uttar Pradesh,
Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board
 Punjab, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha. The Indo-Gangetic Plains account for
approximately 35 percent of the total kharif crop. Most farmers planted beyond the optimal
planting window, typically from May through July for the kharif crop. The late planted rice
benefited from favorable rains, which extended into August and September due to the late
withdrawal of the southwest monsoon. The India Ministry of Agriculture’s Third Advance
Estimate, published at the end of May, reported rice planting at 49.5 mha, significantly higher than
the previous season and the 5-year average.

Following the MY 2024/25 season, USDA forecasts MY 2025/26 rice production at a record 151.0
mmt (milled basis), up 2 percent from last month, 1 percent from last year and 11 percent from the
5-year average. Harvested area is forecast at 51.0 mha, up 1 percent from last month, unchanged
from last year’s record, and up 7 percent from the 5-year average. The yield (rough basis) is
estimated at a record 4.44 t/ha, up 1 percent from last month and last year, and 4 percent above the
5-year average. The 2025 southwest monsoon is reported to have started approximately 8 days
earlier than expected. According to FAS/New Delhi, at the end of May, conditions were favorable,
and rice sowing was reportedly progressing well and ahead of the normal pace.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 India reports three distinct rice growing seasons, kharif, rabi, and summer. The kharif crop
(planting is from May-August) accounts for 82 percent of the total crop, while the rabi crop
(planting November-February) accounts for roughly 11 percent and the summer crop (planting
March-May) makes up 7 percent. (For more information, please contact Dath.Mita@usda.gov.)

India Wheat: Production Estimated at a Record

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2025/26 wheat production at a record 117.5 million metric
tons (mmt), up 1 percent from last month and 4 percent from last year. Harvested area is estimated
at 32.9 million hectares, up 1 percent from last month, 3 percent from last year and 5 percent from
the 5-year average. Yield is estimated at a record 3.57 metric tons per hectare, down 1 percent
from last month, slightly above last year, and 2 percent above the 5-year average.

From the start-of-season in October to the end-of-season in April, satellite-derived MODIS

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) observations indicated favorable irrigation water
resources, soil moisture, and crop progress over the main wheat growing areas, especially in Utter
Pradesh (that accounts for 30 percent of total production), Madhya Pradesh (23 percent), Punjab
(15 percent), Rajasthan (10 percent), and Haryana (10 percent). These conditions facilitated rapid
planting, crop establishment, development and grain filling. These observations were also
corroborated by national and regional crop condition analysis inputs from FAS/New Delhi.
Farmers were also encouraged by the government’s pronouncement of relatively higher minimum
support prices than last year. The India Ministry of Agriculture’s Third Advance Estimate,
published at the end of May 2025, reported wheat production at a record 117.51 mmt.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Wheat is grown only in the rabi (winter) season and is planted from early November until January
and harvested from late February until April. (For more information, please contact
Dath.Mita@usda.gov.)

Ukraine Wheat: Lower Area Drives Production Down Despite Promising Yield

USDA forecasts Ukraine wheat production for marketing year 2025/26 at 23.0 million metric tons,
unchanged from last month and down 2 percent from last year. Yield is forecast at 4.60 tons per
hectare, unchanged from last month and up 2 percent from last year. Harvested area is forecast at
5.0 million hectares (mha), unchanged from last month and down 4 percent from last year.

At present, Ukraine can be divided into two zones, areas in conflict and areas not in conflict. As
elaborated by FAS/Kyiv in Ukraine, due to the ongoing war there is no official and reliable
information about the status of Ukraine’s agriculture in the conflict zone. As a result, area and
production data currently provided by FAS/Kyiv, Ukraine’s Ministry of Agriculture (MinAg), and
the State Statistical Service of Ukraine, which inform USDA’s forecasts, do not reflect the whole
country. MinAg also does not include Crimea. USDA crop production estimates for Ukraine
include forecast output from Crimea. Crimean area and production numbers are extracted from the
agricultural crop reports provided by the Russian Statistical Agency, Rosstat.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Based on official data published by MinAg, as of December 2, winter wheat, barley, rye, and
rapeseed have been planted on an area of 6.2 mha. Wheat, which is the main winter crop, accounts
for about 71 percent of the total winter crop area or about 4.5 mha. Wheat in Crimea is
predominantly a winter crop, and its area is, on average, about 0.3 mha. As of March 3, MinAg’s
spring wheat forecast for this season is 0.2 mha. Spring planting is ongoing and as of May 29, 95
percent of the planned spring wheat crop has been planted.

After the dry winter, weather has improved, and beneficial May rains have brought some much-
needed moisture to most of the key wheat growing regions. Thus, the crop is currently approaching
or progressing through flowering under overall favorable weather conditions. As captured by the
satellited-derived MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the vegetation
response is mixed, between above and near average across the Steppe zone and slightly below
average in the Forest Steppe zone. NDVI regression-based analysis suggests a higher yield this
season compared to last year.

Winter wheat, which accounts for about 97 percent of total wheat production in Ukraine, is
typically planted between early September and mid-November. Harvest generally occurs from the
end of June until mid-August. (For more information, please contact
Iliana.Mladenova@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Uzbekistan Wheat: High Heat During Flowering Lowers Yield

USDA estimates Uzbekistan wheat production for marketing year 2025/26 at 6.1 million metric
tons, down 6 percent from last month, and 9 percent from last year. Wheat yield is estimated at
4.64 tons per hectare, down 6 percent from last month, and 10 percent from last year. Harvested
area is estimated at 1.3 million hectares, unchanged from last month, and up 1 percent from last
year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Wheat planting occurs from August through November. During late April and early May, the
wheat crop was generally in the flowering stage, which is a vulnerable crop development stage for
wheat. Multiple days of extreme heat (35 degrees Celsius or higher) during this period resulted in
yield loss. In addition to the extreme heat, conditions also dried out during the flowering stage.
Prior to flowering, the available water from the winter snowpack and spring rainfall was adequate.
Therefore, even with the dryness during flowering, there were some moisture reservoirs to draw
upon to combat the high heat, preserving yield from decreasing further. Harvest generally occurs
from June through August. (For more information, please contact Katie.McGaughey@usda.gov.)

Northwest Africa Wheat: Production Up Despite Mixed Conditions from West to East

USDA estimates the combined wheat production in Northwest Africa for MY 2025/26, which
includes the countries of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, at 8.1 million metric tons (mmt). This
estimate is up 0.4 mmt from last month, with 0.2 mmt increases in both Morocco and Algeria.
Production for the three country region is up 1.4 mmt from last year and 2 percent above the 5-
year average. Harvested area is estimated at a combined 4.6 million hectares (mha), unchanged
from last month, but up slightly from last year. Northwest Africa’s yield is estimated at 1.77 tons
per hectare (t/ha), up 5 percent from last month and 21 percent from last year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Morocco is typically the largest single wheat producer in the three country region. Farmers
normally begin planting after the arrival of autumn rains in October and November. Rainfall
during November and December 2024 was far below average in Morocco and western Algeria,
causing delays, poor emergence, and reduced sowing area. As a result of these sub-optimal
conditions, a fourth consecutive, below-average crop is occurring in Morocco, with low harvested
area (2.2 mha), low yield (1.59 t/ha), and low production (3.5 mmt). The crop is significantly below
the 10-year average of 2.7 mha, 1.73 t/ha, and 4.9 mmt. Conditions in Morocco improved
substantially late in the season as rainfall increased dramatically in February and March, allowing
late planted crops to make a significant recovery, boosting the low production level. Satellite-
derived MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) shows the very slow start of the
MY 2025/26 and MY 2024/25 seasons due to the scarcity of rainfall during autumn and early
winter.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Algeria is often the second largest wheat-producer in Northwest Africa. Wheat for MY 2025/26 is
estimated at 3.2 mmt versus 3.0 mmt for both last year and the 5-year average. Favorable wet
conditions in the east contrast with damaging dry conditions in the west. Near-average conditions
occurred along the central coast. MODIS NDVI depicts the change in crop conditions, improving
from west to east.

Tunisia is often the third largest wheat producer among the three countries in Northwest Africa.
Tunisia’s wheat crop is estimated at a bumper 1.4 mmt, 0.2 mmt above last year and 32 percent
above the 5-year average. Tunisia received favorable rainfall since planting and crop vigor reached
peak or near-peak levels as shown in the MODIS NDVI graph. (For more information, please
contact Bryan.Purcell@usda.gov.)

Spain Wheat: Near-Record Yield and Production Expected After Abundant Rains

USDA estimates wheat production in Spain for marketing year (MY) 2025/26 at 8.2 million metric
tons, up 7 percent from last month, 8 percent from last year, and 21 percent above the 5-year
average. Harvested area is estimated at 2.0 million hectares, unchanged from last month, but up 4
percent from last year, and nearly equivalent to the 5-year average. Yield is estimated at 4.05 tons
per hectare, 7 percent above last month, 4 percent above last year, and 21 percent above the 5-year
average.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Spain is in its second consecutive season with above-normal precipitation for winter wheat,
contributing to higher yields and production levels. MY 2022/23 and MY 2023/24 were
significantly lower because Spain was mired in a multi-year drought. This year, all growing
regions in Spain have benefited from above-average rainfall. Satellite-derived MODIS Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) depicts improved vegetation health during the last two
seasons compared to average. Spain contributes about 5 percent of the annual European Union
(EU) wheat crop, but it harvests a significant portion of EU’s durum, grown in the southern
province of Andalucía. The wheat harvest typically begins in Andalucía during May and moves
northward in June. Rains have likely delayed operations this year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 For country-specific area, yield, and production estimates within the EU, please go to USDA PSD
Online at https://apps.fas.usda.gov/PSDOnline/app/index.html#/app/home, and select
“Downloadable Data Sets.” Select the zipped file for “EU Countries Area & Production.” (For
more information, please contact Bryan.Purcell@usda.gov.)

South Africa Corn: MY 2024/25 Production Recovers from Previous Year’s El Niño
Drought

USDA estimates South Africa marketing year (MY) 2024/25 corn production at 15.8 million
metric tons, down 2 percent from last month, but up 17 percent from MY 2023/24’s reduced
production caused by an El Niño drought. The MY 2024/25 corn production estimate includes
output from both developing and commercial sectors, with the commercial sector accounting for
approximately 96 percent of total corn production. Harvested area is estimated at 3.0 million
hectares (mha), down 2 percent from the previous month and down 1 percent from the previous
year. Yield is estimated at 5.33 metric tons per hectare, up 18 percent from the previous year’s
drought reduced crop, and 1 percent above the 5-year average.

Corn planting starts from early October and extends to January depending on the arrival of seasonal
rains during planting, with the optimal planting months of November and December. The MY
2024/25 corn production season experienced an unfavorable planting season from October through
December 2024 due to below average rainfall. Additionally, there was a 30-day dry spell from
mid-November through mid-December, and several heat waves during the planting season. Early-
season crop conditions in January were poor, but mid-season crop conditions were boosted by
above-average rains from February through March 2025, with slightly below-average yields
expected by the end of harvest. South Africa’s primarily rainfed corn crop is harvested from April
through September and the bulk of the harvest (87 percent) is typically delivered to the silos from
May through August.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 South Africa’s Crop Estimates Committee (CEC) estimated commercial corn area (large fields) at
2.596 mha, and developing sector corn area (small fields) at 358,000 hectares for the total of 2.955
mha. CEC commercial area estimates at the province level are derived from a combination of aerial
flights conducted by the Producer Independent Crop Estimate System (PICES), Sentinel-2A/B
satellite imagery analysis, and traditional ground sampling methods. CEC, however, does not
conduct aerial crop surveys over smaller fields located in the developing sector or provide
developing sector area estimates at the province level. USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service
leveraged automated 10-meter cloud computing algorithms for more detailed, timely, accurate
area estimates for both small and large fields and provided corn area estimates at the district
level when the harvest season started in late April. (For more information, please contact
Curt.Reynolds@usda.gov.)

Russia Sunflowerseed: Record Production Expected This Season

USDA forecasts Russia sunflowerseed production for marketing year (MY) 2025/26 at a record
17.5 million metric tons, unchanged from last month, up 4 percent from last year and 11 percent
above the 5-year average. Yield is forecast at 1.82 tons per hectare, unchanged from last month,
up 4 percent from last year and 6 percent above the 5-year average. Harvested area is forecast at
9.6 million hectares (mha), unchanged from last month and last year, and up 4 percent above the
5-year average.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 According to the Ministry of Agriculture (MinAg), 9.67 mha of sunflowerseed is planned to be
sown this year. The planting campaign is ongoing, and the pace is ahead of last year. As of May
23, 8.4 mha of sunflowerseed has been sown compared to 7.0 mha during the same period last
year. This season’s harvested area forecast is the second highest, along with MY 2024/25, after
the MY 2021/22 record.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 The record production is also driven by an anticipated increase in yield relative to last year. Poor
weather associated with below average rainfall and excessive heat during the MY 2024/25 growing
season hampered crop growth and resulted in a lower end of season yield than initially anticipated.
MY 2025/26 yield is projected to rebound to the third highest on record on the assumption of
normal weather and sufficient access to agrochemicals, machinery, and high-quality hybrid seeds.
USDA crop production forecasts for Russia exclude forecasted output from Crimea. (For more
information, please contact Iliana.Mladenova@usda.gov.)

Malaysia Palm Oil: MY 2024/25 Estimated Production Revised Upward

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2024/25 Malaysia palm oil production at 19.4 million
metric tons, up 4 percent from last month, but down 2 percent from MY 2023/24. Harvested area
is estimated at 5.6 million hectares, unchanged from last month, but up 1 percent from last year.
Yield is estimated at 3.46 tons per hectare, up 4 percent from last month, but down 2 percent from
last year.

After a bleak start to the season, which adversely impacted Malaysia’s monthly crude palm oil
(CPO) output, a return to normal weather conditions enabled harvest operations to resume. Since
the beginning of the marketing year, which began in October 2024, CPO monthly output trailed
behind both the MY 2023/24 campaign and the 5-year average until April, according to the
Malaysia Palm Oil Board (MPOB) reports. For the second consecutive month, May’s CPO output
surpassed both the MY 2023/24 and the 5-year average by 4 percent and 12 percent, respectively.
The higher-than-expected output for both April and May reflects favorable weather and a reaction
to higher prices, as harvest operations historically increase in a profitable market. MY 2024/25
will end in September 2025. (For more information, please contact Justin.Jenkins@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 China Cotton: Production Increase Due to Higher Projected Harvested Area and Yield

USDA forecasts China marketing year (MY) 2025/26 cotton production at 30.0 million 480-pound
bales, up 3 percent from last month, down 6 percent from last year, and up 3 percent from the 5-
year average. Harvested area is forecast at 3.0 million hectares, up 2 percent from last month and
last year, but down 1 percent from the 5-year average. Yield is forecast at 2,214 kilograms per
hectare, up 2 percent from last month, but down 8 percent from last year, and 3 percent above the
5-year average.

In recent years, yields continue to be significantly above the long-term trend due to the increasing
quantity of cotton produced in Xinjiang province where yield has nearly doubled compared to
elsewhere in the country. More than 90 percent of total China cotton is now produced in Xinjiang
province using pest-resistant, genetically modified cotton seeds under highly mechanized farming
and irrigation systems. According to Xinjiang Provincial Statistics Department, approximately 41
percent of cotton is produced by Xinjiang Production and Construction Engineering Corp (PCC)
and 59 percent is produced by the Local Cooperative System.

The typical cotton growing season is April to October. In Xinjiang, planting starts in April while
in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins planting begins in late April and extends through
May. The start-of-season satellite-based derivatives indicated favorable irrigation reservoirs, soil
moisture conditions and crop progress over the main cotton growing areas. These conditions
facilitated rapid planting, early crop establishment and development. The observations were also
supported by a combination of national and regional crop condition analysis inputs from

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 15 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 FAS/Beijing. In Xinjiang, sowing was complete in May and the crop is progressing favorably. In
general, the crop is at advanced square development and early stages of flowering and blooming.
In addition to the favorable planting and crop development conditions, farmers continue to be
encouraged by the government’s continuation of the target price-based cotton subsidy.

The year-to-year 2 percent increase in harvested area is primarily due to marginal area expansion
in the major cotton producing province of Xinjiang, while regions outside Xinjiang continued to
experience larger area reductions especially in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins. The
significant year-to-year yield increase, especially in Xinjiang, continues to offset planted area
reductions, resulting in significant increases in national cotton production. (For more information,
please contact Dath.Mita@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 World Agricultural Production
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service / Global Market Analysis
International Production Assessment Division (IPAD)
GMA/IPAD Room 5071, South Building
1400 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20250-1051
https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/

This report uses information from the Foreign Agricultural Service’s (FAS) global network of
agricultural attachés and counselors, official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign
source materials, and the analysis of economic data and satellite imagery. Estimates of foreign
area, yield, and production are from the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD),
FAS, and are reviewed by USDA’s Inter-Agency Commodity Estimates Committee. Estimates of
U.S. area, yield, and production are from USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.
Numbers within the report may not add to totals because of rounding. This report reflects official
USDA estimates released in the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE-
584), June 12, 2025.

The FAS International Production Assessment Division prepared this report. The next issue of
World Agricultural Production will be released after 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time, July 11, 2025.

Conversion Table

Metric tons to bushels

Wheat, soybeans = MT * 36.7437

Corn, sorghum, rye = MT * 39.36825
Barley = MT * 45.929625
Oats = MT * 68.894438

Metric tons to 480-lb bales

Cotton = MT * 4.592917

Metric tons to hundredweight

Rice = MT * 22.04622

Area & weight

1 hectare = 2.471044 acres
1 kilogram = 2.204622 pounds

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 For further information, contact:
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service
Global Market Analysis
International Production Assessment Division
GMA/IPAD Room 5071, South Building
1400 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20250-1051

GENERAL INFORMATION

Senior Director Ronald Frantz ronald.frantz@usda.gov

Director Vacant
USDA Remote Sensing Advisor Vacant
Sr. Analyst/Technical Lead Curt Reynolds, Ph.D. curt.reynolds@usda.gov
Sr. Analyst/ Satellite Imagery Dath Mita, Ph.D. dath.mita@usda.gov
Archives Manager/Technical Lead
Sr. Analyst/Technical Lead Vacant
GIS Mapping/Imagery Analyst Lisa Colson lisa.colson@usda.gov
WAP Coordinators Shannon Moyo shannon.moyo@usda.gov
Vacant

ANALYSIS REGIONS ANALYST CONTACT INFORMATION

Brazil, Pakistan, and South Asia Aaron Mulhollen aaron.mulhollen@usda.gov

South America (except Brazil), and Katie McGaughey katie.mcgaughey@usda.gov

Central Asia

Europe, North Africa, and Middle East Bryan Purcell bryan.purcell@usda.gov

India, China and East Asia Dath Mita, Ph.D. dath.mita@usda.gov

South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa Curt Reynolds, Ph.D. curt.reynolds@usda.gov

Indonesia and Southeast Asia Justin Jenkins justin.jenkins@usda.gov

Mexico and Central America Lisa Colson lisa.colson@usda.gov

Australia and Oceania Shannon Moyo shannon.moyo@usda.gov

Canada and Caribbean Sarah Parker sarah.parker@usda.gov

Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Iliana Mladenova, Ph.D. iliana.mladenova@usda.gov

and Belarus

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD)
database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply
and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.

FAS Reports and Databases:

World Agricultural Production

Current: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/world-agricultural-production
Archive: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/5q47rn72z?locale=en
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) publishes a monthly report on crop acreage, yield and production in major
countries worldwide. Sources include reporting from FAS’s worldwide offices, official statistics of foreign
governments, and analysis of economic data and satellite imagery. The reports reflect official USDA estimates
released in the monthly World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE).

World Markets and Trade

Current: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data
Archive:
https://usda.library.cornell.edu/catalog?f%5Bmember_of_collections_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Foreign+Agricultural+Se
rvice&locale=en
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) publishes monthly and quarterly reports which include data on U.S. and
global trade, production, consumption and stocks, as well as analysis of developments affecting world trade in
oilseeds, grains, cotton, livestock and poultry. The reports reflect official USDA estimates released in the monthly
World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE).

Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN)

https://gain.fas.usda.gov/
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides timely reports on foreign markets through the Global
Agriculture Information Network (GAIN) database. An average of 2,000 reports are added each year, with reports
going back to 1995. GAIN reports are compiled by FAS’ global market intelligence network, which includes FAS
foreign service officers and locally engaged staff in over 90 overseas offices world-wide. They provide on-the-ground
intelligence, insight, and analysis on nearly 200 countries, delivering information on foreign agricultural markets, crop
conditions, and agro-political dynamics of interest to U.S. agriculture. GAIN reports contain assessments of
commodity and trade issues made by USDA staff and are not necessarily statements of official U.S. government
policy.
Production, Supply and Distribution (PS&D) Online
https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/home
PSD Online is the public repository for USDA’s Official Production, Supply and Distribution forecast data and reports
for key agricultural commodities. PSD Online data are reviewed and updated monthly by an interagency committee
chaired by USDA’s World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB). The committee consist of representatives from
Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), the Economic Research Service (ERS), the Farm Service Agency (FSA), and the
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS).

EU Countries and Russia Wheat: Area and Production Estimates

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/downloads (click on PSD Datasets)
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides country-level area and production estimates for the nations of
the European Union. For Russia, country-level area and production estimates are provided for Winter and Spring
wheat. These datasets are reviewed and updated monthly by an interagency committee chaired by USDA’s World
Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) and can be downloaded through PSD datasets on PSD Online.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 FAS Reports and Databases:

International Production Assessment (IPAD)

https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) maintains a dynamic global crop production portal with key information
including World Agricultural Production (WAP) briefs, Commodity Intelligence Reports (CIR), geospatial
applications, crop production maps at a subnational level and crop calendars for the top-20 producing countries.
Additionally, Crop Explorer (https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/) displays rainfall, temperature,
evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snow cover, and vegetation conditions in charts and maps.

USDA and NASA Global Agricultural Monitoring (GLAM)

https://glam1.gsfc.nasa.gov/
The USDA and NASA Global Agricultural Monitoring (GLAM) system provides near real-time and science quality
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from
the satellites Terra and Aqua. The public can view and retrieve MODIS 8-day composited, global NDVI satellite
imagery and time series data. GLAM was developed by NASA’s Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies
(GIMMS) group for USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service.

Global Agricultural and Disaster Assessment System (GADAS)

https://geo.fas.usda.gov/GADAS/index.html
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides the Global Agricultural and Disaster Assessment System
(GADAS), a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) tool which integrates a vast array of highly detailed
earth observation data streams, particularly targeted towards agricultural and disaster assessment analysis. GADAS is
an interactive website which provides analysts with a wide variety of routine geospatial products (maps, charts, tables)
they require for comprehensive situational investigations and recurring assessments.

Export Sales Reporting

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/esrquery/
USDA’s Export Sales Reporting Program monitors U.S. agricultural export sales on a daily and weekly basis. Export
sales reporting provides a constant stream of up-to-date market information for 40 U.S. agricultural commodities sold
abroad. The weekly U.S. Export Sales report is the most currently available source of U.S. exports sales data. The data
is used to analyze overall levels of export demand, determine where markets exit, and assess the relative position of
U.S. commodities in foreign markets.

Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS)

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/default.aspx
The Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS) is a searchable database containing monthly U.S. Census Bureau trade
data organized by agricultural commodity and agricultural related product groups. Trade data is searchable by partner
countries and partner groups. Historical U.S. agricultural trade data is available back to 1967. In addition, U.N. trade
statistics (UN Comtrade) may be queried through GATS. UN trade data is available for nearly 200 countries or areas,
dating from the inception of the Harmonized System (HS) of trade codes in 1989 to present. The database is
continuously updated. U.S. trade data is updated monthly according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s reporting system.
UN Comtrade data are updated in GATS after nationally submitted data to the UN are standardized by the UN
Statistical Division and added to the UN Comtrade database.

Other USDA Reports:

World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE):
http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/
Economic Research Service:
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops
National Agricultural Statistics Service:
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 01 World Crop Production Summary
Million Metric Tons
World Total North North North Former Former Europea Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia South South Selected Selected Selected All
- Foreign America America America Soviet Soviet n (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) America America Other Other Other Others
Commodity
none none United Canada Mexico Russia Ukraine none China India Indo- Paki- Thai- Argen- Brazil Aus- South Turkey none
- - States - - - - - - - nesia stan land tina - tralia Africa - -

---Million metric tons---

Wheat
2023/24 792.0 742.9 49.1 32.9 3.5 91.5 23.0 nr 136.6 110.6 0.0 28.2 0.0 15.9 8.1 26.0 2.1 21.0 243.7
2024/25 prel. 799.9 746.3 53.7 35.0 2.6 81.6 23.4 nr 140.1 113.3 0.0 31.4 0.0 18.5 7.9 34.1 1.9 19.0 237.4
2025/26 proj.
May 808.5 756.2 52.3 36.0 1.7 83.0 23.0 nr 142.0 117.0 0.0 28.5 0.0 20.0 8.0 31.0 2.0 19.0 245.0
Jun 808.6 756.3 52.3 36.0 1.7 83.0 23.0 nr 142.0 117.5 0.0 28.5 0.0 20.0 8.0 31.0 2.0 19.0 244.6

Coarse Grains
2023/24 1,507.0 1,104.1 402.9 27.5 28.8 42.5 39.8 nr 297.4 57.2 12.7 10.2 5.4 59.4 124.8 14.5 13.9 17.0 352.9
2024/25 prel. 1,504.1 1,113.3 390.9 27.5 28.5 34.8 33.5 nr 303.5 61.6 12.8 9.3 5.4 59.1 136.6 17.3 16.3 14.8 352.4
2025/26 proj.
May 1,549.5 1,133.5 416.0 27.1 29.7 37.7 37.0 nr 304.0 60.1 13.3 10.1 5.5 61.4 137.6 16.7 17.0 15.2 361.2
Jun 1,550.7 1,134.7 416.0 27.1 29.7 37.7 37.0 nr 304.0 61.1 13.3 10.1 5.5 61.6 137.6 16.7 17.0 15.2 361.1

Rice, Milled
2023/24 523.7 516.8 6.9 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 nr 144.6 137.8 33.0 9.9 20.0 0.8 7.2 0.4 0.0 0.5 161.6
2024/25 prel. 541.2 534.1 7.1 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 nr 145.3 150.0 34.6 9.8 20.5 1.0 8.2 0.3 0.0 0.6 162.8
2025/26 proj.
May 538.7 531.8 7.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 nr 146.0 148.0 33.6 9.8 20.4 0.9 7.6 0.3 0.0 0.6 163.6
Jun 541.6 534.8 6.8 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 nr 146.0 151.0 33.6 9.8 20.4 0.9 7.6 0.3 0.0 0.6 163.6

Total Grains
2023/24 2,822.6 2,363.7 458.9 60.5 32.5 134.7 62.8 nr 578.6 305.5 45.7 48.3 25.4 76.0 140.1 40.9 16.0 38.6 758.2
2024/25 prel. 2,845.2 2,393.6 451.6 62.5 31.3 117.2 56.9 nr 588.8 324.8 47.4 50.5 25.9 78.6 152.7 51.8 18.2 34.3 752.6
2025/26 proj.
May 2,896.8 2,421.5 475.2 63.1 31.6 121.5 60.0 nr 592.0 325.1 46.9 48.4 25.9 82.3 153.2 48.0 19.0 34.8 769.8
Jun 2,900.9 2,425.8 475.1 63.1 31.6 121.5 60.0 nr 592.0 329.6 46.9 48.4 25.9 82.5 153.2 48.1 19.0 34.8 769.3

Oilseeds
2023/24 658.0 535.8 122.2 26.3 0.6 28.1 25.5 nr 66.9 41.4 13.9 3.8 1.0 54.2 160.3 7.4 2.8 3.1 100.5
2024/25 prel. 677.3 548.9 128.4 26.4 0.7 28.6 23.8 nr 67.8 42.5 14.7 2.9 1.0 55.9 176.1 7.6 3.5 3.1 94.3
2025/26 proj.
May 692.1 563.6 128.5 26.5 0.6 30.6 24.7 nr 67.6 43.4 15.1 3.2 1.0 54.8 182.5 7.3 3.6 3.4 99.1
Jun 692.2 563.9 128.4 26.5 0.6 30.6 24.7 nr 67.9 43.0 15.1 3.0 1.0 54.8 182.5 7.3 3.6 3.4 99.6

Cotton
2023/24 113.0 100.9 12.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.0 27.4 25.4 0.0 7.0 0.0 1.7 14.6 5.0 0.1 3.2 14.7
2024/25 prel. 119.9 105.5 14.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.2 32.0 24.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 1.4 17.0 5.6 0.1 4.0 14.4
2025/26 proj.
May 117.8 103.3 14.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.3 29.0 24.5 0.0 5.5 0.0 1.7 18.3 4.1 0.1 3.6 14.6
Jun 117.0 103.0 14.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.3 30.0 23.5 0.0 5.2 0.0 1.7 18.3 4.1 0.1 3.6 14.6

1/ Includes wheat, coarse grains, and rice (milled) shown above.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 02 Wheat Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 222.87 222.52 221.85 222.06 3.55 3.59 3.64 3.64 791.95 799.91 808.52 808.59 0.07 0.01 8.68 1.08
United States 15.01 15.57 15.07 15.07 3.27 3.45 3.47 3.47 49.10 53.65 52.28 52.28 0.00 0.01 -1.37 -2.55
Total Foreign 207.87 206.96 206.78 206.99 3.57 3.61 3.66 3.65 742.86 746.26 756.24 756.31 0.07 0.01 10.05 1.35
none
European Union 24.32 22.70 24.00 24.00 5.57 5.38 5.67 5.69 135.38 122.12 136.00 136.55 0.55 0.40 14.43 11.81
United Kingdom 1.72 1.53 1.63 1.63 8.13 7.30 7.98 7.85 13.98 11.15 13.00 12.80 -0.20 -1.54 1.65 14.84
Serbia 0.73 0.63 0.60 0.60 4.69 5.28 5.33 5.33 3.40 3.30 3.20 3.20 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -3.03
China 23.63 23.59 23.60 23.60 5.78 5.94 6.02 6.02 136.59 140.10 142.00 142.00 0.00 0.00 1.90 1.36
South Asia
India 31.40 31.83 32.50 32.90 3.52 3.56 3.60 3.57 110.55 113.29 117.00 117.51 0.51 0.44 4.22 3.72
Pakistan 9.03 9.63 9.10 9.10 3.12 3.26 3.13 3.13 28.16 31.44 28.50 28.50 0.00 0.00 -2.94 -9.35
Afghanistan 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.25 2.20 2.26 2.13 2.13 5.17 5.20 4.80 4.80 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -7.69
Nepal 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.71 2.90 2.92 3.10 3.10 2.09 2.10 2.20 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 4.76
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 28.83 27.80 27.20 27.20 3.17 2.94 3.05 3.05 91.50 81.60 83.00 83.00 0.00 0.00 1.40 1.72
Russia Winter 15.27 15.70 15.20 15.20 4.19 3.55 3.88 3.88 64.00 55.80 59.00 59.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 5.73
Russia Spring 13.56 12.10 12.00 12.00 2.03 2.13 2.00 2.00 27.50 25.80 24.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 -1.80 -6.98
Ukraine 5.01 5.20 5.00 5.00 4.59 4.50 4.60 4.60 23.00 23.40 23.00 23.00 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -1.71
Kazakhstan 13.13 13.07 12.90 12.90 0.92 1.42 1.12 1.12 12.11 18.58 14.50 14.50 0.00 0.00 -4.08 -21.95
Uzbekistan 1.40 1.30 1.32 1.32 4.62 5.15 4.94 4.64 6.46 6.70 6.50 6.10 -0.40 -6.15 -0.60 -8.96
Belarus 0.66 0.72 0.73 0.73 3.61 3.82 3.70 3.70 2.40 2.75 2.70 2.70 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -1.82
Canada 10.70 10.65 10.90 10.90 3.08 3.28 3.30 3.30 32.95 34.96 36.00 36.00 0.00 0.00 1.04 2.98
South America
Argentina 5.58 6.35 6.50 6.50 2.84 2.92 3.08 3.08 15.85 18.54 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 1.46 7.89
Brazil 3.47 3.06 2.80 2.80 2.33 2.58 2.86 2.86 8.10 7.89 8.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 1.41
Australia 12.37 13.06 12.50 12.50 2.10 2.61 2.48 2.48 25.96 34.11 31.00 31.00 0.00 0.00 -3.11 -9.12
Africa
Egypt 1.35 1.40 1.43 1.43 6.57 6.57 6.50 6.50 8.87 9.20 9.30 9.30 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.09
Morocco 2.43 2.20 2.20 2.20 1.71 1.12 1.50 1.59 4.16 2.46 3.30 3.50 0.20 6.06 1.04 42.28
Algeria 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.50 1.67 1.67 1.78 2.70 3.00 3.00 3.20 0.20 6.67 0.20 6.67
Ethiopia 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.00 3.05 3.18 3.20 3.20 5.80 6.20 6.40 6.40 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.23
Middle East
Turkey 7.20 7.25 7.30 7.30 2.92 2.62 2.60 2.60 21.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.20 2.26 2.58 2.26 2.26 14.00 16.00 14.00 14.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00 -12.50
Iraq 2.60 2.70 2.40 2.40 2.00 2.22 1.92 1.83 5.20 6.00 4.60 4.40 -0.20 -4.35 -1.60 -26.67
Syria 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.20 2.03 2.14 1.14 1.08 3.03 3.00 1.60 1.30 -0.30 -18.75 -1.70 -56.67
Mexico 0.56 0.47 0.34 0.34 6.21 5.69 5.00 5.00 3.48 2.65 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 -0.95 -35.73
Others 7.27 7.47 7.47 7.49 2.88 2.89 2.94 2.89 20.97 21.54 21.94 21.65 -0.30 -1.34 0.11 0.52

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 June 2025
Global Market Analysis
 Table 03 Total Coarse Grain Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 341.79 336.74 340.44 340.49 4.41 4.47 4.55 4.55 1,506.95 1,504.11 1,549.52 1,550.70 1.18 0.08 46.58 3.10
United States 38.99 37.10 38.85 38.85 10.33 10.54 10.71 10.71 402.88 390.86 415.98 415.98 0.00 0.00 25.12 6.43
Total Foreign 302.80 299.64 301.59 301.64 3.65 3.72 3.76 3.76 1,104.07 1,113.26 1,133.54 1,134.72 1.18 0.10 21.46 1.93
none
China 46.71 47.24 46.88 46.88 6.37 6.42 6.48 6.48 297.38 303.47 303.95 303.95 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.16
European Union 26.02 26.33 26.03 26.03 5.27 5.21 5.42 5.43 137.04 137.18 141.03 141.33 0.30 0.21 4.15 3.02
United Kingdom 1.38 1.47 1.47 1.47 5.87 5.72 5.82 5.82 8.08 8.43 8.58 8.58 0.00 0.00 0.15 1.78
South America
Brazil 23.77 24.51 24.79 24.79 5.25 5.57 5.55 5.55 124.81 136.58 137.62 137.62 0.00 0.00 1.04 0.76
Argentina 10.10 8.98 9.94 9.99 5.88 6.58 6.18 6.17 59.37 59.10 61.42 61.62 0.20 0.33 2.52 4.27
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 12.88 11.74 11.95 11.95 3.30 2.96 3.16 3.16 42.54 34.78 37.73 37.73 0.00 0.00 2.95 8.48
Ukraine 6.24 6.05 6.13 6.13 6.38 5.53 6.04 6.04 39.78 33.47 37.04 37.04 0.00 0.00 3.57 10.65
Kazakhstan 2.87 2.72 2.71 2.71 1.40 1.94 1.55 1.55 4.01 5.27 4.21 4.21 0.00 0.00 -1.07 -20.22
Belarus 0.93 1.17 1.17 1.17 3.54 3.36 3.56 3.56 3.28 3.92 4.16 4.16 0.00 0.00 0.24 6.12
Africa
Nigeria 13.40 13.50 13.80 13.80 1.42 1.43 1.50 1.50 19.01 19.25 20.75 20.75 0.00 0.00 1.50 7.79
South Africa 3.18 3.15 3.19 3.19 4.38 5.18 5.34 5.34 13.94 16.31 17.04 17.04 0.00 0.00 0.73 4.48
Tanzania 5.18 5.15 5.05 5.05 1.74 1.87 1.60 1.60 9.03 9.63 8.08 8.08 0.00 0.00 -1.55 -16.05
Burkina Faso 3.98 4.20 4.10 4.10 1.16 1.08 1.13 1.13 4.63 4.55 4.65 4.65 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.20
Ethiopia 5.41 5.64 5.69 5.69 3.25 3.18 3.16 3.16 17.56 17.91 17.99 17.99 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.42
Egypt 1.12 1.09 1.12 1.12 7.19 7.22 7.24 7.24 8.07 7.88 8.12 8.12 0.00 0.00 0.24 3.05
Mali 5.24 4.90 5.10 5.10 1.31 1.55 1.37 1.37 6.86 7.58 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -0.58 -7.63
India 25.02 25.75 25.03 25.03 2.28 2.39 2.40 2.44 57.16 61.55 60.06 61.06 1.00 1.67 -0.49 -0.80
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 3.70 3.50 3.60 3.60 3.43 3.66 3.69 3.69 12.70 12.80 13.30 13.30 0.00 0.00 0.50 3.91
Philippines 2.49 2.50 2.55 2.55 3.25 3.26 3.25 3.25 8.10 8.15 8.30 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.15 1.84
Vietnam 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.84 5.01 5.03 5.03 5.03 4.44 4.35 4.20 4.20 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -3.45
Thailand 1.25 1.24 1.25 1.25 4.29 4.32 4.37 4.37 5.35 5.35 5.45 5.45 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.87
Mexico 7.70 7.91 7.98 7.98 3.74 3.60 3.72 3.72 28.83 28.47 29.69 29.69 0.00 0.00 1.22 4.29
Canada 5.24 5.05 4.94 4.94 5.25 5.45 5.48 5.48 27.52 27.52 27.06 27.06 0.00 0.00 -0.46 -1.68
Australia 5.61 6.03 6.10 6.20 2.58 2.87 2.74 2.70 14.48 17.34 16.72 16.72 0.00 0.00 -0.62 -3.55
Middle East
Turkey 4.59 4.55 4.35 4.35 3.72 3.24 3.49 3.49 17.05 14.76 15.20 15.20 0.00 0.00 0.44 2.98
Iran 1.86 1.81 1.86 1.86 2.38 2.50 2.38 2.38 4.42 4.52 4.42 4.42 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -2.21
Others 76.06 72.62 73.98 73.88 1.69 1.70 1.75 1.75 128.64 123.17 129.81 129.48 -0.33 -0.25 6.32 5.13

World and Selected Countries and Regions; Coarse Grain includes: Barley, Corn, Millet, Mixed Grains, Oats, Rye and Sorghum

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 04 Corn Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 208.86 203.53 208.58 208.58 5.89 6.01 6.06 6.07 1,230.52 1,223.33 1,264.98 1,265.98 1.00 0.08 42.66 3.49
United States 35.01 33.55 35.37 35.37 11.13 11.26 11.36 11.36 389.67 377.63 401.85 401.85 0.00 0.00 24.21 6.41
Total Foreign 173.85 169.98 173.21 173.21 4.84 4.98 4.98 4.99 840.86 845.69 863.14 864.14 1.00 0.12 18.44 2.18
none
China 44.22 44.74 44.30 44.30 6.53 6.59 6.66 6.66 288.84 294.92 295.00 295.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.03
South America
Brazil 21.65 22.30 22.60 22.60 5.50 5.83 5.80 5.80 119.00 130.00 131.00 131.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.77
Argentina 7.78 6.40 7.50 7.50 6.56 7.81 7.07 7.07 51.00 50.00 53.00 53.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 6.00
Bolivia 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.44 2.49 2.56 2.61 2.61 1.09 1.10 1.15 1.15 0.00 0.00 0.05 4.55
European Union 8.28 8.70 8.25 8.25 7.48 6.81 7.27 7.27 61.95 59.31 60.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 0.69 1.16
Africa
South Africa 2.98 2.96 3.00 3.00 4.50 5.33 5.50 5.50 13.43 15.75 16.50 16.50 0.00 0.00 0.75 4.76
Nigeria 5.70 5.50 5.80 5.80 1.94 2.04 2.07 2.07 11.05 11.20 12.00 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 7.14
Ethiopia 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.60 4.00 4.00 3.96 3.96 10.00 10.20 10.30 10.30 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.98
Egypt 0.95 0.92 0.95 0.95 7.58 7.61 7.63 7.63 7.20 7.00 7.25 7.25 0.00 0.00 0.25 3.57
Tanzania 4.20 4.10 4.00 4.00 1.91 2.07 1.75 1.75 8.01 8.50 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -1.50 -17.65
Malawi 1.79 1.50 1.80 1.80 1.96 2.00 1.67 1.67 3.51 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Zambia 1.42 0.69 1.40 1.40 2.30 2.20 2.43 2.43 3.26 1.51 3.40 3.40 0.00 0.00 1.89 125.17
Kenya 2.43 2.10 2.30 2.30 1.76 1.81 1.91 1.91 4.29 3.80 4.40 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.60 15.79
Uganda 2.27 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.18 2.17 2.17 2.17 4.95 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Zimbabwe 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.50 0.71 1.30 1.30 1.50 0.64 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.67 104.72
Former Soviet Union - 12
Ukraine 4.20 4.10 4.20 4.20 7.74 6.54 7.26 7.26 32.50 26.80 30.50 30.50 0.00 0.00 3.70 13.81
Russia 2.40 2.70 2.50 2.50 6.92 5.19 6.00 6.00 16.60 14.00 15.00 15.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 7.14
South Asia
India 11.24 11.20 11.50 11.50 3.35 3.78 3.57 3.65 37.67 42.28 41.00 42.00 1.00 2.44 -0.28 -0.66
Pakistan 1.64 1.50 1.56 1.56 6.00 6.00 6.28 6.28 9.85 9.00 9.80 9.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 8.89
Nepal 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 3.01 3.11 3.21 3.21 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.33
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 3.70 3.50 3.60 3.60 3.43 3.66 3.69 3.69 12.70 12.80 13.30 13.30 0.00 0.00 0.50 3.91
Philippines 2.49 2.50 2.55 2.55 3.25 3.26 3.25 3.25 8.10 8.15 8.30 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.15 1.84
Vietnam 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.84 5.01 5.03 5.03 5.03 4.44 4.35 4.20 4.20 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -3.45
Thailand 1.22 1.21 1.22 1.22 4.34 4.38 4.43 4.43 5.30 5.30 5.40 5.40 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.89
Mexico 6.10 6.35 6.40 6.40 3.85 3.67 3.83 3.83 23.50 23.30 24.50 24.50 0.00 0.00 1.20 5.15
Canada 1.52 1.45 1.46 1.46 10.15 10.59 10.07 10.07 15.42 15.35 14.70 14.70 0.00 0.00 -0.65 -4.20
Turkey 0.65 0.56 0.61 0.61 12.92 12.68 12.95 12.95 8.40 7.10 7.90 7.90 0.00 0.00 0.80 11.27
Others 29.24 27.00 27.57 27.57 2.54 2.68 2.73 2.73 74.42 72.34 75.14 75.14 0.00 0.00 2.79 3.86

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 05 Barley Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 46.94 45.92 45.56 45.51 3.06 3.12 3.20 3.21 143.52 143.47 145.80 145.97 0.18 0.12 2.50 1.74
United States 1.04 0.76 0.77 0.77 3.89 4.13 4.16 4.16 4.05 3.13 3.20 3.20 0.00 0.00 0.07 2.20
Total Foreign 45.90 45.16 44.79 44.74 3.04 3.11 3.18 3.19 139.46 140.34 142.60 142.77 0.18 0.12 2.43 1.73
none
European Union 10.35 10.32 10.40 10.40 4.63 4.88 5.10 5.13 47.90 50.33 53.00 53.30 0.30 0.57 2.97 5.91
United Kingdom 1.14 1.20 1.20 1.20 6.12 6.00 6.08 6.08 6.96 7.20 7.30 7.30 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.39
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 7.65 6.60 6.90 6.90 2.68 2.46 2.61 2.61 20.50 16.25 18.00 18.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 10.77
Ukraine 1.68 1.60 1.60 1.60 3.78 3.63 3.56 3.56 6.35 5.80 5.70 5.70 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -1.72
Kazakhstan 2.43 2.28 2.30 2.30 1.08 1.68 1.30 1.30 2.61 3.84 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 -0.84 -21.88
Belarus 0.28 0.37 0.35 0.35 4.09 2.97 3.57 3.57 1.15 1.10 1.25 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.15 13.64
Azerbaijan 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 2.99 3.06 2.97 2.97 1.07 1.10 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 2.70 2.39 2.26 2.26 3.29 3.40 3.63 3.63 8.91 8.14 8.20 8.20 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.69
Australia 4.21 4.62 4.60 4.60 2.57 2.87 2.72 2.72 10.80 13.27 12.50 12.50 0.00 0.00 -0.77 -5.77
Middle East
Turkey 3.70 3.75 3.50 3.50 2.16 1.87 1.90 1.90 8.00 7.00 6.65 6.65 0.00 0.00 -0.35 -5.00
Iran 1.65 1.60 1.65 1.65 1.82 1.94 1.82 1.82 3.00 3.10 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -3.23
Iraq 0.16 1.00 0.60 0.60 1.29 1.40 1.42 1.25 0.20 1.40 0.85 0.75 -0.10 -11.76 -0.65 -46.43
Syria 1.43 1.10 1.10 1.00 0.88 1.09 0.50 0.35 1.26 1.20 0.55 0.35 -0.20 -36.36 -0.85 -70.83
Africa
Ethiopia 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 2.50 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.45 2.49 2.49 2.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Morocco 1.17 0.80 0.80 0.80 1.15 0.83 1.15 1.15 1.35 0.66 0.92 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.26 39.39
Algeria 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.00 1.17 1.32 1.32 1.03 1.20 1.35 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.15 12.50
Tunisia 0.11 0.23 0.29 0.29 0.83 1.21 1.90 1.90 0.09 0.27 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.28 102.21
South Africa 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 3.49 3.68 3.50 3.50 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -5.91
South America
Argentina 1.30 1.32 1.25 1.30 3.92 3.68 3.76 3.77 5.10 4.85 4.70 4.90 0.20 4.26 0.05 1.01
Uruguay 0.19 0.27 0.24 0.24 4.87 4.32 4.79 4.79 0.92 1.17 1.15 1.15 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -2.04
Brazil 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.14 2.90 3.78 3.78 3.78 0.39 0.47 0.51 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.05 9.68
India 0.63 0.55 0.53 0.53 3.05 3.08 3.52 3.52 1.91 1.70 1.86 1.86 0.00 0.00 0.16 9.48
China 0.50 0.50 0.56 0.56 4.00 4.00 4.11 4.11 2.00 2.00 2.30 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.30 15.00
Mexico 0.29 0.32 0.30 0.30 2.69 2.83 2.70 2.70 0.78 0.89 0.81 0.81 0.00 0.00 -0.08 -8.99
Afghanistan 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 1.38 1.43 1.54 1.54 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 1.66 1.68 1.69 1.69 2.57 2.64 2.61 2.59 4.26 4.45 4.41 4.39 -0.03 -0.57 -0.06 -1.30

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 25 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 06 Oats Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 8.38 8.73 8.77 8.87 2.32 2.60 2.54 2.51 19.46 22.68 22.24 22.24 0.00 0.00 -0.43 -1.91
United States 0.34 0.36 0.28 0.28 2.46 2.74 2.46 2.46 0.83 0.98 0.70 0.70 0.00 0.00 -0.29 -29.17
Total Foreign 8.05 8.37 8.49 8.59 2.32 2.59 2.54 2.51 18.63 21.69 21.55 21.55 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -0.67
none
European Union 2.28 2.49 2.50 2.50 2.60 3.12 2.98 2.98 5.94 7.75 7.45 7.45 0.00 0.00 -0.30 -3.92
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 1.77 1.60 1.80 1.80 1.86 1.88 1.83 1.83 3.30 3.00 3.30 3.30 0.00 0.00 0.30 10.00
Ukraine 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 2.53 2.71 2.56 2.56 0.43 0.46 0.41 0.41 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -10.87
Belarus 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 2.26 2.06 2.33 2.33 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.03 9.38
Kazakhstan 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.79 1.71 1.14 1.14 0.15 0.33 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 -0.13 -39.39
Canada 0.83 0.99 0.96 0.96 3.20 3.38 3.48 3.48 2.64 3.36 3.34 3.34 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.54
South America
Argentina 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.30 2.03 1.87 1.75 1.75 0.57 0.56 0.53 0.53 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -5.58
Brazil 0.52 0.49 0.50 0.50 1.89 2.28 2.40 2.40 0.98 1.11 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.09 7.82
Chile 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 5.39 4.75 5.00 5.00 0.46 0.48 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -5.26
Uruguay 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 2.44 2.37 2.33 2.33 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -45.31
Oceania
Australia 0.68 0.74 0.70 0.80 1.51 1.77 1.86 1.63 1.02 1.32 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -1.14
New Zealand 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 7.50 5.75 6.00 6.00 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 30.43
China 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.47 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Africa
Algeria 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.31 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Morocco 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.46 1.39 1.50 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.65
Other Europe
United Kingdom 0.17 0.20 0.20 0.20 4.97 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.83 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Norway 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Albania 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.43 3.43 3.38 3.38 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.50
Turkey 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 2.60 2.62 2.59 2.59 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.01 2.94
Mexico 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.40 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 1.68 1.78 1.71 1.71 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 20.73

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 07 Rye Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 3.66 3.33 3.34 3.34 3.21 3.18 3.31 3.31 11.72 10.60 11.05 11.05 0.00 0.00 0.44 4.17
United States 0.13 0.16 0.12 0.12 2.03 2.29 2.28 2.28 0.26 0.37 0.28 0.28 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -26.20
Total Foreign 3.53 3.17 3.22 3.22 3.25 3.23 3.34 3.34 11.45 10.23 10.77 10.77 0.00 0.00 0.54 5.28
none
European Union 1.88 1.73 1.78 1.78 4.07 3.98 4.16 4.16 7.65 6.90 7.40 7.40 0.00 0.00 0.50 7.31
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 0.79 0.58 0.51 0.51 2.15 2.07 2.16 2.16 1.70 1.20 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -8.33
Belarus 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.34 2.52 2.35 2.24 2.24 0.78 0.80 0.76 0.76 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -5.00
Ukraine 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 3.00 3.14 3.14 3.14 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Kazakhstan 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.86 1.55 1.20 1.20 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.23
Turkey 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 2.91 2.91 2.86 2.86 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -6.25
Canada 0.12 0.12 0.18 0.18 3.09 3.60 3.33 3.33 0.36 0.42 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.18 42.52
South America
Argentina 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 1.85 1.76 1.73 1.73 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.01 2.70
Other Europe
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00
Switzerland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.33 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Australia 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.32 2.14 2.27 2.27 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 11.11

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 08 Sorghum Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 39.84 41.48 40.73 40.73 1.46 1.50 1.53 1.53 58.22 62.36 62.42 62.42 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.10
United States 2.48 2.27 2.31 2.31 3.26 3.85 4.32 4.32 8.07 8.73 9.96 9.96 0.00 0.00 1.22 14.00
Total Foreign 37.36 39.21 38.42 38.42 1.34 1.37 1.37 1.37 50.15 53.63 52.47 52.47 0.00 0.00 -1.16 -2.17
none
Africa
Nigeria 5.70 6.10 6.10 6.10 1.12 1.07 1.13 1.13 6.40 6.50 6.90 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.40 6.15
Ethiopia 1.48 1.65 1.65 1.65 2.71 2.48 2.48 2.48 4.01 4.10 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sudan 5.99 6.00 6.00 6.00 0.51 0.55 0.55 0.55 3.06 3.30 3.30 3.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burkina Faso 1.79 1.90 1.90 1.90 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.77 1.90 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mali 1.63 1.50 1.60 1.60 0.94 1.09 0.94 0.94 1.53 1.64 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 -0.14 -8.54
Niger 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 0.46 0.51 0.52 0.52 1.70 1.90 1.91 1.91 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.37
Cameroon 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tanzania 0.68 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.08 1.07 1.00 1.00 0.74 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -6.25
Egypt 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 5.20 5.27 5.20 5.20 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -1.27
Uganda 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ghana 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 1.42 1.13 1.21 1.21 0.44 0.35 0.38 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.03 7.14
Mozambique 0.24 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.60 0.33 0.55 0.55 0.14 0.09 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.06 66.67
South Africa 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.33 3.50 3.50 3.50 0.10 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 1.29 1.20 1.24 1.24 3.49 3.50 3.47 3.47 4.49 4.20 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.38
South America
Argentina 0.62 0.85 0.78 0.78 3.99 4.12 3.85 3.85 2.49 3.50 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 -0.50 -14.29
Brazil 1.46 1.60 1.55 1.55 3.03 3.13 3.16 3.16 4.43 5.00 4.90 4.90 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -2.00
South Asia
India 4.08 4.80 4.00 4.00 1.16 1.25 1.15 1.15 4.74 6.00 4.60 4.60 0.00 0.00 -1.40 -23.33
Pakistan 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
China 0.63 0.63 0.65 0.65 4.76 4.76 4.77 4.77 3.00 3.00 3.10 3.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.33
Australia 0.59 0.54 0.67 0.67 3.74 4.31 3.73 3.73 2.22 2.33 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.18 7.53
European Union 0.15 0.22 0.20 0.20 5.33 4.93 4.88 4.88 0.79 1.09 0.98 0.98 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -10.47
Others 5.73 5.89 5.75 5.75 1.02 0.93 1.01 1.01 5.84 5.49 5.78 5.78 0.00 0.00 0.29 5.19

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 09 Rice Area, Yield, and Production

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 166.60 170.53 169.88 170.35 4.70 4.74 4.74 4.75 523.70 541.15 538.71 541.58 2.86 0.53 0.42 0.08
United States 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.12 8.56 8.69 8.66 8.68 6.92 7.05 6.96 6.81 -0.16 -2.23 -0.25 -3.47
Total Foreign 165.44 169.37 168.73 169.23 4.67 4.72 4.71 4.72 516.77 534.10 531.75 534.77 3.02 0.57 0.67 0.12
none
East Asia
China 28.95 29.01 29.00 29.00 7.14 7.15 7.19 7.19 144.62 145.28 146.00 146.00 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.50
Japan 1.48 1.46 1.45 1.45 6.78 6.87 6.88 6.88 7.30 7.29 7.28 7.28 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.19
Korea, South 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.68 6.92 6.85 6.90 6.90 3.70 3.59 3.54 3.54 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -1.26
Korea, North 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.54 4.18 4.18 4.18 4.18 1.45 1.48 1.48 1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Asia
India 47.83 51.00 50.50 51.00 4.32 4.41 4.40 4.44 137.83 150.00 148.00 151.00 3.00 2.03 1.00 0.67
Bangladesh 11.75 11.40 11.80 11.80 4.72 4.82 4.77 4.77 37.00 36.60 37.50 37.50 0.00 0.00 0.90 2.46
Pakistan 3.64 3.70 3.70 3.70 4.07 3.95 3.97 3.97 9.87 9.75 9.80 9.80 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.51
Nepal 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.46 3.98 3.80 3.91 3.91 3.81 3.67 3.80 3.80 0.00 0.00 0.13 3.66
Sri Lanka 1.14 1.10 1.15 1.15 3.97 4.21 4.22 4.22 3.09 3.15 3.30 3.30 0.00 0.00 0.15 4.76
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 11.00 11.40 11.20 11.20 4.73 4.78 4.72 4.72 33.02 34.60 33.60 33.60 0.00 0.00 -1.00 -2.89
Vietnam 7.11 7.00 6.90 6.90 6.12 6.16 6.10 6.10 27.20 26.95 26.30 26.30 0.00 0.00 -0.65 -2.41
Thailand 10.65 10.88 10.80 10.80 2.85 2.86 2.86 2.86 20.00 20.55 20.40 20.40 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -0.71
Burma 6.80 6.86 6.80 6.80 2.83 2.71 2.76 2.76 12.30 11.90 12.00 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.84
Philippines 4.74 4.60 4.70 4.70 4.12 4.14 4.15 4.15 12.33 12.00 12.30 12.30 0.00 0.00 0.30 2.50
Cambodia 3.58 3.86 3.80 3.80 3.39 3.60 3.49 3.49 7.40 8.47 8.10 8.10 0.00 0.00 -0.37 -4.37
Laos 0.99 0.95 0.96 0.96 3.21 3.17 3.22 3.22 2.01 1.90 1.95 1.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.63
Malaysia 0.59 0.61 0.61 0.61 3.91 3.97 4.07 4.07 1.50 1.58 1.62 1.62 0.00 0.00 0.04 2.54
South America
Brazil 1.61 1.70 1.60 1.60 6.58 7.09 6.99 6.99 7.20 8.20 7.60 7.60 0.00 0.00 -0.60 -7.32
Peru 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 8.11 8.60 8.76 8.76 2.33 2.55 2.60 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.05 1.96
Africa
Egypt 0.63 0.67 0.67 0.67 8.70 8.44 8.44 8.44 3.78 3.90 3.90 3.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Madagascar 1.60 1.65 1.67 1.67 3.20 3.15 3.41 3.41 3.28 3.33 3.65 3.65 0.00 0.00 0.32 9.62
Nigeria 3.60 3.60 3.50 3.50 2.47 2.54 2.37 2.37 5.61 5.77 5.23 5.23 0.00 0.00 -0.54 -9.30
European Union 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.42 6.19 6.32 6.66 6.66 1.37 1.60 1.77 1.77 0.00 0.00 0.18 10.97
Iran 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 5.30 5.32 5.32 5.32 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 13.74 13.84 13.82 13.82 2.96 3.07 3.08 3.08 26.80 28.02 28.04 28.06 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.12

Yield is on a rough basis, before the milling process. Production is on a milled basis, after the milling process.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 10 Total Oilseed Area, Yield, and Production

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World Total -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 657.98 677.27 692.10 692.25 0.14 0.02 14.97 2.21
Total Foreign -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 535.82 548.92 563.63 563.86 0.23 0.04 14.94 2.72
Oilseed, Copra -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.21 5.80 5.87 5.87 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.21
Oilseed, Palm Kernel -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 19.59 20.61 20.79 21.06 0.27 1.27 0.45 2.17
none
Major OilSeeds 271.99 276.53 277.09 276.40 2.32 2.35 2.40 2.41 632.19 650.87 665.45 665.32 -0.12 -0.02 14.45 2.22
United States 37.98 40.07 39.04 38.97 3.22 3.20 3.29 3.29 122.16 128.35 128.47 128.39 -0.08 -0.06 0.04 0.03
none
Foreign Oilseeds 234.00 236.46 238.05 237.43 2.18 2.21 2.26 2.26 510.02 522.52 536.97 536.93 -0.04 -0.01 14.42 2.76
South America 74.94 77.86 78.54 78.54 3.12 3.21 3.26 3.26 233.50 250.00 256.33 256.33 0.00 0.00 6.34 2.54
Brazil 48.13 49.69 51.25 51.25 3.33 3.54 3.56 3.56 160.14 175.92 182.31 182.31 0.00 0.00 6.39 3.63
Argentina 19.30 20.59 19.61 19.61 2.81 2.71 2.80 2.80 54.24 55.85 54.83 54.83 0.00 0.00 -1.02 -1.83
Paraguay 3.90 3.92 3.97 3.97 2.88 2.67 2.84 2.84 11.22 10.44 11.25 11.25 0.00 0.00 0.81 7.76
Bolivia 2.09 2.13 2.15 2.15 1.98 1.90 1.98 1.98 4.13 4.04 4.25 4.25 0.00 0.00 0.21 5.20
Uruguay 1.44 1.44 1.46 1.46 2.44 2.40 2.31 2.31 3.51 3.45 3.38 3.38 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -2.12
China 26.22 26.08 26.48 26.53 2.55 2.60 2.55 2.56 66.92 67.81 67.62 67.95 0.33 0.49 0.14 0.20
South Asia 44.54 43.39 44.01 43.34 1.03 1.06 1.07 1.08 45.84 46.04 47.28 46.72 -0.56 -1.19 0.68 1.48
India 40.28 39.58 40.03 39.43 1.00 1.05 1.06 1.06 40.37 41.50 42.36 41.94 -0.42 -1.00 0.44 1.05
Pakistan 3.01 2.60 2.71 2.64 1.25 1.11 1.17 1.15 3.75 2.88 3.16 3.03 -0.14 -4.39 0.14 4.93
European Union 12.23 11.97 12.07 12.07 2.75 2.40 2.69 2.71 33.68 28.71 32.51 32.71 0.20 0.62 4.00 13.91
United Kingdom 0.39 0.29 0.23 0.23 3.11 2.81 3.20 3.20 1.22 0.82 0.72 0.72 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -12.62
Former Soviet Union - 12 29.08 31.17 31.03 31.03 2.04 1.88 1.99 1.98 59.23 58.74 61.61 61.60 -0.01 -0.01 2.86 4.87
Russia 14.85 16.45 16.70 16.70 1.89 1.74 1.83 1.83 28.10 28.60 30.60 30.60 0.00 0.00 2.00 6.99
Ukraine 10.00 10.25 9.90 9.90 2.55 2.32 2.49 2.49 25.45 23.80 24.70 24.70 0.00 0.00 0.90 3.78
Uzbekistan 1.05 1.02 0.95 0.95 1.15 1.22 1.24 1.24 1.21 1.25 1.18 1.18 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -5.38
Canada 11.16 11.16 11.17 11.17 2.35 2.37 2.38 2.38 26.27 26.42 26.55 26.55 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.48
Africa 25.36 24.40 24.54 24.54 0.98 1.04 1.05 1.05 24.89 25.40 25.74 25.74 0.00 0.00 0.33 1.31
Nigeria 4.92 5.07 5.12 5.12 1.18 1.15 1.16 1.16 5.80 5.85 5.95 5.95 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.71
South Africa 1.87 1.94 1.92 1.92 1.50 1.79 1.89 1.89 2.81 3.46 3.64 3.64 0.00 0.00 0.18 5.17
Tanzania 1.13 1.39 1.39 1.39 0.70 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.79 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.02 2.41
Southeast Asia 3.07 3.04 3.01 3.01 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 4.27 4.24 4.20 4.20 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -1.06
Burma 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.24 1.27 1.27 1.27 2.45 2.52 2.52 2.52 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.20
Indonesia 0.84 0.81 0.78 0.78 1.49 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.26 1.18 1.13 1.13 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -4.23
Australia 4.07 4.08 3.92 3.92 1.82 1.86 1.86 1.86 7.42 7.60 7.29 7.29 0.00 0.00 -0.32 -4.16
Turkey 1.27 1.29 1.32 1.32 2.43 2.45 2.59 2.59 3.08 3.15 3.43 3.43 0.00 0.00 0.28 8.90
Others 1.69 1.73 1.72 1.72 2.20 2.07 2.16 2.16 3.72 3.58 3.71 3.71 0.00 0.00 0.13 3.71

World Total and Total Foreign: (Major Oilseeds plus copra and palm kernel) Major Oilseeds: (soybeans, sunflowerseeds, peanuts(inshell), cottonseed and
rapeseed)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 30 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 11 Soybean Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 140.83 146.71 145.75 145.75 2.82 2.87 2.93 2.93 396.93 420.78 426.82 426.82 0.00 0.00 6.04 1.44
United States 33.29 34.82 33.47 33.47 3.40 3.41 3.53 3.53 113.27 118.84 118.12 118.12 0.00 0.00 -0.72 -0.61
Total Foreign 107.53 111.89 112.28 112.28 2.64 2.70 2.75 2.75 283.66 301.94 308.70 308.70 0.00 0.00 6.76 2.24
none
South America
Brazil 46.15 47.40 48.80 48.80 3.35 3.57 3.59 3.59 154.50 169.00 175.00 175.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 3.55
Argentina 16.37 17.30 16.50 16.50 2.95 2.83 2.94 2.94 48.21 49.00 48.50 48.50 0.00 0.00 -0.50 -1.02
Paraguay 3.75 3.75 3.80 3.80 2.93 2.72 2.89 2.89 11.00 10.20 11.00 11.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 7.84
Bolivia 1.85 1.88 1.90 1.90 2.05 1.97 2.05 2.05 3.80 3.70 3.90 3.90 0.00 0.00 0.20 5.41
Uruguay 1.31 1.35 1.30 1.30 2.51 2.45 2.38 2.38 3.29 3.30 3.10 3.10 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -6.06
East Asia
China 10.47 10.33 10.50 10.50 1.99 2.00 2.00 2.00 20.84 20.65 21.00 21.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 1.69
Korea, South 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 2.07 2.09 2.03 2.03 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.23
Korea, North 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Japan 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 1.59 1.77 1.61 1.61 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -8.42
India 13.20 13.50 13.30 13.30 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.94 11.88 12.58 12.50 12.50 0.00 0.00 -0.08 -0.65
Canada 2.26 2.29 2.25 2.25 3.09 3.30 3.11 3.11 6.98 7.57 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -0.57 -7.51
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 3.50 4.20 4.30 4.30 1.94 1.68 1.81 1.81 6.80 7.05 7.80 7.80 0.00 0.00 0.75 10.64
Ukraine 2.00 2.90 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.41 2.54 2.54 5.20 7.00 6.60 6.60 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -5.71
European Union 1.02 1.13 1.10 1.10 2.76 2.60 2.68 2.68 2.81 2.92 2.95 2.95 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.99
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.29 1.17 1.13 1.10 1.10 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -8.57
Vietnam 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.67 1.62 1.62 1.62 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burma 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 1.13 1.22 1.22 1.22 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 2.77 2.00 2.55 2.55 0.65 0.47 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.13 27.66
Mexico 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.14 2.18 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.20 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Africa
South Africa 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.60 2.02 2.15 2.15 1.84 2.33 2.47 2.47 0.00 0.00 0.14 6.01
Nigeria 1.20 1.35 1.40 1.40 1.13 1.04 1.07 1.07 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.10 7.14
Zambia 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.59 1.26 1.31 1.31 1.31 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Middle East
Iran 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 2.36 2.43 2.43 2.43 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Turkey 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 4.00 3.95 3.95 3.95 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 1.18 1.22 1.25 1.25 1.63 1.69 1.70 1.70 1.92 2.07 2.13 2.13 0.00 0.00 0.06 2.90

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 31 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 12 Cottonseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 30.53 29.69 30.34 29.62 1.30 1.39 1.35 1.38 39.69 41.41 41.07 40.76 -0.31 -0.76 -0.65 -1.56
United States 2.61 3.16 3.39 3.32 1.27 1.22 1.20 1.20 3.31 3.87 4.06 3.98 -0.08 -2.02 0.11 2.90
Total Foreign 27.92 26.53 26.96 26.31 1.30 1.41 1.37 1.40 36.38 37.54 37.01 36.78 -0.23 -0.62 -0.76 -2.02
none
South Asia
India 12.68 11.50 11.80 11.20 0.85 0.89 0.88 0.89 10.78 10.19 10.40 9.98 -0.42 -4.08 -0.21 -2.08
Pakistan 2.40 2.00 2.10 2.00 1.26 1.08 1.13 1.13 3.03 2.17 2.38 2.25 -0.13 -5.46 0.09 4.02
China 2.85 2.90 2.90 2.95 3.18 3.66 3.32 3.37 9.07 10.61 9.62 9.95 0.33 3.44 -0.66 -6.26
Former Soviet Union - 12
Uzbekistan 1.03 1.00 0.93 0.93 1.10 1.18 1.20 1.20 1.14 1.18 1.12 1.12 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -5.02
Turkmenistan 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.63 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.02 6.39
Tajikistan 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 1.16 1.08 1.15 1.15 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.01 6.15
Kazakhstan 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.13 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.95 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.02 19.42
South America
Brazil 1.66 1.95 2.10 2.10 2.91 2.90 2.89 2.89 4.84 5.64 6.06 6.06 0.00 0.00 0.42 7.35
Argentina 0.62 0.60 0.63 0.63 0.98 0.86 1.02 1.02 0.61 0.52 0.64 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.12 23.17
Middle East
Turkey 0.44 0.47 0.43 0.43 2.37 2.77 2.73 2.73 1.04 1.29 1.18 1.18 0.00 0.00 -0.12 -8.91
Syria 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.23 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.18 1.35 1.35 1.35 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Australia 0.51 0.60 0.46 0.46 2.48 2.34 2.23 2.23 1.25 1.40 1.03 1.03 0.00 0.00 -0.38 -26.80
European Union 0.25 0.28 0.27 0.27 1.35 1.44 1.53 1.53 0.34 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.01 2.25
Africa
Burkina Faso 0.46 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.46 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.82
Mali 0.71 0.63 0.70 0.70 0.53 0.48 0.52 0.52 0.38 0.30 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.07 21.52
Cameroon 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 1.54 1.48 1.41 1.41 0.37 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -4.41
Cote d'Ivoire 0.40 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.44 0.49 0.53 0.53 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.02 13.07
Benin 0.51 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.73 0.78 0.74 0.74 0.37 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -4.57
Tanzania 0.47 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.21 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.02 14.47
Egypt 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.96 0.99 0.97 0.97 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -24.81
Nigeria 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 1.51 1.48 1.20 1.20 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -18.75
Zimbabwe 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.66
Sudan 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 2.25 2.35 2.28 2.28 0.30 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -15.25
Burma 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 1.24 1.24 1.25 1.25 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -2.12
Others 0.61 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.86 0.52 0.50 0.51 0.50 -0.01 -1.57 0.00 0.40

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 32 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 13 Peanut Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 29.81 29.57 29.54 29.55 1.67 1.74 1.75 1.75 49.85 51.38 51.78 51.78 0.01 0.01 0.41 0.79
United States 0.63 0.71 0.76 0.76 4.23 4.11 4.48 4.48 2.67 2.93 3.40 3.40 0.00 0.00 0.47 16.14
Total Foreign 29.18 28.86 28.78 28.79 1.62 1.68 1.68 1.68 47.18 48.45 48.38 48.39 0.01 0.01 -0.07 -0.13
none
China 4.80 4.85 4.86 4.86 4.01 3.92 3.91 3.91 19.23 19.00 19.00 19.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Africa
Nigeria 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sudan 3.01 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.46 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.39 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Senegal 1.22 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.41 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.73 1.80 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cameroon 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ghana 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 1.72 1.69 1.62 1.62 0.64 0.63 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -4.00
Chad 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.04 0.92 1.00 1.00 0.78 0.69 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.06 8.23
Malawi 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Congo (Kinshasa) 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.97 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.50 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Niger 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.03 0.55 0.65 0.63 0.63 0.56 0.67 0.65 0.65 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -3.56
Mali 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.92 1.00 0.92 0.92 0.46 0.50 0.46 0.46 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -8.45
Uganda 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.42 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burkina Faso 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Guinea 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.88 1.11 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Egypt 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Central African Republic 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.23 2.97 2.44 2.44 2.44 0.59 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.68 1.77 1.90 1.90 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 11.76
Mozambique 0.58 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.23 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Benin 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.74 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.18 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.45
South Asia
India 5.00 5.50 5.50 5.50 1.20 1.29 1.34 1.34 6.00 7.10 7.35 7.35 0.00 0.00 0.25 3.52
Pakistan 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.85 0.89 0.88 0.89 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.01 4.35 0.00 0.00
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.49 1.69 1.66 1.65 1.65 0.88 0.83 0.81 0.81 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -2.41
Burma 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.59 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.70 1.75 1.76 1.76 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.57
Vietnam 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South America
Argentina 0.43 0.49 0.41 0.41 3.43 3.27 3.30 3.30 1.48 1.60 1.36 1.36 0.00 0.00 -0.25 -15.31
Brazil 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.28 2.88 4.20 4.11 4.11 0.73 1.18 1.15 1.15 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -2.13
Mexico 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.98 1.70 1.75 1.75 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.18
Others 1.75 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.78 1.92 1.91 1.91 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.47

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 33 June 2025
Global Market Analysis
 Table 14 Sunflowerseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 27.83 28.13 28.15 28.13 2.01 1.85 2.00 2.00 56.00 52.05 56.22 56.19 -0.03 -0.05 4.14 7.96
United States 0.51 0.28 0.42 0.42 2.00 1.87 1.98 1.98 1.02 0.52 0.82 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.30 57.88
Total Foreign 27.32 27.85 27.73 27.72 2.01 1.85 2.00 2.00 54.98 51.53 55.40 55.37 -0.03 -0.05 3.84 7.46
none
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 9.30 9.60 9.60 9.60 1.84 1.76 1.82 1.82 17.10 16.90 17.50 17.50 0.00 0.00 0.60 3.55
Ukraine 6.40 6.00 6.00 6.00 2.42 2.17 2.40 2.40 15.50 13.00 14.40 14.40 0.00 0.00 1.40 10.77
Kazakhstan 1.13 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.10 1.46 1.36 1.36 1.24 1.83 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 -0.13 -7.31
European Union 4.69 4.86 4.75 4.75 2.15 1.75 2.11 2.11 10.08 8.53 10.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 1.47 17.21
South America
Argentina 1.84 2.18 2.05 2.05 2.11 2.16 2.10 2.10 3.90 4.70 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -8.51
Uruguay 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.25 1.00 1.20 1.20 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00
Bolivia 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.38 1.36 1.40 1.40 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.01 2.94
Brazil 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 1.18 1.48 1.54 1.54 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.01
Paraguay 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.63 1.60 1.60 1.60 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
China 0.70 0.60 0.72 0.72 2.83 2.92 2.92 2.92 1.98 1.75 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.35 20.00
South Asia
India 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.75 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Pakistan 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 1.35 1.32 1.44 1.32 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.09 -0.03 -25.22 0.00 0.00
Middle East
Turkey 0.70 0.69 0.76 0.76 2.21 1.96 2.30 2.30 1.55 1.35 1.75 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.40 29.63
Iran 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.05 1.07 1.07 1.07 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Israel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Africa
Egypt 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Morocco 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.27 1.17 1.17 1.17 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.53 0.56 0.53 0.53 1.19 1.31 1.36 1.36 0.63 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -1.37
Burma 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.30 2.13 2.25 2.25 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -11.76
Australia 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 1.52 1.59 1.40 1.40 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.73 0.78 0.73 0.73 2.33 1.84 2.20 2.20 1.70 1.44 1.60 1.60 0.00 0.00 0.16 11.17

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 34 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 15 Rapeseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 42.99 42.43 43.31 43.35 2.09 2.01 2.07 2.07 89.72 85.26 89.56 89.77 0.22 0.24 4.51 5.29
United States 0.94 1.10 1.01 1.01 2.01 2.00 2.06 2.06 1.90 2.21 2.08 2.08 0.00 0.00 -0.13 -5.80
Total Foreign 42.05 41.33 42.30 42.34 2.09 2.01 2.07 2.07 87.82 83.06 87.48 87.69 0.22 0.25 4.64 5.58
none
European Union 6.27 5.70 5.95 5.95 3.26 2.96 3.22 3.25 20.45 16.86 19.15 19.35 0.20 1.04 2.49 14.76
United Kingdom 0.39 0.29 0.23 0.23 3.11 2.81 3.20 3.20 1.22 0.82 0.72 0.72 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -12.62
Switzerland 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.52 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 8.86 8.85 8.90 8.90 2.17 2.12 2.19 2.19 19.19 18.80 19.50 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.70 3.72
China 7.40 7.40 7.50 7.50 2.14 2.14 2.12 2.12 15.80 15.80 15.90 15.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.63
South Asia
India 9.25 8.90 9.25 9.25 1.25 1.29 1.30 1.30 11.60 11.52 12.00 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 4.17
Pakistan 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.44 1.28 1.28 1.38 1.28 0.49 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.02 2.73 0.06 10.78
Bangladesh 1.10 1.04 1.10 1.10 1.30 1.30 1.32 1.32 1.43 1.35 1.45 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.10 7.41
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 2.05 2.65 2.80 2.80 2.05 1.75 1.89 1.89 4.20 4.65 5.30 5.30 0.00 0.00 0.65 13.98
Ukraine 1.60 1.35 1.30 1.30 2.97 2.81 2.85 2.85 4.75 3.80 3.70 3.70 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -2.63
Belarus 0.40 0.48 0.50 0.50 2.25 2.25 2.20 2.20 0.90 1.08 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.85
Kazakhstan 0.09 0.15 0.18 0.18 1.32 1.92 1.54 1.54 0.12 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -5.59
Australia 3.51 3.42 3.40 3.40 1.73 1.79 1.81 1.81 6.05 6.10 6.15 6.15 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.77
South America
Chile 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 4.39 3.86 4.00 4.00 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.70
Paraguay 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.56 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.01 8.70
Ethiopia 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.60 0.54 0.63 0.63 2.11 2.03 2.04 2.04 1.27 1.09 1.29 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.20 18.44

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 35 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 16 Copra, Palm Kernel, and Palm Oil Production

Production Change in Production

(Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MMT Percent MMT Percent

Oilseed, Copra
Philippines 2.90 2.56 2.60 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.04 1.56
Indonesia 1.69 1.61 1.64 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.03 1.86
India 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Vietnam 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Papua New Guinea 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sri Lanka 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Malaysia 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
World 6.21 5.80 5.87 5.87 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.21

Oilseed, Palm Kernel

Indonesia 11.00 11.95 12.35 12.35 0.00 0.00 0.40 3.35
Malaysia 4.83 4.85 4.61 4.88 0.27 5.86 0.03 0.62
Nigeria 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.85 0.87 0.89 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.15
Colombia 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.03
Guatemala 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.01 5.56
Papua New Guinea 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Honduras 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cameroon 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
World 19.59 20.61 20.79 21.06 0.27 1.30 0.45 2.18

Oil, Palm
Indonesia 43.00 46.00 47.50 47.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 3.26
Malaysia 19.71 19.40 19.20 19.50 0.30 1.56 0.10 0.52
Thailand 3.27 3.33 3.38 3.38 0.00 0.00 0.05 1.50
Colombia 1.88 1.90 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 5.26
Nigeria 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Guatemala 0.89 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.01
Papua New Guinea 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.59 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.05 8.33
Cote d'Ivoire 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Honduras 0.60 0.60 0.57 0.57 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -5.00
World 76.02 78.95 80.44 80.74 0.30 0.37 1.80 2.28

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 36 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 Table 17 Cotton Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Kilograms per hectare) (Million 480 lb. bales)
Country / Region
Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. Prel. 2025/26 Proj. From last month From last year
2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun 2023/24 2024/25 May Jun MBales Percent MBales Percent
World 31.18 30.29 30.92 30.20 789 862 830 843 112.96 119.93 117.81 116.99 -0.82 -0.70 -2.94 -2.45
United States 2.61 3.16 3.39 3.32 1,008 993 932 920 12.07 14.41 14.50 14.00 -0.50 -3.45 -0.41 -2.87
Total Foreign 28.57 27.13 27.54 26.89 769 847 817 834 100.90 105.51 103.31 102.99 -0.32 -0.31 -2.52 -2.39
none
South Asia
India 12.69 11.50 11.80 11.20 436 454 452 457 25.40 24.00 24.50 23.50 -1.00 -4.08 -0.50 -2.08
Pakistan 2.40 2.00 2.10 2.00 635 544 570 566 7.00 5.00 5.50 5.20 -0.30 -5.45 0.20 4.00
China 2.85 2.90 2.90 2.95 2,089 2,402 2,177 2,214 27.35 32.00 29.00 30.00 1.00 3.45 -2.00 -6.25
South America
Brazil 1.66 1.95 2.10 2.10 1,911 1,903 1,892 1,892 14.57 17.00 18.25 18.25 0.00 0.00 1.25 7.35
Argentina 0.62 0.60 0.63 0.63 578 508 601 601 1.65 1.40 1.73 1.73 0.00 0.00 0.33 23.21
Paraguay 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 812 837 907 907 0.21 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Africa
Burkina Faso 0.46 0.35 0.36 0.36 361 379 369 369 0.77 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.67
Mali 0.71 0.63 0.70 0.70 407 373 404 404 1.33 1.07 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.23 21.50
Cote d'Ivoire 0.40 0.36 0.38 0.38 358 399 433 433 0.65 0.66 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.09 12.88
Benin 0.51 0.54 0.54 0.54 482 513 488 488 1.13 1.26 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -4.76
Egypt 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.10 686 712 697 697 0.32 0.43 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -24.71
Cameroon 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 671 644 615 615 0.74 0.68 0.65 0.65 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -4.41
Tanzania 0.47 0.44 0.44 0.44 220 173 198 198 0.47 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.05 14.29
Nigeria 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 282 282 282 282 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Zimbabwe 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 195 195 204 204 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.01 4.65
Ethiopia 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 713 713 713 713 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Former Soviet Union - 12
Uzbekistan 1.03 1.00 0.93 0.93 613 653 667 667 2.90 3.00 2.85 2.85 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -5.00
Turkmenistan 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.52 348 348 356 356 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.05 6.25
Tajikistan 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 647 605 641 641 0.49 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.03 6.00
Kazakhstan 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.13 558 544 528 528 0.30 0.27 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.05 18.87
Middle East
Turkey 0.44 0.47 0.43 0.43 1,580 1,850 1,823 1,823 3.19 3.95 3.60 3.60 0.00 0.00 -0.35 -8.86
Syria 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1,161 1,161 1,161 1,161 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 762 871 871 871 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Australia 0.51 0.60 0.46 0.46 2,156 2,032 1,941 1,941 5.00 5.60 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 -1.50 -26.79
Mexico 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 1,435 1,497 1,452 1,452 0.87 0.83 0.70 0.70 0.00 0.00 -0.13 -15.15
Burma 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 654 654 659 659 0.55 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -1.93
Others 1.65 1.60 1.58 1.58 524 546 558 556 3.97 4.00 4.04 4.02 -0.02 -0.50 0.02 0.45

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 37 June 2025

Global Market Analysis
 TABLE 18
The table below presents a record of the June projection and the final estimate. Using world wheat production as an
example, the "root mean square error" means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current forecast will not be above or
below the final estimate by more than 2.9 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90% confidence level) that the difference will
not exceed 4.9 percent. The average difference between the June projection and the final estimate is 15.7 million tons,
ranging from 0.4 million to 32.2 million tons. The June projection has been below the estimate 27 times and above 17
times.
RELIABILITY OF PRODUCTION PROJECTIONS 1/
Difference between forecast and final estimate
90 percent
COMMODITY AND Root mean
confidence Years
REGION square error
interval Below Above
Average Smallest Largest final final

Percent ---Million metric tons---

WHEAT
World 2.9 4.9 15.7 0.4 32.2 27 17

U.S. 6.2 10.4 2.8 0.0 8.4 25 19

Foreign 3.1 5.2 14.7 1.1 31.9 26 17

COARSE GRAINS 2/
World 3.5 5.9 26.3 0.6 103.3 23 21

U.S. 13.0 21.9 19.1 0.5 103.8 23 21

Foreign 2.7 4.5 14.4 0.4 45.6 21 22

RICE (Milled)
World 2.3 3.9 7.0 0.3 21.8 28 16

7.5 12.6 0.4 0.0 1.1 24 20

U.S.
Foreign 2.3 3.9 6.9 0.4 21.9 27 16

SOYBEANS
World NA NA 12.6 0.1 36.2 7 14

U.S. 8.8 14.9 4.9 0.0 16.2 22 22

Foreign NA NA 9.3 0.2 37.0 7 13

COTTON ---Million 480-lb. bales---

World 5.8 9.7 4.0 0.0 16.4 23 20

U.S. 12.6 21.2 1.6 0.1 5.7 20 24

Foreign 5.8 9.8 3.1 0.2 12.4 24 19

UNITED STATES -------Million bushels-------

CORN 15.3 25.8 745 7 4,010 23 21

SORGHUM 24.5 41.3 83 0 228 21 22

BARLEY 14.6 24.6 26 1 206 17 27

OATS 23.7 39.9 27 1 231 9 35

1/ Marketing years 1981/82 through 2024/25 for grains, soybeans, and cotton. Final for grains, soybeans, and cotton is
defined as the first November estimate following the marketing year for 1981/82 through 2023/24, and for 2024/25 the
last month’s estimate.
2/ Includes corn, sorghum, barley, oats, rye, millet, and mixed grain

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 38 June 2025

Global Market Analysis