United States

Department of
Agriculture

Foreign
Agricultural
World Agricultural
Service

Circular Series
Production
WAP 2-24
February 2024

Sri Lanka Rice: Production Forecast to Increase

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2023/24 Sri Lanka rice production at 3.3 million metric
tons (milled basis), up 9 percent from last month and 17 percent from last year. The harvested area
is estimated at 1.2 million hectares, up slightly from MY 2022/23. Yields are estimated to reach
4.22 metric tons per hectare (rough basis), up 16 percent from a year ago because of ideal weather
and improved access to inputs.

Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board

 Sri Lanka’s economic situation has improved from a few years ago. In May 2021, the government
of Sri Lanka banned imports of chemical fertilizers for environmental reasons. Consequently,
yields declined due to the lack of fertilizers, and agricultural production plummeted. The
government rescinded the ban in November 2021; however, farmers were unable to afford
imported fertilizers with a sharp rise in global fertilizer prices. Currently, the government received
international assistance and can offer farmers government-subsidized inputs. Farmers now have
access to government subsidized fertilizers and seeds. Record rainfall occurred during the maha
season and the satellite-derived MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
anomaly analysis shows above-average crop vigor in the main rice production areas for the maha
season.

USDA combines the MY 2023/24 yala, which accounts for 40 percent of the total production, and
the MY 2023/24 maha crop for the total estimate. The yala crop was harvested in August.
Harvesting has begun on the maha crop in the eastern and northern provinces and will be
completed by March. (For more information, please contact Arnella.Trent@usda.gov.)

Philippines Rice: Production Revised Down Due to Dry Weather

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2023/24 rice production at 12.5 million metric tons (milled
basis), down 1 percent from last month and last year. Harvested area is estimated at 4.8 million
hectares, unchanged from last month, but down 1 percent from the previous year. Yield (rough
basis) is estimated at 4.13 tons per hectare, down 1 percent from last month, and unchanged from
last year.

Rice in the Philippines is cultivated throughout the year. Rice production output is produced
quarterly. USDA’s market year begins with the third quarter, July through September. The highest
rice outputs are accumulated in quarters four and one, which represents about 38 and 23 percent
of total production, respectively.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 After achieving higher-than-expected output for the third quarter, extended dry weather negatively
impacted rice output in the fourth quarter. According to the Philippine Statistical Authority, fourth
quarter rice cycle output was down 2 percent from last year. (For more information, please contact
Justin.Jenkins@usda.gov.)

Argentina Wheat: Late Season Rainfall Boosted Yield

Argentina wheat production for marketing year (MY) 2023/24 is forecast at 15.5 million metric
tons, up 3 percent from last month and 24 percent from last year. Wheat yield is forecast at 2.82
tons per hectare, up 3 percent from last month and 24 percent from last year. Harvested area is
forecast at 5.5 million hectares, unchanged from last month, and matching last year’s area.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 According to the Ministry of Agriculture, for the MY 2023/24 season, approximately 44 percent
was planted in Buenos Aires, 16 percent was planted in Santa Fe, 14 percent was planted in
Córdoba, and 12 percent in Entre Ríos. Rainfall during planting and the critical growing period
was below average, but above last year’s drought levels. Rainfall at the end of the season helped
to boost yields in southern Buenos Aires, which benefitted the later-developing crop. (For more
information, please contact Katie.McGaughey@usda.gov.)

Iraq Wheat: Area and Production Higher

USDA estimates Iraq wheat production for marketing year (MY) 2023/24 at 5.2 million metric
tons (mmt), up 24 percent from last month, 63 percent from last year, and 36 percent above the 5-
year average. Harvested area is estimated at 2.6 million hectares, up 18 percent from last month,
24 percent from last year and 23 percent above the 5-year average. Yield is forecast at 2.00 metric
tons per hectare, up 31 percent from last year, and 11 percent above the 5-year average.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Iraq received above-average rainfall in 2023, greatly improving grain prospects after several years
of drought. Satellite-derived MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis
indicates above-average crop conditions in late April as the crop was reaching maturity. These
improved conditions boosted yields, allowing the Iraqi government to declare self-sufficiency for
wheat in MY 2023/24.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 The Iraqi Central Statistical Organization (CSO) announced wheat production of over 4.2 mmt in
its annual report on wheat and barley. The CSO omits the Kurdish region of northern Iraq in its
annual production estimates. This area corresponds with the Duhok, Erbil, and Sulaimani
governorates shown on the crop production map. Reports indicate roughly 1.0 mmt of wheat was
harvested in the Kurdish region in 2023, which is included in the USDA estimate. (For more
information, please contact Aaron.Mulhollen@usda.gov.)

Zimbabwe Wheat: Irrigated Area Increases and Provides Bumper Harvest

Zimbabwe wheat production for marketing year (MY) 2023/24 is estimated at 240,000 metric tons
(mt), up 60,000 mt (33 percent) from last month and up 65,000 mt (37 percent) from last year.
Yield is estimated at 4.36 metric tons per hectare, up 10 percent from last year, but down 2 percent
from the five-year average. Harvested area is estimated at 55,000 hectares (ha), up 10,000 ha (22
percent) from last month and up 11,000 ha (25 percent) from last year. Satellite-derived analysis
supports the increase in harvested area.

Zimbabwe wheat is nearly 100 percent irrigated and grown by commercial farmers who deliver
their harvest to Zimbabwe’s Grain Marketing Board (GMB). Optimal planting for irrigated wheat

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 is from late April through late May and the peak harvest period ranges from mid-September
through mid-November. The Zimbabwe government and private sector have been trying to revive
the wheat production sector for the past decade, after production dropped to 39,000 mt on 11,000
hectares in 2013/14. Major production constraints have included high cost of production,
unreliable power supplies for irrigation, lack of investment in rehabilitating irrigation
infrastructure, late payments by GMB, and lack of input support programs.

USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service estimated irrigated wheat area during the 2023 crop season
by utilizing 10-meter satellite imagery on Google Earth Engine (GEE) from June 15 through
September 30, 2023, or when irrigated wheat crop stage ranges from tillering to maturity. Total
irrigated wheat area in 2023 was estimated at 55,000 hectares, while Mashonaland West,
Mashonaland Central and Mashonaland East provinces planted a total of 38,000 hectares or 70
percent of total irrigated wheat area. GEE satellite imagery analysis for past years indicate that
irrigation infrastructure has grown during the past 10 years, and irrigated wheat area of 55,000
hectares is approaching record levels. (For more information, please contact
Curt.Reynolds@usda.gov.)

Brazil Soybeans: Early Harvest Results Reduce Production

Soybean production in Brazil for marketing year (MY) 2023/24 is estimated at 156.0 million
metric tons (mmt), lower by 1.0 mmt (1 percent) from last month, and lower by 6.0 mmt (4 percent)
from last season’s record crop. Harvested area for MY 2023/24 is estimated at a record 45.9
million hectares (mha), larger from last month by less than 1 percent, and up 1.3 mha (3 percent)
from last year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Yield is estimated below the 10-year trend at 3.40 tons per hectare (t/ha), down 1 percent from last
month’s yield, and down 6 percent from last year’s record yield. A revision was made to MY
2022/23 with area revised to 44.6 mha and production to 162 mmt. MY 2023/24 area is estimated
higher due to the favorable prices when planting decisions were made and accounting for the
higher area in MY 2022/23.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 During crop travel to Brazil, USDA/FAS Washington and USDA/FAS Brasilia visited the states
of Tocantins and Mato Grosso in the latter half of January to observe crop conditions. The irregular
rainfall this season and the timing of planting impacted crop development at key stages. The highly
variable rainfall led to neighboring farms with differing yield results. In mid-September, farmers
who planted soybeans right after the sanitary period in Mato Grosso, anticipating rainfall, suffered
the greatest yield losses due to the long stretches without rainfall when the crop was in grain-fill.
Producers who planted later in October fared better as the rains became more abundant after mid-
December in the center-west states. The Instituto Mato-Grossense de Economia Agropecuária
(IMEA) reports statewide yield losses of 15 percent relative to last year. The irregular rainfall
pattern was mirrored in the northeast leading to planting delays. The late planting benefitted crop
development with the arrival of rains and concerns appear localized. The high heat and exposed
soil after planting led to germination failures in southeastern areas of Tocantins, particularly in
newly converted pasture to crop fields.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Even the southern states were not spared this season. The state agency in Paraná (SEAB/DERAL)
reports a yield reduction of 14 percent for the state due to a prolonged dry spell after mid-December
when the crop was in pod-filling stages. Crops in the other major producer in the south, Rio Grande
do Sul, received sufficient moisture for crop development through late January. Impacts from the
very low rainfall during the last 2 weeks, just as the majority of the crop is in critical reproductive
stages, remain to be determined. National harvest is roughly at 14 percent in early February, driven
largely by the two large states of Mato Grosso and Paraná, and will continue through May for the
main soybean regions. (For more information, please contact Sunita.Yadav-Pauletti@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 India Rapeseed: Record Production

USDA forecasts rapeseed production for marketing year (MY) 2023/24 at 12.0 million metric tons,
up 6 percent from last year. Harvested area is estimated at 9.3 million hectares, up slightly from
last month and up 4 percent from last year due to favorable planting conditions. Yield is forecast
at 1.30 metric tons per hectare, up 2 percent from a year ago.

According to India Ministry of Agriculture “All India Crop Situation” published January 24, 2024,
farmers planted 10.0 million hectares of rapeseed/mustard, up 2 percent from same period last
year.

Currently, the rapeseed crop is at the flowering stage. The satellite-derived 8-day MODIS
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) anomaly showed strong crop vigor in Rajasthan.
Trade reports have not reported any incidences of pests and disease. Cooler temperatures have
encouraged vegetative growth in contrast to when excessive heat stresses the crop.

Rapeseed is grown only in the rabi season. Rapeseed is planted in late October until January and
harvested in March. (For more information, please contact Arnella.Trent@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Argentina Soybeans: Production Unchanged

Argentina soybeans production for marketing year 2023/24 is forecast at 50.0 million metric tons,
unchanged from last month, and doubled from last year. Soybean yield is forecast at 3.03 tons per
hectare (t/ha), unchanged from last month, and up 75 percent from last year’s yield. Harvested area
is forecast at 16.5 million hectares, unchanged from last month, and up 15 percent from last year.

Soybeans in Argentina are divided between the first crop, which is a higher yielding crop, and the
second crop, which is lower yielding and grown on fields directly after the winter crop harvest.
The Argentina Ministry of Agriculture publishes planted area by crop seasons and in MY 2023/24,
first soybean accounts for 72 percent of the total crop area and second soybean accounts for 28
percent.

Rainfall in the main soybean producing provinces has been above average and significantly above
last year’s low rainfall levels. With a modelled approach to assessing soybean yield using the
satellite-derived VIIRS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), historic and subnational
yield statistics, and the weighting between first and second soybeans, total soybean yield remains
around 3.00 t/ha. Recent dryness and heat have occurred, but crop conditions are still above
average, and the crop has another month in the critical yield developing stage. (For more
information, please contact Katie.McGaughey@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Turkey Corn: Record Production and Yield

USDA estimates Turkey corn production for marketing year (MY) 2023/24 at a record 8.4 million
metric tons (mmt), up 2 percent from last month, 24 percent from last year, and 31 percent above
the 5-year average. Harvested area is estimated at 650,000 hectares, unchanged from last month,
but up 23 percent from last year and 19 percent above the 5-year average. Yield is forecast at a
record 12.92 metric tons per hectare, up 1 percent from last year, and 10 percent above the 5-year
average.

Corn is typically planted in the spring and harvested in September and October. However, a second
corn season can be captured by Turkish farmers who plant corn after the mid-summer wheat
harvest. This second crop is then harvested in December and January. Double-cropping of corn
was especially more prevalent this year in the southeast region of the country, where many cotton
farmers chose instead to plant wheat and corn to capitalize on higher prices. The result was higher
overall area for corn in MY 2023/24.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Turkey also received abundant rainfall this year, across most of the country, resulting in higher
yields for virtually all grain crops. Recent reports indicated a larger-than-expected second corn
crop harvest in the southeast of the country, where above-average rainfall persisted through the
fall growing season as shown in the precipitation graphs for the provinces of Sanliurfa and
Diyarbakir. USDA correspondingly increased its yield and production estimates to new records.

The contributions of staff at FAS-Ankara are gratefully acknowledged. (For more information,
please contact Aaron.Mulhollen@usda.gov.)

Mexico Corn: Dry Weather Continues to Negatively Impact Production

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2023/24 corn production at 25.0 million metric tons, down
2 percent from last month and 11 percent from last year. Harvested area is estimated at 6.4 million
hectares, down 2 percent from last month and 7 percent from last year. Yield is estimated at 3.91
metric tons per hectare, unchanged from last month but down 4 percent from last year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Mexico corn is planted in two seasons, spring/summer (main) followed by fall/winter, with the
bulk of the production accumulated in the main season, at 75 percent. The main corn season relies
predominantly on rainfall for crop development. Rainfall for the MY 2023/24 main corn crop
underperformed throughout the season and was one of the contributing factors for one of the lowest
planted area on record. Additionally, abandonment of area increases during dry years. Planting
progress reports from Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER) / Servicio de
Información Agrialimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP) indicate corn planted area for the 2023 main
season crop at a record low 5.71 million hectares, down from 5.78 million hectares in 2022.

The winter season corn crop, predominantly irrigated, has experienced water supply shortages due
to the drier than normal wet season. As a result, winter corn planting was delayed. As of December
31, 2023, SADER/SIAP reported winter season planted area at 457,000 hectares, down from
788,000 hectares last year. Satellite imagery validates the reports from SADER highlighting
current winter corn season planting delays, in comparison to last year. (For more information,
please contact Justin.Jenkins@usda.gov.)

Brazil Corn: Further Reduction to Area Lowers Production

Brazil total corn production for marketing year (MY) 2023/24 is forecast at 124.0 million metric
tons (mmt), down 3.0 mmt (2 percent) from last month, and lower by 13.0 mmt (9 percent) from
last year’s record crop. Total harvested area, for all three corn crops, was revised down to 21.9
million hectares (mha), lower by 0.5 mha (2 percent) from last month, and lower by 0.5 mha (2
percent) from last year’s record. Yield essentially unchanged to 5.66 tons per hectare, 7 percent
below the record MY 2022/23 yield, and 2 percent above the 10-year trend yield. Low prices are
acting as a disincentive to corn planting in MY 2023/24.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 15 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Harvest for the first corn crop is roughly at 14 percent in early February, even though planting was
not yet completed in a few northeastern states. Current harvest progress is concentrated in the
southern states. Brazil’s Agriculture Ministry, Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB),
reduced first-crop yield by 2 percent from their prior month estimate. Area for the first crop is
estimated at 3.9 mha and production at 24.4 mmt, a reduction of roughly 11 percent in production.
State level reporting from Paraná shows lower estimates for area and yield.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Brazil’s larger corn crop is the second crop which is planted after the soybean harvest; it is grown
predominantly in center-west states. With an earlier soybean harvest this season, second crop (or
safrinha) planting is at 20 percent complete, ahead of the average nationally in early February.
Planting in the largest safrinha producer, Mato Grosso (roughly half of second-crop production),
is currently at 30 percent, about 5 percent ahead of the 5-year average. In areas where the soybean
crop was abandoned, farmers opted to plant the safrinha crop earlier to maximize optimal weather
conditions. In Paraná (15 percent of safrinha production), sowing is currently at 22 percent.
Generally, an earlier planted second crop has a higher yield potential. Regular rainfall has
replenished soil moisture with crop development proceeding well. Planting will continue through
March in the center-west and south, whereas the northeastern states continue planting until May.
(For more information, please contact Sunita.Yadav-Pauletti@usda.gov)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Australia Cotton: Production Revised Down on Lower Irrigated Area

Australia’s marketing year (MY) 2023/24 cotton production is forecast at 4.8 million 480-pound
bales, down 0.3 million bales or 6 percent from last month and 17 percent from last year. Harvested
area is estimated at 515,000 hectares (ha), up 50,000 ha or 11 percent from last month and down
135,000 ha or 21 percent from last year. Industry sources indicate lower irrigated area based on
survey data. Dryland cotton area is estimated higher due to favorable precipitation in the later
portion of the planting window. Earlier predictions of rainfall were expected below normal due to
El Niño. This pattern was observed through October, however, rainfall increased in November
through January.

Yield is forecast at 2,029 kilograms per hectare, down 15 percent from last month, but up 4 percent
from last year. Yield is expected to decrease year-to-year because of an estimated increase in the
share of the total area sown to dryland cotton this season as compared to last. Dryland cotton yields
are substantially lower than irrigated yields. Irrigated cotton area comprises about 90 percent of
Australia’s total cotton production. Dryland cotton planting tends to vary with the seasonal weather
forecast and prices at sowing.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 February 2024
Global Market Analysis
 Cotton and sorghum are the two dominant summer crops in eastern Australia. Cotton planting
typically begins in September with October being the primary planting month. Harvest begins in
March and peaks in April. The two major cotton producing states are New South Wales (62
percent) and Queensland (38 percent) based on the current 3-year average. (For more information,
please contact James.Crutchfield@usda.gov.)

African Franc Zone Cotton: Production and Yield Recovers to Near Average Levels

USDA estimates African Franc Zone cotton production for marketing year (MY) 2023/24 at 4.9
million 480-pound bales, up 0.9 million bales (23 percent) from last year, but down 0.3 million
bales (5 percent) from the five-year average. Harvested area is estimated at 2.7 million hectares,
down 1 percent from the previous year and down 4 percent from the five-year average. Yield is
estimated at 392 kilograms per hectare, up 24 percent from the previous year, and nearly the same
as the five-year average. Yields recovered from successful insect control measures after cotton
leafhoppers, or jassids, devoured last year’s crop and yields were reduced by 20 percent from the
five-year average.

Cotton is sown from late May through mid-July and ginning season is from October through
April. Early gin reports indicate yields have returned to near average despite the fact that all
countries reported the return of cotton leafhoppers, or jassids. However, this year, insect control
measures were effective by applying insecticides early in the season. In summary, cotton
production for all countries is expected to exceed last year’s output, except for Burkina Faso and
Benin which planted less cotton area than the previous year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 The African Franc Zone, as defined by WASDE, includes the following ten countries in order of
estimated MY 2023/24 production (thousand 480-pound bales): Mali (1,300), Benin (1,045),
Burkina Faso (770), Côte d’Ivoire (745), Cameroon (660), Chad (205), Togo (130), Central
African Republic (36), Senegal (30), and Niger (9). (For more information, please contact
Curt.Reynolds@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 World Agricultural Production
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service / Global Market Analysis
International Production Assessment Division (IPAD)
Ag Box 1051, Room 4630, South Building
Washington, DC 20250-1051
https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/
Telephone: (202) 720-1662 Fax: (202) 720-1158

This report uses information from the Foreign Agricultural Service’s (FAS) global network of
agricultural attachés and counselors, official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign
source materials, and the analysis of economic data and satellite imagery. Estimates of foreign
area, yield, and production are from the International Production Assessment Division, FAS, and
are reviewed by USDA’s Inter-Agency Commodity Estimates Committee. Estimates of U.S. area,
yield, and production are from USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service. Numbers within
the report may not add to totals because of rounding. This report reflects official USDA estimates
released in the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE-584), February 8,
2024.

Printed copies are available from the National Technical Information Service. Download
an order form at http://www.ntis.gov/products/specialty/usda/fas_a-g.asp, or call NTIS at
1-800-363-2068.

The FAS International Production Assessment Division prepared this report. The next issue of
World Agricultural Production will be released after 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time, March 8, 2024.

Conversion Table

Metric tons to bushels

Wheat, soybeans = MT * 36.7437

Corn, sorghum, rye = MT * 39.36825
Barley = MT * 45.929625
Oats = MT * 68.894438

Metric tons to 480-lb bales

Cotton = MT * 4.592917

Metric tons to hundredweight

Rice = MT * 22.04622

Area & weight

1 hectare = 2.471044 acres
1 kilogram = 2.204622 pounds

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 For further information, contact:
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service
Global Market Analysis
International Production Assessment Division
Ag Box 1051, Room 4630, South Building
Washington, DC 20250-1051

Telephone: (202) 720-1662 Fax: (202) 720-1158

GENERAL INFORMATION

Senior Director Ronald Frantz 202-720-4056 ronald.frantz@usda.gov

Director Robert Tetrault 202-720-1071 robert.tetrault@usda.gov
Administrative Assistant Vacant
USDA Remote Sensing Advisor Vacant
Sr. Analyst/Technical Lead Curt Reynolds, Ph.D. 202-690-0134 curt.reynolds@usda.gov
Sr. Analyst/ Satellite Imagery Dath Mita, Ph.D. 202-720-7339 dath.mita@usda.gov
Archives Manager/Technical Lead
Sr. Analyst/Technical Lead Jim Crutchfield 202-690-0135 james.crutchfield@usda.gov
GIS Mapping/Imagery Analyst Lisa Colson 202-720-6652 lisa.colson@usda.gov
WAP Coordinators Ifeoma Collins 202-720-0240 ifeoma.collins@usda.gov
Shannon Moyo shannon.moyo@usda.gov

COUNTRY- AND REGION-SPECIFIC INFORMATION

South America, Argentina, Venezuela, Katie McGaughey 202-720-9210 katie.mcgaughey@usda.gov

and Colombia
Western and Central Europe, Bryan Purcell 202-690-0138 bryan.purcell@usda.gov
and North Africa
Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Iliana Mladenova, Ph.D. 202-690-2315 iliana.mladenova@usda.gov
and Belarus
South Asia, Sri Lanka Arnella Trent 202-720-0881 arnella.trent@usda.gov
Bangladesh, India, and Nepal
East Asia, China, and Japan Dath Mita, Ph.D. 202-720-7339 dath.mita@usda.gov
Sub-Saharan Africa, Curt Reynolds, Ph.D. 202-690-0134 curt.reynolds@usda.gov
Nigeria and South Africa
S.E. Asia, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Justin Jenkins 202-720-0419 justin.jenkins@usda.gov
Cambodia and Vietnam
Central America, Mexico, Ifeoma Collins 202-720-0240 ifeoma.collins@usda.gov
and Western United States
Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan Jim Crutchfield 202-690-0135 james.crutchfield@usda.gov
Papua New Guinea and South Pacific Islands
Middle East, Central Asia, Afghanistan Aaron Mulhollen 202-690-0131 aaron.mulhollen@usda.gov
Iraq, Iran, and Syria
Canada, Caribbean, Shannon Moyo shannon.moyo@usda.gov
Eastern United States
Brazil Sunita Yadav-Pauletti, Ph.D. sunita.yadav-pauletti@usda.gov

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD)
database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply
and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.

FAS Reports and Databases:

World Agricultural Production

Current: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/world-agricultural-production
Archive: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/5q47rn72z?locale=en
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) publishes a monthly report on crop acreage, yield and production in major
countries worldwide. Sources include reporting from FAS’s worldwide offices, official statistics of foreign
governments, and analysis of economic data and satellite imagery. The reports reflect official USDA estimates
released in the monthly World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE).

World Markets and Trade

Current: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data
Archive:
https://usda.library.cornell.edu/catalog?f%5Bmember_of_collections_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Foreign+Agricultural+Se
rvice&locale=en
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) publishes monthly and quarterly reports which include data on U.S. and
global trade, production, consumption and stocks, as well as analysis of developments affecting world trade in
oilseeds, grains, cotton, livestock and poultry. The reports reflect official USDA estimates released in the monthly
World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE).

Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN)

https://gain.fas.usda.gov/
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides timely reports on foreign markets through the Global
Agriculture Information Network (GAIN) database. An average of 2,000 reports are added each year, with reports
going back to 1995. GAIN reports are compiled by FAS’ global market intelligence network, which includes FAS
foreign service officers and locally engaged staff in over 90 overseas offices world-wide. They provide on-the-ground
intelligence, insight, and analysis on nearly 200 countries, delivering information on foreign agricultural markets, crop
conditions, and agro-political dynamics of interest to U.S. agriculture. GAIN reports contain assessments of
commodity and trade issues made by USDA staff and are not necessarily statements of official U.S. government
policy.
Production, Supply and Distribution (PS&D) Online
https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/home
PSD Online is the public repository for USDA’s Official Production, Supply and Distribution forecast data and reports
for key agricultural commodities. PSD Online data are reviewed and updated monthly by an interagency committee
chaired by USDA’s World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB). The committee consist of representatives from
Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), the Economic Research Service (ERS), the Farm Service Agency (FSA), and the
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS).

EU Countries and Russia Wheat: Area and Production Estimates

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/downloads (click on PSD Datasets)
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides country-level area and production estimates for the nations of
the European Union. For Russia, country-level area and production estimates are provided for Winter and Spring
wheat. These datasets are reviewed and updated monthly by an interagency committee chaired by USDA’s World
Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) and can be downloaded through PSD datasets on PSD Online.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 FAS Reports and Databases:

International Production Assessment (IPAD)

https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) maintains a dynamic global crop production portal with key information
including World Agricultural Production (WAP) briefs, Commodity Intelligence Reports (CIR), geospatial
applications, crop production maps at a subnational level and crop calendars for the top-20 producing countries.
Additionally, Crop Explorer (https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/) displays rainfall, temperature,
evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snow cover, and vegetation conditions in charts and maps.

USDA and NASA Global Agricultural Monitoring (GLAM)

https://glam1.gsfc.nasa.gov/
The USDA and NASA Global Agricultural Monitoring (GLAM) system provides near real-time and science quality
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from
the satellites Terra and Aqua. The public can view and retrieve MODIS 8-day composited, global NDVI satellite
imagery and time series data. GLAM was developed by NASA’s Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies
(GIMMS) group for USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service.

Global Agricultural and Disaster Assessment System (GADAS)

https://geo.fas.usda.gov/GADAS/index.html
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides the Global Agricultural and Disaster Assessment System
(GADAS), a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) tool which integrates a vast array of highly detailed
earth observation data streams, particularly targeted towards agricultural and disaster assessment analysis. GADAS is
an interactive website which provides analysts with a wide variety of routine geospatial products (maps, charts, tables)
they require for comprehensive situational investigations and recurring assessments.

Export Sales Reporting

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/esrquery/
USDA’s Export Sales Reporting Program monitors U.S. agricultural export sales on a daily and weekly basis. Export
sales reporting provides a constant stream of up-to-date market information for 40 U.S. agricultural commodities sold
abroad. The weekly U.S. Export Sales report is the most currently available source of U.S. exports sales data. The data
is used to analyze overall levels of export demand, determine where markets exit, and assess the relative position of
U.S. commodities in foreign markets.

Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS)

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/default.aspx
The Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS) is a searchable database containing monthly U.S. Census Bureau trade
data organized by agricultural commodity and agricultural related product groups. Trade data is searchable by partner
countries and partner groups. Historical U.S. agricultural trade data is available back to 1967. In addition, U.N. trade
statistics (UN Comtrade) may be queried through GATS. UN trade data is available for nearly 200 countries or areas,
dating from the inception of the Harmonized System (HS) of trade codes in 1989 to present. The database is
continuously updated. U.S. trade data is updated monthly according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s reporting system.
UN Comtrade data are updated in GATS after nationally submitted data to the UN are standardized by the UN
Statistical Division and added to the UN Comtrade database.

Other USDA Reports:

World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE):
http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/
Economic Research Service:
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops
National Agricultural Statistics Service:
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 25 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 01 World Crop Production Summary
Million Metric Tons
World Total North North North Former Former Europea Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia South South Selected Selected Selected All
- Foreign America America America Soviet Soviet n (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) America America Other Other Other Others
Commodity
none none United Canada Mexico Russia Ukraine none China India Indo- Paki- Thai- Argen- Brazil Aus- South Turkey none
- - States - - - - - - - nesia stan land tina - tralia Africa - -

---Million metric tons---

Wheat
2021/22 780.1 735.2 44.8 22.4 3.3 75.2 33.0 nr 136.9 109.6 0.0 27.5 0.0 22.2 7.7 36.2 2.3 16.0 243.0
2022/23 prel. 789.2 744.3 44.9 34.3 3.6 92.0 21.5 nr 137.7 104.0 0.0 26.4 0.0 12.6 10.6 40.5 2.1 17.3 241.7
2023/24 proj.
Jan 784.9 735.6 49.3 32.0 3.5 91.0 23.4 nr 136.6 110.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 15.0 8.4 25.5 2.2 19.5 240.0
Feb 785.7 736.4 49.3 32.0 3.5 91.0 23.4 nr 136.6 110.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 15.5 8.1 25.5 2.2 19.5 240.7

Coarse Grains
2021/22 1,500.8 1,104.5 396.3 25.1 32.8 38.5 53.5 nr 280.9 51.4 12.7 11.0 5.4 58.6 120.6 19.2 16.6 11.6 366.6
2022/23 prel. 1,446.3 1,089.9 356.4 30.5 33.9 44.1 33.9 nr 285.5 56.8 12.9 9.9 5.3 41.8 141.6 18.8 17.5 14.8 342.6
2023/24 proj.
Jan 1,513.8 1,111.0 402.9 27.2 31.3 42.9 37.6 nr 297.1 53.5 12.9 11.0 5.5 63.3 132.3 13.3 17.3 16.8 348.8
Feb 1,510.1 1,107.2 402.9 27.2 30.4 42.9 37.6 nr 297.1 54.0 12.9 11.0 5.5 63.3 129.3 13.3 17.4 17.0 348.3

Rice, Milled
2021/22 513.1 507.0 6.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 nr 149.0 129.5 34.4 9.3 19.9 0.8 7.3 0.5 0.0 0.5 154.9
2022/23 prel. 513.0 507.9 5.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 nr 145.9 135.8 34.0 5.5 20.9 0.8 7.0 0.4 0.0 0.6 156.3
2023/24 proj.
Jan 513.5 506.6 6.9 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 nr 144.6 132.0 33.5 9.0 20.0 0.9 7.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 157.2
Feb 513.7 506.8 6.9 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 nr 144.6 132.0 33.5 9.0 20.0 0.9 7.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 157.4

Total Grains
2021/22 2,793.9 2,346.8 447.2 47.5 36.2 114.4 86.6 nr 566.8 290.4 47.1 47.8 25.2 81.6 135.7 56.0 18.9 28.1 764.5
2022/23 prel. 2,748.5 2,342.0 406.4 64.9 37.6 136.7 55.4 nr 569.2 296.5 46.9 41.8 26.2 55.1 159.2 59.8 19.6 32.6 740.5
2023/24 proj.
Jan 2,812.3 2,353.2 459.1 59.1 34.9 134.7 61.0 nr 578.4 296.1 46.4 48.0 25.5 79.1 148.2 39.4 19.5 36.8 746.1
Feb 2,809.6 2,350.4 459.1 59.1 34.0 134.7 61.0 nr 578.4 296.6 46.4 48.0 25.5 79.6 144.9 39.4 19.6 37.0 746.4

Oilseeds
2021/22 611.8 480.5 131.3 20.5 0.9 23.1 24.3 nr 62.1 43.2 14.3 3.3 1.0 49.9 135.2 8.7 3.4 3.5 87.2
2022/23 prel. 637.2 511.5 125.8 25.3 0.9 26.6 19.8 nr 67.9 42.4 15.0 2.7 1.0 31.5 167.0 10.1 3.8 4.0 93.5
2023/24 proj.
Jan 660.2 537.8 122.4 25.9 0.6 28.0 24.0 nr 67.9 40.8 14.9 3.8 1.0 56.1 162.9 7.1 3.8 3.1 97.7
Feb 659.4 537.0 122.4 25.9 0.6 28.0 24.0 nr 67.3 41.2 15.1 3.8 1.0 56.1 161.9 7.0 3.8 3.1 98.1

Cotton
2021/22 114.5 97.0 17.5 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 1.7 26.8 24.3 0.0 6.0 0.0 1.5 10.8 5.9 0.1 3.8 15.0
2022/23 prel. 116.3 101.8 14.5 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.6 30.7 26.3 0.0 3.9 0.0 1.2 11.7 5.8 0.1 4.9 14.0
2023/24 proj.
Jan 113.2 100.7 12.4 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.1 27.5 25.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 1.7 14.6 5.1 0.1 3.2 14.9
Feb 112.8 100.4 12.4 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.1 27.5 25.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 1.7 14.6 4.8 0.1 3.2 14.9

1/ Includes wheat, coarse grains, and rice (milled) shown above.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 02 Wheat Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 221.68 219.56 223.04 222.69 3.52 3.59 3.52 3.53 780.05 789.17 784.91 785.74 0.83 0.11 -3.43 -0.44
United States 15.03 14.36 15.08 15.08 2.98 3.13 3.27 3.27 44.80 44.90 49.31 49.31 0.00 0.00 4.42 9.84
Total Foreign 206.65 205.20 207.96 207.60 3.56 3.63 3.54 3.55 735.25 744.28 735.59 736.43 0.83 0.11 -7.85 -1.05
none
European Union 24.29 24.38 24.22 24.22 5.69 5.50 5.55 5.53 138.16 134.19 134.30 134.00 -0.30 -0.22 -0.19 -0.14
United Kingdom 1.79 1.81 1.73 1.73 7.81 8.59 8.29 8.12 13.99 15.54 14.30 14.00 -0.30 -2.10 -1.54 -9.91
Serbia 0.60 0.62 0.73 0.73 5.71 5.16 4.97 4.97 3.40 3.20 3.60 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 12.50
China 23.57 23.52 23.63 23.63 5.81 5.86 5.78 5.78 136.95 137.72 136.59 136.59 0.00 0.00 -1.13 -0.82
South Asia
India 31.13 30.46 31.40 31.40 3.52 3.41 3.52 3.52 109.59 104.00 110.55 110.55 0.00 0.00 6.55 6.30
Pakistan 9.17 9.00 8.86 8.86 3.00 2.93 3.16 3.16 27.46 26.40 28.00 28.00 0.00 0.00 1.60 6.06
Afghanistan 2.05 1.86 2.35 2.35 1.96 2.05 2.20 2.20 4.02 3.80 5.17 5.17 0.00 0.00 1.37 35.98
Nepal 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 2.99 2.98 2.90 2.90 2.15 2.15 2.09 2.09 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -2.56
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 27.63 29.00 28.80 28.80 2.72 3.17 3.16 3.16 75.16 92.00 91.00 91.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 -1.09
Russia Winter 15.22 16.30 15.30 15.30 3.43 4.17 4.18 4.18 52.19 68.00 64.00 64.00 0.00 0.00 -4.00 -5.88
Russia Spring 12.41 12.70 13.50 13.50 1.85 1.89 2.00 2.00 22.96 24.00 27.00 27.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 12.50
Ukraine 7.41 5.60 5.05 5.05 4.45 3.84 4.63 4.63 33.01 21.50 23.40 23.40 0.00 0.00 1.90 8.84
Kazakhstan 12.72 12.81 13.60 13.13 0.93 1.28 0.88 0.92 11.81 16.40 12.00 12.11 0.11 0.93 -4.29 -26.17
Uzbekistan 1.24 1.26 1.40 1.40 4.83 4.99 4.50 4.62 5.99 6.27 6.30 6.46 0.16 2.57 0.19 3.06
Belarus 0.65 0.68 0.68 0.68 3.54 3.48 3.38 3.38 2.30 2.35 2.30 2.30 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -2.13
Canada 9.20 10.08 10.68 10.68 2.44 3.41 2.99 2.99 22.42 34.34 31.95 31.95 0.00 0.00 -2.38 -6.93
South America
Argentina 6.55 5.50 5.50 5.50 3.38 2.28 2.73 2.82 22.15 12.55 15.00 15.50 0.50 3.33 2.95 23.51
Brazil 2.74 3.09 3.47 3.47 2.81 3.43 2.42 2.33 7.70 10.60 8.40 8.10 -0.30 -3.57 -2.50 -23.58
Australia 12.73 13.05 12.50 12.50 2.85 3.11 2.04 2.04 36.24 40.55 25.50 25.50 0.00 0.00 -15.05 -37.11
Africa
Egypt 1.44 1.45 1.35 1.35 6.85 6.55 6.57 6.57 9.84 9.50 8.87 8.87 0.00 0.00 -0.63 -6.63
Morocco 2.87 2.44 2.55 2.50 2.63 1.11 1.63 1.66 7.54 2.71 4.16 4.16 0.00 0.00 1.45 53.62
Algeria 1.80 1.80 2.08 1.80 1.39 2.00 1.30 1.50 2.50 3.60 2.70 2.70 0.00 0.00 -0.90 -25.00
Ethiopia 1.95 1.90 1.80 1.86 2.83 3.05 2.89 2.80 5.52 5.80 5.20 5.20 0.00 0.00 -0.60 -10.34
Middle East
Turkey 7.05 6.80 7.20 7.20 2.27 2.54 2.71 2.71 16.00 17.25 19.50 19.50 0.00 0.00 2.25 13.04
Iran 6.00 6.20 6.20 6.20 2.00 2.13 2.26 2.26 12.00 13.20 14.00 14.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 6.06
Iraq 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.60 1.75 1.52 1.91 2.00 3.50 3.20 4.20 5.20 1.00 23.81 2.00 62.50
Syria 1.57 1.18 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.31 2.00 2.00 1.95 1.55 2.40 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.85 54.64
Mexico 0.55 0.59 0.56 0.56 6.00 6.07 6.23 6.23 3.28 3.57 3.46 3.46 0.00 0.00 -0.12 -3.28
Others 7.26 7.31 7.52 7.50 2.84 2.78 2.75 2.75 20.63 20.35 20.65 20.61 -0.04 -0.19 0.27 1.31

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 February 2024
Global Market Analysis
 Table 03 Total Coarse Grain Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 343.42 334.40 339.46 338.68 4.37 4.33 4.46 4.46 1,500.79 1,446.34 1,513.85 1,510.08 -3.77 -0.25 63.74 4.41
United States 38.21 35.18 38.99 38.99 10.37 10.13 10.33 10.33 396.30 356.45 402.89 402.89 0.00 0.00 46.44 13.03
Total Foreign 305.21 299.23 300.47 299.70 3.62 3.64 3.70 3.69 1,104.50 1,089.89 1,110.96 1,107.19 -3.77 -0.34 17.30 1.59
none
China 45.77 45.52 46.65 46.65 6.14 6.27 6.37 6.37 280.85 285.50 297.14 297.14 0.00 0.00 11.64 4.08
European Union 27.70 26.56 25.88 25.88 5.59 5.01 5.21 5.21 154.84 133.04 134.78 134.78 0.00 0.00 1.74 1.31
United Kingdom 1.43 1.34 1.36 1.36 5.88 6.46 5.96 5.96 8.41 8.67 8.13 8.13 0.00 0.00 -0.54 -6.25
South America
Brazil 23.37 24.10 24.27 23.77 5.16 5.88 5.45 5.44 120.62 141.60 132.33 129.33 -3.00 -2.27 -12.28 -8.67
Argentina 9.62 9.14 9.28 9.28 6.10 4.58 6.82 6.82 58.64 41.84 63.28 63.28 0.00 0.00 21.44 51.24
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 14.01 13.60 13.10 13.10 2.75 3.25 3.28 3.28 38.54 44.13 42.94 42.94 0.00 0.00 -1.19 -2.70
Ukraine 8.66 6.32 6.02 6.02 6.18 5.37 6.25 6.25 53.51 33.93 37.62 37.62 0.00 0.00 3.70 10.89
Kazakhstan 2.63 2.63 2.95 2.87 1.43 1.79 1.39 1.40 3.76 4.71 4.10 4.01 -0.09 -2.17 -0.71 -14.96
Belarus 0.99 1.03 1.05 1.05 3.05 3.11 3.09 3.09 3.00 3.20 3.23 3.23 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.94
Africa
Nigeria 13.70 13.50 13.40 13.40 1.56 1.59 1.54 1.54 21.40 21.51 20.70 20.70 0.00 0.00 -0.81 -3.75
South Africa 3.19 3.13 3.20 3.20 5.22 5.61 5.42 5.43 16.64 17.53 17.35 17.37 0.02 0.11 -0.16 -0.91
Tanzania 5.74 5.30 5.30 5.30 1.47 1.36 1.36 1.36 8.45 7.23 7.23 7.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burkina Faso 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 1.00 1.13 1.13 1.13 4.20 4.73 4.75 4.75 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.38
Ethiopia 5.60 5.42 5.65 5.65 3.10 3.18 3.24 3.24 17.37 17.20 18.30 18.30 0.00 0.00 1.10 6.38
Egypt 1.11 1.10 1.18 1.12 7.48 7.52 6.81 7.17 8.29 8.28 8.06 8.04 -0.02 -0.22 -0.24 -2.92
Mali 5.16 4.80 4.80 4.80 1.23 1.49 1.42 1.42 6.34 7.15 6.80 6.80 0.00 0.00 -0.35 -4.87
India 22.84 23.90 24.43 24.63 2.25 2.38 2.19 2.19 51.39 56.78 53.51 54.01 0.50 0.93 -2.76 -4.87
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 3.90 3.95 4.00 4.00 3.26 3.27 3.23 3.23 12.70 12.90 12.90 12.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Philippines 2.56 2.50 2.57 2.57 3.26 3.32 3.27 3.23 8.34 8.30 8.40 8.30 -0.10 -1.19 0.00 0.00
Vietnam 0.90 0.89 0.83 0.83 4.92 4.99 4.94 4.94 4.45 4.42 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 -0.32 -7.30
Thailand 1.23 1.21 1.28 1.28 4.36 4.35 4.27 4.27 5.35 5.25 5.45 5.45 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.81
Mexico 8.88 8.64 8.29 8.04 3.69 3.92 3.78 3.78 32.79 33.88 31.31 30.36 -0.95 -3.03 -3.52 -10.40
Canada 5.91 5.74 5.24 5.24 4.25 5.32 5.19 5.19 25.12 30.54 27.16 27.16 0.00 0.00 -3.37 -11.04
Australia 6.69 5.69 5.63 5.63 2.87 3.31 2.37 2.37 19.22 18.84 13.34 13.34 0.00 0.00 -5.50 -29.18
Middle East
Turkey 4.46 4.55 4.57 4.57 2.60 3.25 3.67 3.72 11.58 14.77 16.77 16.97 0.20 1.19 2.20 14.89
Iran 1.91 1.86 1.86 1.86 2.16 2.38 2.38 2.38 4.12 4.42 4.42 4.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02
Others 73.06 72.64 73.51 73.43 1.71 1.65 1.73 1.72 124.58 119.55 126.88 126.55 -0.33 -0.26 6.99 5.85

World and Selected Countries and Regions; Coarse Grain includes: Barley, Corn, Millet, Mixed Grains, Oats, Rye and Sorghum

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 04 Corn Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 206.16 200.41 204.00 203.53 5.90 5.77 6.06 6.06 1,215.93 1,155.94 1,235.73 1,232.57 -3.16 -0.26 76.64 6.63
United States 34.39 31.85 35.01 35.01 11.09 10.89 11.13 11.13 381.47 346.74 389.69 389.69 0.00 0.00 42.96 12.39
Total Foreign 171.76 168.56 168.99 168.51 4.86 4.80 5.01 5.00 834.46 809.20 846.04 842.88 -3.16 -0.37 33.68 4.16
none
China 43.32 43.07 44.22 44.22 6.29 6.44 6.53 6.53 272.55 277.20 288.84 288.84 0.00 0.00 11.64 4.20
South America
Brazil 21.80 22.40 22.40 21.90 5.32 6.12 5.67 5.66 116.00 137.00 127.00 124.00 -3.00 -2.36 -13.00 -9.49
Argentina 7.10 6.70 6.90 6.90 6.97 5.22 7.97 7.97 49.50 35.00 55.00 55.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 57.14
Bolivia 0.41 0.44 0.43 0.43 2.42 2.52 2.62 2.62 0.99 1.10 1.13 1.13 0.00 0.00 0.03 2.27
European Union 9.23 8.84 8.28 8.28 7.75 5.93 7.26 7.26 71.55 52.40 60.10 60.10 0.00 0.00 7.70 14.69
Africa
South Africa 3.00 2.95 3.00 3.00 5.38 5.81 5.60 5.60 16.14 17.10 16.80 16.80 0.00 0.00 -0.30 -1.75
Nigeria 6.00 5.80 5.70 5.70 2.12 2.20 2.11 2.11 12.75 12.74 12.00 12.00 0.00 0.00 -0.74 -5.77
Ethiopia 2.53 2.55 2.56 2.56 3.72 4.00 4.06 4.06 9.40 10.20 10.40 10.40 0.00 0.00 0.20 1.96
Egypt 0.93 0.93 0.95 0.95 8.00 8.00 7.58 7.58 7.44 7.44 7.20 7.20 0.00 0.00 -0.24 -3.23
Tanzania 4.40 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.60 1.48 1.48 1.48 7.04 5.90 5.90 5.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Malawi 1.75 1.82 1.79 1.79 2.62 2.05 1.96 1.96 4.58 3.72 3.51 3.51 0.00 0.00 -0.21 -5.57
Zambia 1.41 1.37 1.42 1.42 2.57 1.94 2.30 2.30 3.62 2.65 3.26 3.26 0.00 0.00 0.61 22.95
Kenya 2.17 1.90 2.00 2.00 1.52 1.53 1.60 1.60 3.30 2.90 3.20 3.20 0.00 0.00 0.30 10.34
Uganda 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Zimbabwe 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.53 1.45 1.50 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.05 3.23
Former Soviet Union - 12
Ukraine 5.49 4.05 4.00 4.00 7.68 6.67 7.63 7.63 42.13 27.00 30.50 30.50 0.00 0.00 3.50 12.96
Russia 2.90 2.64 2.58 2.58 5.25 6.00 6.60 6.60 15.23 15.83 17.00 17.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 7.38
South Asia
India 9.96 10.74 10.20 10.40 3.39 3.54 3.43 3.41 33.73 38.09 35.00 35.50 0.50 1.43 -2.59 -6.79
Pakistan 1.65 1.60 1.65 1.65 6.43 5.83 6.36 6.36 10.64 9.33 10.50 10.50 0.00 0.00 1.17 12.53
Nepal 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 3.90 3.95 4.00 4.00 3.26 3.27 3.23 3.23 12.70 12.90 12.90 12.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Philippines 2.56 2.50 2.57 2.57 3.26 3.32 3.27 3.23 8.34 8.30 8.40 8.30 -0.10 -1.19 0.00 0.00
Vietnam 0.90 0.89 0.83 0.83 4.92 4.99 4.94 4.94 4.45 4.42 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 -0.32 -7.30
Thailand 1.20 1.18 1.25 1.25 4.42 4.41 4.32 4.32 5.30 5.20 5.40 5.40 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.85
Mexico 7.09 6.89 6.52 6.40 3.77 4.07 3.91 3.91 26.76 28.08 25.50 25.00 -0.50 -1.96 -3.08 -10.96
Canada 1.46 1.44 1.52 1.52 9.99 10.07 9.92 9.92 14.61 14.54 15.08 15.08 0.00 0.00 0.54 3.69
Turkey 0.54 0.53 0.65 0.65 12.04 12.83 12.62 12.92 6.50 6.80 8.20 8.40 0.20 2.44 1.60 23.53
Others 27.03 26.33 26.52 26.46 2.67 2.52 2.72 2.72 72.24 66.39 72.10 71.84 -0.26 -0.36 5.45 8.21

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 05 Barley Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 49.72 47.20 47.33 47.16 2.92 3.21 3.02 3.03 145.35 151.61 142.87 142.78 -0.09 -0.06 -8.83 -5.83
United States 0.81 0.98 1.03 1.03 3.25 3.86 3.90 3.90 2.63 3.79 4.03 4.03 0.00 0.00 0.24 6.39
Total Foreign 48.91 46.22 46.29 46.13 2.92 3.20 3.00 3.01 142.72 147.83 138.84 138.75 -0.09 -0.06 -9.07 -6.14
none
European Union 10.27 10.30 10.30 10.30 5.06 5.02 4.61 4.61 52.01 51.69 47.50 47.50 0.00 0.00 -4.19 -8.11
United Kingdom 1.15 1.10 1.13 1.13 6.05 6.69 6.22 6.22 6.96 7.39 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -0.39 -5.21
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 7.69 7.75 7.63 7.63 2.28 2.77 2.69 2.69 17.51 21.50 20.50 20.50 0.00 0.00 -1.00 -4.65
Ukraine 2.68 1.95 1.70 1.70 3.70 3.13 3.74 3.74 9.92 6.10 6.35 6.35 0.00 0.00 0.25 4.10
Kazakhstan 2.16 2.18 2.50 2.43 1.10 1.51 1.08 1.08 2.37 3.29 2.70 2.61 -0.09 -3.19 -0.67 -20.47
Belarus 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.86 2.75 2.75 2.75 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Azerbaijan 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.38 3.07 2.93 2.93 2.93 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 3.01 2.64 2.70 2.70 2.32 3.79 3.30 3.30 6.98 9.99 8.90 8.90 0.00 0.00 -1.09 -10.92
Australia 5.10 4.13 4.20 4.20 2.81 3.43 2.38 2.38 14.34 14.14 10.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 -4.14 -29.26
Middle East
Turkey 3.70 3.80 3.70 3.70 1.22 1.95 2.16 2.16 4.50 7.40 8.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 8.11
Iran 1.70 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.59 1.82 1.82 1.82 2.70 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iraq 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 1.17 1.13 1.33 1.33 0.70 0.68 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.12 17.65
Syria 1.44 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.18 0.78 1.22 1.22 0.25 0.70 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.40 57.14
Africa
Ethiopia 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.98 2.45 2.22 2.46 2.46 2.35 2.18 2.40 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.22 9.89
Morocco 1.49 1.14 1.20 1.17 1.87 0.61 1.13 1.15 2.78 0.70 1.35 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 93.97
Algeria 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 0.93 1.56 1.00 1.00 0.95 1.60 1.03 1.03 0.00 0.00 -0.58 -35.94
Tunisia 0.28 0.30 0.20 0.20 1.54 1.53 0.85 0.85 0.43 0.46 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 -0.29 -63.04
South Africa 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 3.52 2.99 3.27 3.41 0.33 0.30 0.36 0.38 0.02 4.17 0.07 24.17
South America
Argentina 1.34 1.58 1.40 1.40 3.96 2.93 3.57 3.57 5.30 4.62 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 8.23
Uruguay 0.22 0.21 0.18 0.18 4.11 4.25 3.89 3.89 0.92 0.90 0.70 0.70 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -21.96
Brazil 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 3.79 3.92 3.96 3.96 0.43 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.01 2.70
India 0.59 0.45 0.63 0.63 2.80 3.03 3.05 3.05 1.66 1.37 1.91 1.91 0.00 0.00 0.54 39.53
China 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.50 3.92 3.92 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.35 0.30 0.33 0.33 3.11 2.69 2.92 2.92 1.09 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.16 19.50
Afghanistan 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.08 1.63 1.53 1.38 1.38 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.02 15.79
Others 1.68 1.68 1.77 1.71 2.40 2.54 2.44 2.52 4.04 4.26 4.32 4.31 -0.02 -0.42 0.05 1.13

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 30 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 06 Oats Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 9.63 9.32 8.29 8.29 2.36 2.69 2.34 2.34 22.69 25.13 19.42 19.36 -0.06 -0.33 -5.77 -22.95
United States 0.26 0.36 0.34 0.34 2.20 2.35 2.46 2.46 0.58 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -1.08
Total Foreign 9.36 8.97 7.95 7.95 2.36 2.71 2.34 2.33 22.11 24.29 18.60 18.53 -0.06 -0.34 -5.76 -23.70
none
European Union 2.54 2.34 2.24 2.24 2.94 3.17 2.63 2.63 7.47 7.41 5.90 5.90 0.00 0.00 -1.51 -20.37
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 2.17 2.13 1.80 1.80 1.72 2.11 1.83 1.83 3.73 4.50 3.30 3.30 0.00 0.00 -1.20 -26.67
Ukraine 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.15 2.61 2.47 2.33 2.33 0.48 0.38 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -7.89
Belarus 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 2.33 2.42 2.26 2.26 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -6.67
Kazakhstan 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.90 1.16 1.16 0.79 0.18 0.23 0.22 0.15 -0.07 -31.82 -0.08 -34.50
Canada 1.21 1.40 0.82 0.82 2.39 3.73 3.20 3.20 2.90 5.23 2.64 2.64 0.00 0.00 -2.59 -49.56
South America
Argentina 0.35 0.26 0.29 0.29 2.07 1.67 2.14 2.14 0.73 0.43 0.61 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.18 42.19
Brazil 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 2.27 2.38 2.39 2.39 1.14 1.19 1.22 1.22 0.00 0.00 0.03 2.52
Chile 0.12 0.07 0.10 0.10 4.70 4.38 4.74 4.74 0.58 0.32 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.14 42.86
Uruguay 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 2.21 2.40 2.20 2.20 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -38.89
Oceania
Australia 0.84 0.75 0.70 0.70 2.06 2.13 1.57 1.57 1.74 1.59 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 -0.49 -30.69
New Zealand 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 6.25 6.60 6.50 6.50 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -21.21
China 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.48 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Africa
Algeria 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.31 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Morocco 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.33 0.31 0.31 0.40 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00
South Africa 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.64 1.04 1.29 1.43 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.00 11.11 0.01 42.86
Other Europe
United Kingdom 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.17 5.62 5.79 5.15 5.15 1.12 1.01 0.85 0.85 0.00 0.00 -0.16 -15.59
Norway 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 3.11 2.80 3.00 3.00 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.02 42.86
Albania 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.20 2.27 2.27 2.27 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.82 4.00 3.43 3.43 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -45.45
Turkey 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 2.02 2.22 2.20 2.20 0.09 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -51.33
Others 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.06 1.66 1.63 1.68 1.68 0.10 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.04 80.77

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 31 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 07 Rye Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 4.03 3.70 3.61 3.61 3.10 3.32 3.21 3.21 12.52 12.27 11.60 11.58 -0.01 -0.10 -0.69 -5.60
United States 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.13 2.09 2.26 2.03 2.03 0.25 0.32 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -16.46
Total Foreign 3.92 3.56 3.48 3.48 3.13 3.36 3.26 3.26 12.27 11.96 11.33 11.32 -0.01 -0.11 -0.64 -5.31
none
European Union 1.93 1.77 1.85 1.85 4.16 4.30 4.10 4.10 8.01 7.61 7.58 7.58 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.39
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 0.99 0.88 0.80 0.80 1.73 2.27 2.13 2.13 1.72 2.00 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 -0.30 -15.00
Belarus 0.33 0.30 0.31 0.31 2.46 2.50 2.52 2.52 0.80 0.75 0.78 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.03 4.00
Ukraine 0.18 0.10 0.08 0.08 3.43 3.15 2.88 2.88 0.60 0.32 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -26.98
Kazakhstan 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.91 1.76 1.36 0.86 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -40.00 -0.04 -70.00
Turkey 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 2.87 2.91 2.91 2.91 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.12 3.21 3.42 3.09 3.09 0.37 0.52 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.00 -0.16 -31.15
South America
Chile 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 -0.01 -100.00
Argentina 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.09 1.88 1.66 1.83 1.83 0.23 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -7.82
Other Europe
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Switzerland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.80 3.00 3.33 3.33 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11
Australia 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 2.18 2.80 2.20 2.20 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -23.02

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 32 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 08 Sorghum Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 40.65 39.69 41.72 41.59 1.50 1.40 1.44 1.43 60.96 55.37 60.01 59.58 -0.43 -0.72 4.21 7.61
United States 2.63 1.85 2.48 2.48 4.33 2.58 3.26 3.26 11.38 4.77 8.07 8.07 0.00 0.00 3.30 69.20
Total Foreign 38.02 37.84 39.24 39.12 1.30 1.34 1.32 1.32 49.58 50.60 51.94 51.51 -0.43 -0.83 0.91 1.80
none
Africa
Nigeria 5.70 5.70 5.70 5.70 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 6.73 6.74 6.70 6.70 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.62
Ethiopia 1.65 1.52 1.66 1.66 2.70 2.56 2.65 2.65 4.45 3.88 4.40 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.52 13.49
Sudan 6.92 7.00 7.50 7.50 0.51 0.75 0.67 0.67 3.53 5.25 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 -0.25 -4.73
Burkina Faso 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 0.87 1.06 1.00 1.00 1.64 2.01 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -5.66
Mali 1.55 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.81 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.58 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 -0.08 -5.18
Niger 3.52 3.70 3.70 3.70 0.34 0.57 0.51 0.51 1.21 2.10 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -9.52
Cameroon 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tanzania 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.08 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Egypt 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 4.90 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.77 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.87 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ghana 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 1.05 1.49 1.13 1.13 0.32 0.46 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -24.41
Mozambique 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.64 0.61 0.64 0.64 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.01 4.58
South Africa 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 2.78 2.76 3.75 3.75 0.10 0.09 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.06 59.57
Mexico 1.40 1.40 1.42 1.29 3.47 3.50 3.38 3.39 4.84 4.89 4.80 4.35 -0.45 -9.38 -0.54 -11.08
South America
Argentina 0.70 0.50 0.60 0.60 4.12 3.22 4.17 4.17 2.88 1.61 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.89 55.28
Brazil 0.95 1.07 1.23 1.23 3.20 2.72 2.93 2.93 3.04 2.92 3.60 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.68 23.29
South Asia
India 3.80 3.54 4.10 4.10 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.07 4.15 3.81 4.40 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.59 15.36
Pakistan 0.08 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.83 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.06 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
China 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 4.76 4.76 4.76 4.76 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Australia 0.62 0.69 0.60 0.60 4.26 3.84 3.00 3.00 2.65 2.64 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 -0.84 -31.77
European Union 0.15 0.13 0.16 0.16 5.44 4.29 5.16 5.16 0.80 0.55 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.25 44.67
Others 5.71 5.62 5.59 5.60 0.97 0.99 1.01 1.02 5.52 5.59 5.67 5.69 0.02 0.32 0.10 1.79

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 33 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 09 Rice Area, Yield, and Production

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 165.66 165.70 165.00 165.07 4.62 4.62 4.65 4.65 513.10 512.96 513.54 513.74 0.19 0.04 0.78 0.15
United States 1.00 0.88 1.16 1.16 8.64 8.28 8.57 8.57 6.07 5.08 6.93 6.93 0.00 0.00 1.85 36.38
Total Foreign 164.65 164.82 163.84 163.92 4.60 4.60 4.62 4.62 507.03 507.87 506.61 506.80 0.19 0.04 -1.07 -0.21
none
East Asia
China 29.92 29.45 28.95 28.95 7.11 7.08 7.14 7.14 148.99 145.95 144.62 144.62 0.00 0.00 -1.33 -0.91
Japan 1.52 1.50 1.47 1.47 6.90 6.86 6.82 6.82 7.64 7.48 7.30 7.30 0.00 0.00 -0.18 -2.41
Korea, South 0.73 0.73 0.71 0.71 7.12 6.87 7.00 7.00 3.88 3.76 3.70 3.70 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -1.65
Korea, North 0.56 0.54 0.54 0.54 3.74 3.87 4.18 4.18 1.36 1.36 1.47 1.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 8.09
South Asia
India 46.28 47.83 47.00 47.00 4.20 4.26 4.21 4.21 129.47 135.76 132.00 132.00 0.00 0.00 -3.76 -2.77
Bangladesh 11.62 11.60 11.65 11.65 4.63 4.70 4.67 4.67 35.85 36.35 36.30 36.30 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.14
Pakistan 3.54 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.95 2.75 3.86 3.86 9.32 5.50 9.00 9.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 63.64
Nepal 1.48 1.45 1.45 1.45 3.47 3.79 3.66 3.66 3.42 3.65 3.53 3.53 0.00 0.00 -0.12 -3.39
Sri Lanka 1.13 1.15 1.10 1.16 3.56 3.63 4.09 4.22 2.73 2.84 3.06 3.33 0.27 8.89 0.50 17.49
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 11.60 11.55 11.30 11.30 4.67 4.64 4.67 4.67 34.40 34.00 33.50 33.50 0.00 0.00 -0.50 -1.47
Vietnam 7.10 7.10 7.15 7.15 6.01 6.07 6.05 6.05 26.67 26.94 27.00 27.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.22
Thailand 10.70 11.07 10.65 10.65 2.81 2.86 2.85 2.85 19.88 20.91 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 -0.91 -4.35
Burma 7.00 6.80 6.86 6.86 2.77 2.71 2.72 2.72 12.40 11.80 11.95 11.95 0.00 0.00 0.15 1.27
Philippines 4.80 4.85 4.80 4.80 4.15 4.13 4.17 4.13 12.54 12.63 12.60 12.50 -0.10 -0.79 -0.13 -0.99
Cambodia 3.27 3.31 3.37 3.37 2.89 2.94 2.92 2.92 5.77 5.93 6.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.13
Laos 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 3.28 3.26 3.21 3.21 1.95 1.95 1.92 1.92 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -1.54
Malaysia 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.66 3.97 3.99 4.08 4.08 1.68 1.70 1.75 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.94
South America
Brazil 1.62 1.47 1.55 1.55 6.67 7.01 7.10 7.10 7.34 7.00 7.48 7.48 0.00 0.00 0.48 6.80
Peru 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 8.37 8.55 8.52 8.52 2.43 2.48 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.64
Africa
Egypt 0.50 0.60 0.63 0.63 8.41 8.70 8.70 8.70 2.90 3.60 3.78 3.78 0.00 0.00 0.18 5.00
Madagascar 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 2.74 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.81 2.82 2.82 2.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Nigeria 3.65 3.50 3.50 3.50 2.29 2.43 2.37 2.37 5.26 5.36 5.23 5.23 0.00 0.00 -0.13 -2.35
European Union 0.40 0.33 0.34 0.34 6.64 6.32 6.56 6.56 1.73 1.34 1.43 1.43 0.00 0.00 0.09 6.89
Iran 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.57 5.14 5.32 5.30 5.30 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.25
Others 13.06 12.80 13.13 13.14 2.87 2.94 2.97 2.97 24.72 24.78 25.68 25.70 0.02 0.08 0.93 3.74

Yield is on a rough basis, before the milling process. Production is on a milled basis, after the milling process.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 34 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 10 Total Oilseed Area, Yield, and Production

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World Total -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 611.78 637.21 660.18 659.40 -0.78 -0.12 22.19 3.48
Total Foreign -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 480.46 511.46 537.80 537.03 -0.78 -0.14 25.57 5.00
Oilseed, Copra -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.07 6.03 6.05 6.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.36
Oilseed, Palm Kernel -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 19.14 20.07 20.51 20.71 0.20 0.98 0.64 3.17
none
Major OilSeeds 260.92 266.88 269.82 270.05 2.25 2.29 2.35 2.34 586.57 611.11 633.62 632.64 -0.98 -0.15 21.53 3.52
United States 41.05 39.91 38.28 38.28 3.20 3.15 3.20 3.20 131.32 125.75 122.37 122.37 0.00 0.00 -3.38 -2.69
none
Foreign Oilseeds 219.87 226.97 231.54 231.77 2.07 2.14 2.21 2.20 455.25 485.36 511.25 510.27 -0.98 -0.19 24.91 5.13
South America 68.65 71.11 73.90 74.35 2.87 3.02 3.20 3.17 196.77 214.41 236.52 235.83 -0.69 -0.29 21.43 9.99
Brazil 43.23 46.46 47.54 47.84 3.12 3.59 3.42 3.38 135.03 166.85 162.79 161.79 -1.00 -0.61 -5.06 -3.03
Argentina 18.77 17.76 19.48 19.48 2.66 1.77 2.88 2.88 49.88 31.45 56.14 56.14 0.00 0.00 24.69 78.50
Paraguay 3.51 3.74 3.69 3.71 1.23 2.75 2.84 2.84 4.31 10.28 10.50 10.52 0.02 0.17 0.24 2.35
Bolivia 1.68 1.73 1.63 1.76 2.18 2.43 2.19 2.20 3.67 4.21 3.58 3.87 0.30 8.25 -0.34 -7.97
Uruguay 1.32 1.28 1.42 1.42 2.68 1.00 2.21 2.21 3.53 1.28 3.15 3.15 0.00 0.00 1.87 146.75
China 24.02 25.95 26.34 26.14 2.58 2.62 2.58 2.58 62.07 67.92 67.87 67.32 -0.55 -0.81 -0.60 -0.88
South Asia 41.74 43.61 44.32 44.37 1.11 1.04 1.01 1.02 46.48 45.35 44.87 45.19 0.33 0.72 -0.15 -0.34
India 38.49 40.19 40.35 40.40 1.10 1.03 0.99 0.99 42.15 41.39 39.83 40.15 0.33 0.82 -1.24 -3.00
Pakistan 2.53 2.49 3.06 3.06 1.31 1.08 1.24 1.24 3.31 2.69 3.80 3.80 0.00 0.00 1.11 41.17
European Union 11.09 12.36 12.53 12.53 2.80 2.58 2.69 2.69 31.08 31.88 33.65 33.65 0.00 0.00 1.77 5.56
United Kingdom 0.31 0.36 0.39 0.39 3.20 3.74 3.14 3.14 0.98 1.36 1.23 1.23 0.00 0.00 -0.14 -9.99
Former Soviet Union - 12 27.79 27.65 28.59 28.50 1.89 1.88 2.01 2.01 52.64 51.90 57.35 57.33 -0.02 -0.03 5.43 10.46
Russia 14.23 14.74 14.85 14.85 1.62 1.80 1.89 1.89 23.11 26.55 28.00 28.00 0.00 0.00 1.45 5.46
Ukraine 9.58 8.75 9.50 9.50 2.54 2.26 2.53 2.53 24.32 19.80 24.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 21.21
Uzbekistan 1.05 1.07 1.05 1.05 1.13 1.28 1.13 1.15 1.19 1.37 1.19 1.21 0.02 1.69 -0.16 -11.97
Canada 11.06 10.75 11.16 11.16 1.86 2.36 2.32 2.32 20.55 25.32 25.87 25.87 0.00 0.00 0.55 2.18
Africa 25.06 24.25 24.29 24.26 0.98 1.05 1.06 1.06 24.67 25.39 25.79 25.83 0.03 0.12 0.44 1.73
Nigeria 4.97 4.87 4.87 4.87 1.11 1.15 1.15 1.15 5.50 5.61 5.60 5.60 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.25
South Africa 1.76 1.88 1.90 1.84 1.92 2.02 1.99 2.05 3.37 3.79 3.79 3.79 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.16
Tanzania 1.34 1.36 1.47 1.47 0.90 0.91 0.87 0.87 1.21 1.23 1.28 1.28 0.00 0.00 0.04 3.49
Southeast Asia 3.12 3.08 3.05 3.05 1.36 1.36 1.39 1.39 4.23 4.18 4.23 4.23 0.00 0.00 0.05 1.12
Burma 1.95 1.94 1.95 1.95 1.16 1.18 1.24 1.24 2.25 2.28 2.41 2.41 0.00 0.00 0.13 5.47
Indonesia 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.84 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.49 1.39 1.32 1.26 1.26 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -4.92
Australia 3.94 4.61 4.02 4.07 2.20 2.19 1.77 1.73 8.68 10.11 7.13 7.04 -0.09 -1.26 -3.08 -30.42
Turkey 1.34 1.47 1.27 1.27 2.61 2.71 2.43 2.43 3.49 3.98 3.09 3.09 0.00 0.00 -0.90 -22.51
Others 1.75 1.78 1.69 1.69 2.06 2.01 2.17 2.18 3.62 3.57 3.66 3.67 0.01 0.27 0.10 2.77

World Total and Total Foreign: (Major Oilseeds plus copra and palm kernel) Major Oilseeds: (soybeans, sunflowerseeds, peanuts(inshell), cottonseed and
rapeseed)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 35 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 11 Soybean Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 131.45 136.84 139.04 139.38 2.74 2.76 2.87 2.86 360.41 378.06 398.98 398.21 -0.77 -0.19 20.15 5.33
United States 34.92 34.87 33.33 33.33 3.48 3.33 3.40 3.40 121.50 116.22 113.34 113.34 0.00 0.00 -2.88 -2.48
Total Foreign 96.52 101.97 105.71 106.05 2.48 2.57 2.70 2.69 238.91 261.84 285.63 284.87 -0.77 -0.27 23.03 8.80
none
South America
Brazil 41.60 44.60 45.60 45.90 3.14 3.63 3.44 3.40 130.50 162.00 157.00 156.00 -1.00 -0.64 -6.00 -3.70
Argentina 15.90 14.40 16.50 16.50 2.76 1.74 3.03 3.03 43.90 25.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 100.00
Paraguay 3.42 3.60 3.55 3.55 1.22 2.79 2.90 2.90 4.18 10.05 10.30 10.30 0.00 0.00 0.25 2.49
Bolivia 1.53 1.58 1.50 1.60 2.27 2.53 2.27 2.28 3.46 3.99 3.40 3.65 0.25 7.35 -0.34 -8.41
Uruguay 1.16 0.93 1.28 1.28 2.80 0.75 2.27 2.27 3.23 0.70 2.90 2.90 0.00 0.00 2.20 314.29
East Asia
China 8.42 10.24 10.47 10.47 1.95 1.98 1.99 1.99 16.40 20.28 20.84 20.84 0.00 0.00 0.56 2.74
Korea, South 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 2.06 2.03 1.93 2.07 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.01 7.63 0.01 8.46
Korea, North 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Japan 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 1.63 1.58 1.63 1.63 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.02 6.30
India 12.15 13.08 13.00 13.00 0.98 0.95 0.85 0.85 11.89 12.41 11.00 11.00 0.00 0.00 -1.41 -11.37
Canada 2.08 2.12 2.26 2.26 2.99 3.09 3.09 3.09 6.22 6.54 6.98 6.98 0.00 0.00 0.44 6.69
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 2.99 3.36 3.50 3.50 1.59 1.79 1.94 1.94 4.76 6.00 6.80 6.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 13.41
Ukraine 1.44 1.82 2.00 2.00 2.64 2.25 2.60 2.60 3.80 4.10 5.20 5.20 0.00 0.00 1.10 26.83
European Union 1.01 1.13 1.09 1.09 2.82 2.26 2.81 2.81 2.83 2.55 3.06 3.06 0.00 0.00 0.51 20.05
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.32 1.21 1.18 1.17 1.17 0.43 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -3.85
Vietnam 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.61 1.60 1.61 1.61 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.25
Thailand 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burma 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -3.85
Serbia 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 2.28 1.70 2.77 2.77 0.54 0.40 0.65 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.25 62.91
Mexico 0.18 0.12 0.09 0.09 1.57 1.52 1.53 1.53 0.29 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -21.14
Africa
South Africa 0.93 1.15 1.07 1.04 2.41 2.40 2.34 2.40 2.23 2.76 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 -0.26 -9.26
Nigeria 1.20 1.20 1.15 1.15 0.93 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.12 1.18 1.15 1.15 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -2.54
Zambia 0.30 0.38 0.38 0.38 1.35 1.27 1.27 1.27 0.41 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 1.20 1.18 1.18 1.18 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Middle East
Iran 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 2.29 2.27 2.36 2.36 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -2.94
Turkey 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 3.91 4.14 4.12 4.12 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -3.45
Others 0.82 0.87 0.89 0.86 1.78 1.78 1.76 1.79 1.46 1.55 1.57 1.55 -0.03 -1.65 -0.01 -0.32

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 36 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 12 Cottonseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 31.77 31.19 30.92 30.98 1.31 1.36 1.34 1.34 41.51 42.57 41.54 41.46 -0.08 -0.20 -1.11 -2.61
United States 4.15 2.95 2.86 2.86 1.16 1.36 1.20 1.20 4.83 4.01 3.44 3.44 0.00 0.00 -0.57 -14.21
Total Foreign 27.62 28.24 28.07 28.13 1.33 1.37 1.36 1.35 36.68 38.56 38.10 38.02 -0.08 -0.22 -0.54 -1.41
none
South Asia
India 12.37 12.93 12.70 12.70 0.83 0.86 0.84 0.84 10.32 11.17 10.61 10.61 0.00 0.00 -0.55 -4.94
Pakistan 2.00 1.80 2.40 2.40 1.30 0.94 1.21 1.21 2.60 1.69 2.90 2.90 0.00 0.00 1.21 71.82
China 3.10 3.15 2.90 2.90 3.39 3.82 3.72 3.72 10.50 12.03 10.78 10.78 0.00 0.00 -1.25 -10.42
Former Soviet Union - 12
Uzbekistan 1.03 1.05 1.03 1.03 1.09 1.23 1.10 1.10 1.12 1.29 1.14 1.14 0.00 0.00 -0.16 -12.14
Turkmenistan 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tajikistan 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 1.09 1.11 1.15 1.15 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.72
Kazakhstan 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.84 1.05 0.88 0.88 0.09 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -19.85
South America
Brazil 1.37 1.60 1.66 1.66 2.62 2.43 2.91 2.91 3.59 3.89 4.83 4.83 0.00 0.00 0.94 24.24
Argentina 0.48 0.51 0.56 0.56 1.12 0.84 1.12 1.12 0.54 0.43 0.63 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.20 45.94
Middle East
Turkey 0.45 0.56 0.44 0.44 2.76 2.88 2.38 2.38 1.24 1.60 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00 -0.56 -34.69
Syria 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.35 1.35 1.18 1.18 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -12.59
Australia 0.64 0.65 0.47 0.52 2.77 2.68 3.29 2.80 1.76 1.74 1.53 1.44 -0.09 -5.87 -0.30 -17.22
European Union 0.32 0.31 0.25 0.25 1.66 1.70 1.34 1.34 0.53 0.53 0.34 0.34 0.00 0.00 -0.19 -35.62
Africa
Burkina Faso 0.60 0.62 0.49 0.54 0.45 0.35 0.39 0.40 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.02 9.84 0.00 -0.93
Mali 0.72 0.60 0.70 0.71 0.56 0.35 0.50 0.52 0.40 0.21 0.35 0.37 0.01 3.97 0.16 76.44
Cameroon 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.25 1.39 1.29 1.33 1.35 0.32 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.01 1.54 0.03 10.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.47 0.41 0.39 0.40 0.60 0.29 0.52 0.50 0.28 0.12 0.20 0.20 0.00 -1.97 0.08 67.23
Benin 0.64 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.73 0.64 0.73 0.68 0.47 0.36 0.39 0.35 -0.04 -11.08 -0.02 -5.22
Tanzania 0.34 0.36 0.47 0.47 0.33 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.11 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.04 32.58
Egypt 0.09 0.14 0.11 0.11 1.00 0.92 0.96 0.96 0.09 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -17.83
Nigeria 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.49 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Zimbabwe 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sudan 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.15 0.20 0.13 0.13 2.71 2.70 2.43 2.43 0.42 0.54 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 -0.22 -41.48
Burma 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.81 0.76 1.25 1.25 0.13 0.11 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.08 70.18
Others 0.70 0.62 0.67 0.64 0.71 0.84 0.79 0.86 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.55 0.02 3.02 0.02 4.00

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 37 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 13 Peanut Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 30.70 28.89 29.50 29.50 1.69 1.71 1.71 1.71 51.97 49.36 50.46 50.46 0.00 0.00 1.10 2.22
United States 0.62 0.56 0.64 0.64 4.64 4.50 4.19 4.19 2.89 2.51 2.67 2.67 0.00 0.00 0.16 6.28
Total Foreign 30.07 28.33 28.87 28.87 1.63 1.65 1.66 1.66 49.08 46.85 47.79 47.79 0.00 0.00 0.94 2.00
none
China 4.81 4.68 4.82 4.82 3.81 3.91 3.86 3.86 18.31 18.33 18.60 18.60 0.00 0.00 0.27 1.47
Africa
Nigeria 3.50 3.40 3.45 3.45 1.21 1.26 1.25 1.25 4.23 4.28 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.37
Sudan 3.94 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.60 0.83 0.83 0.83 2.36 2.50 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Senegal 1.21 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.38 1.23 1.40 1.40 1.68 1.50 1.72 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.21 14.18
Cameroon 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ghana 0.34 0.37 0.37 0.37 1.48 1.65 1.62 1.62 0.50 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -1.80
Chad 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.76 1.06 1.10 1.09 1.09 0.80 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12
Malawi 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Congo (Kinshasa) 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Niger 0.92 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.56 0.69 0.65 0.65 0.52 0.67 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -10.58
Mali 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.78 1.04 1.00 1.00 0.35 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -4.06
Uganda 0.39 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.65 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burkina Faso 0.58 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.83 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.48 0.56 0.58 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.02 2.86
Guinea 0.79 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.15 1.14 1.11 1.11 0.91 1.03 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -2.44
Egypt 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.42 3.20 3.20 3.20 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Central African Republic 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 1.51 2.26 2.00 2.00 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 14.29
Mozambique 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 1.42 1.47 1.45 1.45 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.23
Benin 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 1.05 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 6.71
South Asia
India 5.71 4.96 5.30 5.30 1.52 1.27 1.21 1.21 8.70 6.30 6.40 6.40 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.59
Pakistan 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.52 1.76 1.72 1.69 1.69 0.96 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -5.38
Burma 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.51 1.55 1.59 1.59 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 0.05 3.03
Vietnam 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 2.58 2.58 2.60 2.60 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -2.50
Thailand 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South America
Argentina 0.41 0.37 0.40 0.40 3.29 2.59 3.48 3.48 1.34 0.96 1.38 1.38 0.00 0.00 0.41 42.78
Brazil 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.24 4.09 4.05 3.79 3.79 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.63 1.76 1.74 1.74 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 6.98
Others 1.78 1.80 1.81 1.81 1.20 1.18 1.19 1.19 2.13 2.13 2.15 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.03

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 38 February 2024
Global Market Analysis
 Table 14 Sunflowerseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 28.54 28.07 27.87 27.65 1.99 1.86 1.99 1.99 56.86 52.29 55.54 55.08 -0.47 -0.84 2.78 5.32
United States 0.50 0.65 0.51 0.51 1.71 1.97 2.00 2.00 0.86 1.27 1.03 1.03 0.00 0.00 -0.25 -19.39
Total Foreign 28.04 27.43 27.36 27.14 2.00 1.86 1.99 1.99 55.99 51.02 54.52 54.05 -0.47 -0.86 3.03 5.93
none
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 9.61 9.11 9.30 9.30 1.62 1.78 1.84 1.84 15.57 16.25 17.10 17.10 0.00 0.00 0.85 5.20
Ukraine 7.10 5.70 6.00 6.00 2.46 2.14 2.42 2.42 17.50 12.20 14.50 14.50 0.00 0.00 2.30 18.85
Kazakhstan 0.94 1.09 1.15 1.13 1.10 1.20 1.04 1.10 1.03 1.30 1.20 1.24 0.04 3.00 -0.07 -5.21
European Union 4.37 4.98 4.90 4.90 2.36 1.84 2.08 2.08 10.33 9.18 10.20 10.20 0.00 0.00 1.02 11.10
South America
Argentina 1.96 2.45 2.00 2.00 2.07 2.05 2.05 2.05 4.05 5.02 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 -0.92 -18.31
Uruguay 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.00 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00
Bolivia 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.16 1.32 1.38 1.35 1.38 0.21 0.22 0.18 0.22 0.05 25.71 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.03 1.56 1.55 1.55 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.56
Paraguay 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.55 1.56 1.50 1.50 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -10.00
China 0.70 0.62 0.80 0.60 3.06 2.79 2.81 2.83 2.15 1.74 2.25 1.70 -0.55 -24.44 -0.04 -2.35
South Asia
India 0.27 0.36 0.15 0.15 0.52 0.59 0.75 0.75 0.14 0.22 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -47.91
Pakistan 0.05 0.11 0.10 0.10 1.58 1.35 1.35 1.35 0.08 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -8.78
Middle East
Turkey 0.76 0.79 0.70 0.70 2.30 2.41 2.21 2.21 1.75 1.90 1.55 1.55 0.00 0.00 -0.35 -18.42
Iran 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.27
Israel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Africa
Egypt 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.38 2.53 2.50 2.50 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 31.58
Morocco 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 1.56 1.11 1.27 1.27 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.67
South Africa 0.67 0.56 0.64 0.62 1.26 1.30 1.46 1.52 0.85 0.72 0.94 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.21 29.14
Burma 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.03 2.21 2.30 2.30 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 9.52
Australia 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.58 1.48 1.48 1.48 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.66 2.59 2.09 2.28 2.28 1.64 1.37 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.13 9.52

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 39 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 15 Rapeseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 38.46 41.90 42.49 42.53 1.97 2.12 2.05 2.06 75.83 88.83 87.10 87.44 0.34 0.39 -1.39 -1.57
United States 0.85 0.88 0.94 0.94 1.46 1.98 2.01 2.01 1.24 1.74 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.16 8.97
Total Foreign 37.62 41.02 41.54 41.59 1.98 2.12 2.05 2.06 74.59 87.10 85.21 85.55 0.34 0.40 -1.55 -1.78
none
European Union 5.39 5.94 6.29 6.29 3.22 3.31 3.19 3.19 17.39 19.62 20.05 20.05 0.00 0.00 0.43 2.19
United Kingdom 0.31 0.36 0.39 0.39 3.20 3.74 3.14 3.14 0.98 1.36 1.23 1.23 0.00 0.00 -0.14 -9.99
Switzerland 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 8.95 8.60 8.86 8.86 1.59 2.17 2.12 2.12 14.25 18.70 18.80 18.80 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.56
China 6.99 7.25 7.35 7.35 2.10 2.14 2.10 2.10 14.71 15.53 15.40 15.40 0.00 0.00 -0.13 -0.84
South Asia
India 7.99 8.85 9.20 9.25 1.39 1.28 1.27 1.30 11.10 11.30 11.70 12.03 0.33 2.78 0.73 6.42
Pakistan 0.32 0.45 0.43 0.43 1.50 1.64 1.53 1.53 0.48 0.74 0.65 0.65 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -12.16
Bangladesh 0.61 0.81 0.80 0.80 1.35 1.30 1.29 1.29 0.82 1.05 1.03 1.03 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -1.90
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 1.62 2.27 2.05 2.05 1.71 1.89 2.00 2.00 2.78 4.30 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -4.65
Ukraine 1.04 1.23 1.50 1.50 2.91 2.85 2.87 2.87 3.02 3.50 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 0.80 22.86
Belarus 0.39 0.36 0.40 0.40 1.83 2.22 2.25 2.25 0.72 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 12.50
Kazakhstan 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.09 1.24 1.48 1.15 1.32 0.15 0.19 0.15 0.12 -0.03 -18.00 -0.07 -34.92
Australia 3.25 3.90 3.50 3.50 2.10 2.12 1.57 1.57 6.82 8.27 5.50 5.50 0.00 0.00 -2.77 -33.52
South America
Chile 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 3.86 3.79 3.82 3.82 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.02 16.00
Paraguay 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.07 1.36 1.77 1.50 1.50 0.06 0.12 0.06 0.11 0.04 66.67 -0.01 -8.70
Ethiopia 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.52 0.73 0.53 0.53 2.09 1.91 2.03 2.03 1.08 1.38 1.08 1.08 0.00 0.00 -0.30 -21.78

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 40 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 16 Copra, Palm Kernel, and Palm Oil Production

Production Change in Production

(Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MMT Percent MMT Percent

Oilseed, Copra
Philippines 2.60 2.60 2.70 2.70 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.85
Indonesia 1.68 1.68 1.69 1.69 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.60
India 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Vietnam 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Papua New Guinea 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sri Lanka 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Solomon Islands 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.03 0.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
World 6.07 6.03 6.05 6.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.33

Oilseed, Palm Kernel

Indonesia 11.20 12.00 12.00 12.20 0.20 1.67 0.20 1.67
Malaysia 4.45 4.49 4.70 4.70 0.00 0.00 0.21 4.68
Nigeria 0.90 0.90 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.20 22.22
Thailand 0.83 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Colombia 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.02 6.06
Guatemala 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Papua New Guinea 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 5.88
Honduras 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.01 6.67
Cameroon 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
World 19.14 20.07 20.51 20.71 0.20 0.98 0.64 3.19

Oil, Palm
Indonesia 42.00 46.50 47.00 47.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.08
Malaysia 18.15 18.39 19.00 19.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 3.32
Thailand 3.38 3.42 3.45 3.45 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.88
Colombia 1.76 1.80 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 5.56
Nigeria 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.10 7.14
Guatemala 0.88 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.10
Papua New Guinea 0.72 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.02 2.56
Cote d'Ivoire 0.58 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Honduras 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.75
World 72.96 78.06 79.46 79.46 0.00 0.00 1.40 1.79

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 41 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 17 Cotton Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Kilograms per hectare) (Million 480 lb. bales)
Country / Region
Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. Prel. 2023/24 Proj. From last month From last year
2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb 2021/22 2022/23 Jan Feb MBales Percent MBales Percent
World 32.28 31.70 31.63 31.69 772 798 779 775 114.49 116.26 113.18 112.82 -0.36 -0.31 -3.43 -2.95
United States 4.15 2.95 2.86 2.86 919 1,068 947 947 17.52 14.47 12.43 12.43 0.00 0.00 -2.03 -14.06
Total Foreign 28.13 28.75 28.77 28.83 751 771 762 758 96.96 101.79 100.75 100.39 -0.36 -0.35 -1.40 -1.37
none
South Asia
India 12.37 12.93 12.70 12.70 428 443 429 429 24.30 26.30 25.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 -1.30 -4.94
Pakistan 2.00 1.80 2.40 2.40 653 472 608 608 6.00 3.90 6.70 6.70 0.00 0.00 2.80 71.79
China 3.10 3.15 2.90 2.90 1,882 2,122 2,065 2,065 26.80 30.70 27.50 27.50 0.00 0.00 -3.20 -10.42
South America
Brazil 1.37 1.60 1.66 1.66 1,720 1,595 1,910 1,910 10.82 11.72 14.56 14.56 0.00 0.00 2.84 24.23
Argentina 0.48 0.51 0.56 0.56 658 495 661 661 1.45 1.17 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 0.54 45.92
Paraguay 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.06 527 890 855 812 0.05 0.18 0.28 0.21 -0.07 -25.45 0.02 11.41
Africa
Burkina Faso 0.60 0.62 0.49 0.54 351 273 311 313 0.96 0.78 0.70 0.77 0.07 10.00 -0.01 -0.65
Mali 0.72 0.60 0.70 0.71 432 269 389 399 1.43 0.74 1.25 1.30 0.05 4.00 0.57 76.87
Cote d'Ivoire 0.47 0.41 0.39 0.40 486 236 424 411 1.05 0.45 0.76 0.75 -0.02 -1.97 0.30 67.42
Benin 0.64 0.57 0.53 0.51 483 418 483 446 1.42 1.10 1.18 1.05 -0.13 -11.06 -0.06 -5.00
Egypt 0.09 0.14 0.11 0.11 717 661 693 693 0.28 0.43 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.08 -17.65
Cameroon 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.25 606 563 578 587 0.64 0.60 0.65 0.66 0.01 1.54 0.06 10.00
Tanzania 0.34 0.36 0.47 0.47 164 184 220 220 0.26 0.31 0.47 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.17 54.10
Nigeria 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 282 282 282 282 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Zimbabwe 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 191 195 195 195 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ethiopia 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 687 726 713 713 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Former Soviet Union - 12
Uzbekistan 1.03 1.05 1.03 1.03 606 684 613 613 2.87 3.30 2.90 2.90 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -12.12
Turkmenistan 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 356 356 356 356 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tajikistan 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 608 615 640 640 0.48 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.17
Kazakhstan 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.12 467 584 490 490 0.24 0.34 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -19.40
Middle East
Turkey 0.45 0.56 0.44 0.44 1,839 1,922 1,583 1,583 3.80 4.90 3.20 3.20 0.00 0.00 -1.70 -34.69
Syria 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1,132 1,132 1,132 1,132 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 871 871 762 762 0.40 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -12.50
Australia 0.64 0.65 0.47 0.52 2,006 1,943 2,388 2,029 5.85 5.80 5.10 4.80 -0.30 -5.88 -1.00 -17.24
Mexico 0.15 0.20 0.13 0.13 1,725 1,720 1,549 1,549 1.22 1.58 0.93 0.93 0.00 0.00 -0.66 -41.46
Burma 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 660 653 660 660 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.44
Others 1.76 1.65 1.80 1.79 549 582 503 512 4.42 4.41 4.17 4.20 0.03 0.72 -0.22 -4.96

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 42 February 2024

Global Market Analysis
 TABLE 18
The table below presents a record of the February projection and the final Estimate. Using world wheat production as an
example, the "root mean square error" means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current forecast will not be above or
below the final estimate by more than 0.6 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90% confidence level) that the difference will
not exceed 0.9 percent. The average difference between the February projection and the final estimate is 2.5 million tons,
ranging from 0 million to 7.3 million tons. The February projection has been below the estimate 32 times and above 10
times.
RELIABILITY OF PRODUCTION PROJECTIONS 1/
Difference between forecast and final estimate
90 percent
COMMODITY AND Root mean
confidence Years
REGION square error
interval Below Above
Average Smallest Largest final final

Percent ---Million metric tons---

WHEAT
World 0.6 0.9 2.5 0.0 7.3 32 10

U.S. 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 19 11

Foreign 0.6 1.1 2.5 0.0 7.3 32 10

COARSE GRAINS 2/
World 1.3 2.2 11.1 0.0 36.3 34 8

U.S. 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.8 18 11

Foreign 1.8 3.1 11.2 0.0 36.3 32 9

RICE (Milled)
World 1.5 2.6 4.5 0.1 14.0 33 9

1.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 12 6

U.S.
Foreign 1.6 2.6 4.5 0.1 14.0 33 9

SOYBEANS
World 2.7 4.5 4.6 0.4 15.3 23 19

U.S. 1.3 2.3 0.7 0.0 3.2 18 18

Foreign 4.5 7.6 4.6 0.3 14.9 25 17

COTTON ---Million 480-lb. bales---

World 2.4 4.0 1.8 0.0 5.4 30 12

U.S. 1.1 1.8 0.1 0.0 0.3 14 27

Foreign 2.8 4.8 1.8 0.1 5.7 30 12

UNITED STATES -------Million bushels-------

CORN 0.2 0.3 7 0 72 2 6

SORGHUM 0.1 0.2 0 0 4 0 2

BARLEY 0.9 1.6 1 0 11 21 4

OATS 0.4 0.7 0 0 2 5 4

1/ Marketing years 1981/82 through 2022/23 for grains, soybeans, and cotton. Final for grains, soybeans, and
cotton is defined as the first November estimate following the marketing year for 1981/82 through 2020/21,
and for 2022/23 the last month’s estimate.
2/ Includes corn, sorghum, barley, oats, rye, millet, and mixed grain
February 2024 Global Market Analysis, FAS, USDA

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 43 February 2024

Global Market Analysis