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Orthodox

The document outlines the two main classifications of Indian philosophy: Orthodox/Theist (Asthika), which accepts the Vedas and includes schools like Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta, and Heterodox/Atheist (Nasthika), which rejects the Vedas and includes Charvaka, Buddha, and Jain philosophies. Each school has distinct teachings and principles, such as Sankhya's focus on knowledge and self-realization, and Buddhism's path to Nirvana through ethical living. Jainism emphasizes liberation through Right Philosophy, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct, while Charvaka promotes materialism and joyful living.

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Nakshatra Patil
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52 views2 pages

Orthodox

The document outlines the two main classifications of Indian philosophy: Orthodox/Theist (Asthika), which accepts the Vedas and includes schools like Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta, and Heterodox/Atheist (Nasthika), which rejects the Vedas and includes Charvaka, Buddha, and Jain philosophies. Each school has distinct teachings and principles, such as Sankhya's focus on knowledge and self-realization, and Buddhism's path to Nirvana through ethical living. Jainism emphasizes liberation through Right Philosophy, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct, while Charvaka promotes materialism and joyful living.

Uploaded by

Nakshatra Patil
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Orthodox/ Theist:

The Indian schools of philosophy are mainly classified into two parts.
Orthodox/Theist (Asthika) is one of them. This school accepts the idea of Vedas.
The Orthodox system include the following schools: Mimamsa, Vedanta,
Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya and Vaisesika. The orthodox system can be further
classified into two types: Schools directly based on Vedic Texts and Schools
based on Independent grounds:
1)SANKHYA: Is the oldest philosophy. Sankhya means Knowledge. Founder was
Kapila. It emphasizes the attainment of knowledge of self by means of
concentration and meditation. It has two entities Purush(spirit) and
Prakriti(nature)in it.
2)YOGA: Is a method of physical and mental discipline. Founder was Patanjali.
Yoga presents a practical path for the realization of the self. Meditation is a part
of Yoga. Yoga is practiced and encouraged a lot in India nowadays.
3)NYAYA: It states that nothing is acceptable unless there is a scientific
approach (without reason or experience). Nyaya relies on pramanas. The
principles means (or Pradhan pramana) of obtaining knowledge pratyaksha
pramana.
4)VAISHESHIK: it was the physics of ancient times. It is a realistic and objective
philosophy of the universe.
5)MIMAMSA: It examines the teachings of the Veda. Mimamsa means to analyze
and understand thoroughly. It lays emphasis on the performance of the yagya
for attaining various spiritual and worldly benefits. EMPHASISING THE
RITUALISTIC ASPECT OF THE VEDAS
6)VEDANTA: It says that the world is unreal. It says that there is only one
reality, Brahman. It relies on the Upanishad part of the Vedas. EMPHASISING
THE SPECULATIVE ASPECT OF THE VEDAS.

Heterodox/ Atheist:
The Indian schools of philosophy are mainly classified into two parts.
Heterodox/Atheist (Nasthika) is one of them. This school rejects the idea of
Vedas. The Heterothodox system include the following schools: Charvaka,
Buddha and Jain.
1)CHARVAKA: It is characterized as a materialistic and aesthetic school of
thought. Founder was Charvaka. Insists on joyful living. Is an ancient school of
Indian materialism.
2)BUDDHA: It is system of beliefs based on the teachings of Siddhartha
Gautam. It’s philosophy of life to get Nirvana from suffering.
The eight principles of Buddhist : Right Faith, Right Resolve, Right Speech,
Right Action, Right Living, Right Thought, Right Concentration, Right Effort.
3)JAIN: Founder is Mahavira. According to Jainism Nirvana(liberation is obtained
through three principles: Right Philosophy, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct.
The three together are called Tri-Ratna. For right conduct following things
should be done: not to lie, not to steal, not to strive for luxury, not to strive for
possessions.

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