1.

ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE

Trend: Opinion:
➔ It is not uncommon that S-V. ➔ There is an opinion that S - V.
Paraphrase ➔ There is a growing trend towards N. ➔ There is a widely held view that S-V.
➔ There is a growing trend for sb to do sth. Xem thêm
INTRO ➔ [Somebody] have a tendency to V1 rather than V2.
(2 câu)
➔ In my opinion, the benefits/advantages of [noun] vastly outweigh its drawbacks/disadvantages.
Thesis ➔ Although this may have certain disadvantages , I believe the benefits are more significant.
statement ➔ Despite the potential drawbacks, I wholeheartedly believe that this is a very positive/welcome
development/trend.

Topic ➔ On the one hand, [noun] do/does have certain disadvantages.

sentence ➔ On the one hand, it is undeniable that [noun] is/are disadvantageous to some extent.
BODY ➔ Firstly / To begin with, S - V.
Idea 1
1
(2 câu) ➔ The first disadvantage is that S - V.
(-)
Idea 2 ➔ Secondly / In addition / Moreover, S - V.
(2 câu) ➔ The second disadvantage is that S - V.

Topic sen. On the other hand, I still believe that these downsides can be outweighed by the benefits.

BODY Idea 1 ➔ Firstly / To begin with, S - V.

2 (2 câu) ➔ The first benefit is that S - V.
(+)
Idea 2 ➔ Secondly / In addition / Moreover, S - V.
(2 câu) ➔ The second benefit is that S - V.

CONCLUSION ➔ In conclusion, despite certain disadvantages, I firmly believe that the positive aspects of [topic] are
of greater significance (= importance).
➔ In conclusion, for the reasons mentioned above, it is obvious to acknowledge the dominant
 Trend: Opinion:
➔ It is not uncommon that S-V. ➔ There is an opinion that S - V.
Paraphrase ➔ There is a growing trend towards N. ➔ There is a widely held view that S-V.
➔ There is a growing trend for sb to do sth. Xem thêm
INTRO ➔ [Somebody] have a tendency to V1 rather than V2.
(2 câu)
➔ In my opinion, the benefits/advantages of [noun] vastly outweigh its drawbacks/disadvantages.
Thesis ➔ Although this may have certain disadvantages , I believe the benefits are more significant.
statement ➔ Despite the potential drawbacks, I wholeheartedly believe that this is a very positive/welcome
development/trend.

benefits of this trend, but the drawbacks of [topic] should not be overlooked (= bỏ quên).

More and more people today want to own famous brands of clothes, cars and other items. What are the
reasons for this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

People increasingly want to buy branded merchandise: những sản phẩm từ các nhãn hàng có tên tuổi
such as clothes, cars or other items in today’s society. This trend is attributed to: đóng góp vào a host of: rất
nhiều reasons, and I am of the opinion that it exerts a lot of negative influence on: ảnh hưởng tác động đến
individuals as well as community.
Some reasons can shed light on = explain why people strive to own high-end items. Firstly, the
inclination towards famous brand names stems from the desire for social acceptance. Indeed, most upper-
class members generally opt for: lựa chọn a luxury lifestyle and show off expensive possessions in order to
gain respect from their community, which gives them a sense of satisfaction. In addition, people are
overwhelmed with a growing influence of social media whose aim is to make owning branded items an
irresistible trend. Consumers, therefore, find it challenging to ignore the temptation and the pressure to own
such products.
I personally believe that the consequences of this development are serious, making it a largely undesired
phenomenon. Initially, people are more likely to live in the so-called “materialistic culture”: đời sống thiên về
vật chất in which they link possession of newly-launched: vừa mới cho ra mắt products to happiness and
self-esteem: lòng tự trọng . When seeking happiness in this way, they tend to undervalue the importance of
other factors in life, resulting in the loss of important human values such as kindness and compassion: lòng
trắc ẩn. Secondly, alluring = tempting advertisements and glamorous > tempting celebrity endorsements:
the fact of a famous person appearing in an advertisement saying that they use and like a product could
push impressionable consumers to live beyond their means by overspending on unnecessary luxury items.
Thus, some might face financial problems and fall into unpayable debts in the long run, which poses a great
threat to buyers and society as a whole.
In conclusion, there is a strong link between buying coveted products and adverse implications for
consumers; thus, individuals should wisely consider before making a purchase.

Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children late in their life? Do you think the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?
There is a growing tendency that several young couples opt to = decide delay parenthood in today’s
society. Although this trend appears to be reasonable, I contend = to state as the truth; claim that the
downsides will be more significant.
Some reasons can be cited = to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something
has happened to explain the emergence of this issue. Firstly, only when procrastinating giving birth, will
young couples be able to build their own success with higher commitment. It is obvious that individuals can
do their utmost = to do something as well as you can by making a great effort to achieve their goal by not
splitting their time between working and bringing up their offspring = children, resulting in better salaries or
wages. Secondly, delaying childbearing enables young people to lengthen their time to get more done in the
early stage of life. For instance, this choice allows inhabitants = person/ people to pursue their interests and
hobbies, not to mention more spare time for traveling, which is conducive to: có lợi their mental
development.
As more people are hesitating about having children, both society and domestic life are subject to many
long-term consequences. Firstly, the increasing age of pregnancy usually entails = involve: liên quan higher
health risks for the mother as well as the baby, such as infant mortalities and miscarriages, which will
undoubtedly affect their family life. Secondly, the older parents are, the wider the gap between generations
will be. For example, by the time the late offspring are grown up, they might encounter difficulties adapting to
their parents’ obsolete = lỗi thời ways of life. Finally, the reduction in the rate of birth can lead to a shortage
of labor force nationwide, hindering = limit the development of the national economy.
In conclusion, for the reasons mentioned above, it is obvious to acknowledge the dominant drawbacks of
this trend, but the possible benefits of late completion of childbearing should not be overlooked.

Scientists say that in the future humanity will speak the same language. Do you think this is a positive or
negative social development?

It is generally believed that the world will adopt a sole language in the years to come. Although this
suggestion is not without disadvantages, I contend that the upsides = advantages will be more significant to
highlight.
On the one hand, the adoption of a universal language triggers adverse impacts on human beings. The
first prominent justification is that people are entitled to = are decided to choose language to communicate,
regardless of: bất chấp, bất kể cái gì the status of their literature. Indeed, people are more likely to use their
dialects: ngôn ngữ địa phương, tiếng vùng miền to express their country’s pride, or to deliver secret
information and precious values within their group of mother tongues. Secondly, language is deemed to be an
integral part of the culture, a symbol of the history and tradition of any nation. Thus, not only is preserving
languages equal to maintaining cultural diversity, but it is also a demonstration of patriotism: yêu nước of the
descendants by protecting the accumulated wisdom: trí tuệ được tích lũy of the ancestors.
On the other hand, the emergence of a global language benefits people as a whole. To begin with, a
common language facilitates international activities ranging from: trải dài từ education to social life since it
can bridge the gap: rút ngắn khoảng cách between diverse communities. One case in point is that
international students can gain a deep insight into: cái nhìn sâu sắc về the knowledge and lectures, or get
along well with global friends without any worry about language barriers and dissimilarities, which assures
their learning process. Secondly, it is not impossible for multinational businesses to reap the benefits of:
chiếm được lợi ích từ việc using a universal language during an industrialization era. In particular, bosses and
employees from different parts of the world can eliminate ambiguity: sự nhầm lẫn được tạo thành do từ vựng
hay câu đó có nhiều nghĩa or misunderstanding in interaction, allowing them to exchange information
effectively and increase their work productively.
In conclusion, for the reasons mentioned above, it is obvious to acknowledge the dominant benefits of
using a sole language, but the drawbacks of this trend should not be overlooked.

TASK 2: International travel has become more affordable and many countries are opening their doors to
increase the number of tourists. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?
 Traveling abroad is becoming more affordable than ever before, and many nations are implementing
new approaches to attract more tourists. Although there are still drawbacks of international travel, I think
its values are more significant.
On the one hand, the downsides of welcoming foreign visitors are varied. First, the local environment
can be adversely = harmfully affected due to facility and infrastructural development: sự phát triển cơ sở
hạ tầng. For example, in Vietnam, many tourism companies are permitted to chop down: chặt a great area
of forests to construct modern commodities such as hotels and golf courses, exerting dire = extreme,
serious consequences on natural habitats. As for the countries that play host to international tourists, the
rise in costs of living may put much pressure on: đặt nhiều gánh năng lên ai đó local people and be a
detriment = harm, damage to domestic travel: du lịch trong nước. This is because the growth in the
number of tourists from abroad would encourage costs of hotel rooms and other services to increase.
People in the neighborhood and domestic visitors would suffer in comparison: trải qua sự phân biệt .

On the other hand, I suppose the benefits of international travel would eclipse = outweigh those
analyzed disadvantages. First, the regional economy can enormously benefit: kiếm được lợi ích rất lớn from
the burgeoning = develop quickly tourism industry as more occupations = job will be created to
accommodate the needs of: thỏa mãn nhu cầu của tourists. Local people can have more job opportunities
in hotels or restaurants and therefore earn more money to improve their living standards. Second, the
increased number of foreign people coming to visit another country would evidently enhance tourism
industries, contributing greatly to the wealth of that country. If tourists enjoy their trips, they will
recommend the destination to their friends or perhaps they will come back in the future.
In conclusion, it appears to me that the merits = advantage of international tourism are more notable
than its drawbacks.
There are more workers working from home and more students studying from home. This is because
computer technology is more and more easily accessible and cheaper.

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

The increasing affordability of modern technologies such as computers and smartphones has facilitated
teleworking and virtual learning. As such, there has been a progressive increase in the number of remote
workers and learners in many parts of the world. While the shift towards working and studying from home
may cause some problems, the overall impact has been tremendously positive.
Admittedly, the drawbacks of remote working and learning are evident. As for the former, teleworkers
are more susceptible to psychological problems such as boredom and depression due to the lack of face-to-
face interaction with their colleagues. In addition, adults who opt for working from home for childcare
reasons tend to find it hard to concentrate on their work, hence lower productivity. Similar challenges are
found in internet-based learning. Without interacting with their peers, online learners often find that online
lessons lack the element of competition that traditional classes offer, and there is inevitably less direct
interaction between students and teachers. These factors may negatively affect students’ motivation to study
and their comprehension, leading to lower academic results.
Despite the negatives mentioned above, the benefits of the trend towards learning and working remotely
are more significant. On an individual level, while distant learners can study whenever and wherever is
convenient, teleworkers can still take care of their children or elderly members and earn money at the same
time. They also have complete freedom to design their learning and working environment to best suit their
personal preferences and needs, enhancing their productivity and creativity. On a business level, institutions
and companies allowing distant learning and remote working can reduce operation costs in the form of fewer
classrooms and offices, and lower electricity bills.
In conclusion, I believe that the advantages of the decision to study or work from home outweigh the
disadvantages. This is provided that virtual learners and teleworkers eliminate possible distractions at home
and socialize with their neighbors and friends so that their productivity and mental health are not affected.
Some people work for the same organization all their working life. Others think that it is better to work for
different organizations.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

Recently, the question of whether job hopping or staying the same cooperation is better has been
receiving a great deal of public attention. Although remaining in one company is not without advantages, the
former choice will be more significant.

It is not impossible for employees to reap benefits from working for one organization. Firstly,
individuals who dedicate their professional life for a sole corporation can potentially receive expected rewards
in the long run. Hence, this means that long-term employees with a wealth of knowledge accumulated
through years of working are able to satisfy the company’s needs, resulting in recognition and promotions,
not to mention a good retirement pension and healthcare benefit. Secondly, only when working in the same
industry, will workers have a stable life. To specify, there is no need for people to make the acquaintance of
new functions and tasks in an unfamiliar working environment, which can make an outstanding contribution
to their concentration on work.

Nevertheless, the merits of switching working environments outweigh its drawbacks. Not only can job-
hopping give people chances to be exposed to more people and innovations, but it also bolsters individuals’
development. Plenty of evidence suggests job hoppers consistently do their utmost to keep themselves
updated so that they can survive in a fierce labor market, which is conducive to the career path late on.
More importantly, workers who remain in one job for an extended period without gaining new
responsibilities may become complacent. It is true that tenure is great, but not at the expense of building a
more diverse skill set, or they may be beaten out and laid off by a young talented workforce; thus, people
should change jobs at least once to avoid being obsolete.

In conclusion, it is obvious to acknowledge the dominant benefits of adjusting to the workplace, but the
possible drawbacks of following the same industry should not be overlooked.

2. BOTH VIEWS
Paraphras ➔ Opinions are divided on whether [view 1] or [view 2].
e ➔ Recently, the question of whether [view 1] or [view 2] has been a topic of discussion.
INTRO
Thesis ➔ While many endorse the former opinion, I am still in favor of the latter. (be in favor of sth)
statement ➔ While reasons can be given to justify the former, I am still in favor of the latter.

On the one hand / Admittedly, (nhượng bộ)

➔ [the other view] is beneficial in some ways/to some extent. → Zoos are beneficial in
Topic
sentence some ways.
➔ it is justifiable for some to argue that [the other view].
BODY 1 ➔ those who believe that [the other view] may have several arguments.
(former)
➔ Firstly, S - V.
Idea 1
➔ The first reason for my argument is that S - V.

➔ Secondly, S - V.
Idea 2
➔ The second argument is that S - V.

BODY 2 Topic On the other hand/ Nevertheless/ However,

(latter) sentence ➔ I would argue that [S-V].
 ➔ I side with those who advocate that [S-V].
➔ I am more in favor of [N] because of its wider range of advantages.

➔ Firstly, S - V.
Idea 1
➔ The first reason for my argument is that S - V.

➔ Secondly, S - V.
Idea 2
➔ The second argument is that S - V.

➔ [Topic sentence Body 1]. [Topic sentence Body 2].

CONCLUSION ➔ In conclusion, although there are clear arguments supporting both views, I gravitate towards
[your view].
 3. CAUSE - EFFECT - SOLUTION
EFFECTS_SOLUTIONS CAUSES_SOLUTIONS CAUSES_EFFECTS

Para
Như phần “paraphrase” ở template “Advantage & Disadvantage”.
-phrase

INTRO This essay will discuss some This essay will discuss some
Thesis This essay will examine the
reasons why this has occurred reasons why this has occurred and
state consequences and provide several
and provide several solutions to examine the consequences of this
-ment solutions to this worrying trend.
this trend. trend.

➔ This problem has far-reaching

BODY 1 effects. Firstly, [...]. ➔ Some reasons can shed light on why [S-V].
(Topic sentence) ➔ There are many problems ➔ Juvenile crime is attributed to / stems from a number of reasons.
resulting from juvenile crime.

➔ However, several feasible solutions could be put forward to solve ➔ This problem has far-reaching
the problems mentioned above. effects.
BODY 2
➔ However, this problem can be mitigated, provided that some steps ➔ There are many problems
are taken. The first solution is that … resulting from [topic].

CONCLUSION In conclusion, this disturbing

(Nội dung → tóm In conclusion, the [...] has resulted In conclusion, the [...] has been problem is attributed to [...] and
tắt lại 2 causes / in [noun] and [noun], and we caused by [noun] and [noun], and [...], resulting in [...] and [...].
effects / should address this by [V-ing] and we should address this by [V-ing] (Society must ensure steps are
solutions đã nêu [V-ing]. and [V-ing]. taken to prevent this problem
→ N / V-ing) from deteriorating further.)
Prompt: [Opinion]. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
→ Agree (one side)
→ Disagree (one side)

→ Agree - disagree (both sides)

Every day, millions of tons of food are wasted all over the world. Why do you think is
happening? And how can we solve this problem? → reasons - solutions

It is not uncommon that people are more likely to waste food in today’s society. Although this problem
triggers = start several negative influences, identifying the reasons is key to finding the solutions.
Some compelling reasons can shed light on why a large amount of food is wasted every year. The first
prominent justification is that the more affluent: giàu có people become, the less they appreciate food
which is currently produced in a large scale: thước đo, số lượng due to the proliferation of technology: the
spread or dissemination of technology and intensive farming. In particular, individuals tend to have plenty
of dishes for parties or events, either at home or in the restaurants; as a result, leftovers are inevitable=
unable to avoid. Secondly, since most fresh food, such as meat and vegetables, are perishable: dễ hư hỏng,
they usually have expiry dates: ngày hết hạn. To specify, if people do not consume them quickly enough,
foods will expire and will no longer be edible, which would negatively be the springboard: bàn đạp for the
increase in food waste.

Nevertheless, some measures could be taken to mitigate this trend. Firstly, only when: chỉ khi nào
parents and schools lead by example: làm gương in rationing food: giới hạn số lượng thức ăn
appropriately, will younger generations properly appreciate the importance of food. Secondly, restaurants
should encourage customers to eat all of their ordered meals, or charge: đóng thêm tiền them for the food
waste that they create, especially at buffet restaurants. Finally, when food becomes inedible for humans,
they should be composted or used to feed livestock: gia súc. Not only does this method benefit the
agriculture industry, but it also helps to reduce landfilled the organic matter that poses a threat to: đưa ra
mối đe dọa cho the environment.
In conclusion, while people in some parts of the world are dying of hunger, the amount of food waste in
wealthy countries is becoming increasingly common. By applying some workable solutions, such as feeding
livestock or generating energy, the situation will be remedied.

Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not by local people. Why is this the
case and what can be done to attract more local people to visit these places?

It is not uncommon that local residents are less keen on visiting neighborhood museums and historical
sites than tourists. There are many reasons for this, but this situation should be addressed in some practical
ways.
The following reasons might shed light on why the local communities show no interest in museums or
heritage sites. The first prominent justification is that these sites are supposed to be monotonous, which
cannot trigger the locals’ curiosity, especially the young generation. Secondly, by recognizing that the
existence of historical museums is always in the vicinity, native individuals often take these places for granted
and procrastinate a visit. Finally, the locals are generally well-acquainted with their region’s historical relics,
and this results in them no longer being inclined to explore more. In particular, locals and students have been
told historical information, such as war relics and antiques in their schools or through mass media, which
discourages them from gaining a deep insight into these places.
 Nevertheless, a number of feasible solutions can be taken into account to reverse the problem. First, only
when museum-school collaborations become popular, will students be exposed to the accumulated wisdom of
their ancestors. To specify, compulsory trips to museums offer students a chance to explore an authentic
environment in person, and it is a world away from what they have learnt from books, which enhances their
awareness of national cultural values. Furthermore, in order to draw local people’s attention, the authorities
should change the appearance and approaches of these sites. If traditionally tedious presentations are
transformed into exciting games using 3D effects with some appealing prizes, these places may attract more
local visitors.
In conclusion, although the locals pay less attention to regional museums, this problem can be tackled if
the given measures are applied.
 4.1. AGREE & DISAGREE (ONE SIDE)
AGREE DISAGREE

➔ There is an opinion that S - V.

Paraphrase ➔ It is sometimes believed that S - V.
➔ Certain individuals are of the opinion that S - V.
INTR
O ➔ However, I entirely disagree with / argue
➔ I entirely/totally/completely agree/concur
Thesis against / oppose this view for several reasons.
with this view with the following explanation /
statement ➔ However, I totally find this view irrelevant and
for many reasons.
inapplicable for several reasons.

➔ One convincing reason is that S - V.

BODY 1
➔ The first reason in favor of my argument is that S - V.

➔ Another reason supporting my view is that S - V.

BODY 2
➔ Another reason worth mentioning is S - V.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, for the reasons mentioned above, I firmly hold the view that S - V.
 4.2. AGREE & DISAGREE (BOTH SIDES)
AGREE DISAGREE

Paraphrase ➔ There is an opinion that S - V.

lại quan ➔ It is sometimes believed that S - V.
điểm ➔ Certain individuals are of the opinion/belief that S - V.
INTRO
While I understand why some people oppose this
Thesis While this view is justifiable, I still
view, I still wholeheartedly agree/concur with it for
statement oppose/argue against it for some reasons.
some reasons.

Topic On the one hand, those who believe that [...] may have several arguments.
sentence → Đưa ra 1-2 lý do vì sao phản đối?

BODY 1 ➔ Firstly, S - V.
Idea 1
(disag…) ➔ The first reason for my argument is that

➔ Secondly, S - V.
Idea 2
➔ Another point to make is that S - V.

Topic On the other hand/ Nevertheless/ However, I would argue that [your view].
sentence → Đưa ra 1-2 lý do vì sao ủng hộ?

BODY 2 ➔ To begin with, S - V.

Idea 1
(agree) ➔ The first reason for my argument is that

➔ In addition, S - V.
Idea 2
➔ The second argument is that S - V.

In conclusion, it is understandable why [oppose].

CONCLUSION
However, I hold a belief that [agree].
In the modern world, it is no longer necessary to use animals as food or to use animal products for, for
example, clothing and medicines. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is generally believed that the consumption of animal-based products is no longer needed in today’s
society. Although the notion = idea of stopping slaughtering animals for clothing items and medicines is
justifiable, I am of the opinion that people still need food derived from animals.
On the one hand, despite the availability of plant-based foods, animal meat is irreplaceable. The first
justification is that meat is the main source of food supply for humans since plant-based diets cannot suffice
daily nutritional needs by offering protein, vitamins, and minerals that aid in body growth. Therefore, without
meat, people are more likely to experience vitamin deficiencies and suffer a decrease in brain volume,
fatigue, and confusion. Secondly, humans have been primarily meat-eaters for centuries, hence it would be
challenging to reverse their diets nor exclude them from their daily meals. This is also the case in which meat
is used as the main ingredient of many traditional foods such as Turkey wildly eaten on Christmas.
On the other hand, I would argue that using animals for clothing or medicines is deemed to be an
outdated and inhumane method, so humans should apply some alternative measures to fulfill their demands.
Thanks to the advent of technology, there are now similar man-made products from plants and artificial
materials that can meet people’s needs. The textile industry, for example, had made significant leaps, allowing
synthetic fabric such as polyester to be mass-produced to accommodate the ever-increasing demand for
fashion without having to kill animals. The same logic should be also applied to medicines derived from
animals due to the finding of herbal remedies. One case in point is the Chinese Lobelia herb which can be a
great source of alternative for bear bile for the treatment of liver diseases.
In conclusion, although people have been successful at neglecting animals for clothing or medicine,
there is still a long way to do the same in the case of food.
Some people think that the government should ban dangerous sports, while others think people should have
freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Recently, the question of whether the government should prohibit hazardous sports or let people play
them freely has been a topic of discussion. While some reasons can be given to justify the former, I contend
that the latter is much more preferable.
On the one hand, some reasons can be cited to explain why the states should impose an official ban on
such activities. The first prominent justification is that the inherently dangerous nature of adventurous sports
may put people’s lives in jeopardy. For example, those who do bungee jumping or go rock climbing are prone
to a great risk of bone fracture, head trauma, or even fatal accidents, which results in severe consequences for
their mental and physical health. Secondly, the popularity of some extreme sports can exert a great impact on
children’s behaviors. In particular, teenagers are more likely to imitate violent or offensive scenes after
excessive exposure to sports, such as kickboxing, which implies that their character becomes more aggressive
and, in turn, poses a significant threat to society.
On the other hand, I would argue that people should be at liberty to opt for their favorite sports. Firstly,
the fundamental purpose of such sports is to foster survival skills in people. For instance, pilots learn to
parachute so as to deal with plane crashes, or skiing is a technique to help inhabitants of the arctic climates
and regions move around, which demonstrates that these skills are vital to preserving human lives. Secondly,
due to the proliferation of protective equipment, injury rates have been falling considerably. It is evident that
if participants are well-trained and well-equipped, they can protect themselves from perilous situations,
undermining the adverse consequences when they are at great altitudes or in the deepest depths of the
oceans.
In conclusion, humans have the autonomy to take part in any recreational activity. By enacting some
strict regulations regarding the quality of safety equipment for companies and individuals who are responsible
for risky sports, the government can make the situation better.
COMPARISON
ONE SIDE BOTH SIDES

Câu 1: [Paraphrase đề → opinion]. Câu 1: [Paraphrase đề → opinion].

Câu 2 (Thesis statement): However, I totally Câu 2 (Thesis statement): While this view is
Introduction
disagree with this view for several reasons. justifiable, I still oppose it for some reasons.
→ Disagree > agree

[1st reason → disagree] Agree

- Topic sentence → Main idea - Topic sentence
Body 1 - Explain - Main idea
(1-2 ideas) - Explain → effect - Explain
- Example - Explain
- Example - Example

[2nd reason → disagree] Disagree

- Topic sentence → Main idea - Topic sentence
Body 2 - Explain - Idea 1
(1-2 ideas) - Explain → effect - Support
- Example - Idea 2
- Example - Support

So sánh - Số lượng câu/ý: 4-5 câu/ý - Số lượng câu/ý: ít nhất 2 câu/ý

- Support: Cách phát triển ý (Idea - Support: Cách phát triển ý (Idea
development) → dùng cả 3 development) → chọn 1 trong 3
+ Explain (general idea → + Explain (general idea →
explain) explain)
+ Effect (explain → explain) + Effect (explain → explain)
+ Example (explain → example) + Example (explain → example)
 SAMPLE
People think that countries should produce foods their population eats and import less food as much as possible. To what extent do
you agree or disagree? → produce > import

There is an opinion that nations should guarantee adequate supplies of all Câu 1: paraphrase lại đề bài.
types of food for their citizens while imposing restrictions on importing Câu 2: trả lời câu hỏi của đề → disagree >
activities. Although I understand the logic behind this suggestion, I still firmly agree
disagree with it for several reasons.

On the one hand, advocates of this policy may have several arguments. They AGREE (1 reason)
may well argue that the quality of imported food may not be guranteed, which Câu 1: Topic sentence → agree
potentially poses a significant threat to public health. This belief results from
Câu 2: Main idea (lý do vì sao agree)
the possibility that unsafe food which contains harmful bacteria and chemicals
⇒ Chất lượng thức ăn ko đảm bảo → sức khỏe
may be exported and penetrate the domestic market. For example, there have
recently been calls to boycott all Japanese seafood from Chinese authorities Câu 3: Explain
after the Fukushima power plant in Japan released radioactive wastewater in ⇒ Thức ăn → độc hại → thị trường trong nước
the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, in order to prevent entry of unqualified food and Câu 4: Example
protect consumer health, it is believed that countries should limit imported ⇒ NB xả nước thải → TQ tẩy chay hải sản
goods to the full extent and supply food to all their citizens instead. NB
Câu 5: Chốt lại example
⇒ Quay lại quan điểm ban đầu.

Nevertheless, I still oppose this view for several reasons. Chief among these is DISAGREE (2 reasons)
that not all countries have sufficient resources to guarantee food supply for all Câu 1: Topic sentence → disagree
populations. This can be seen in underdeveloped countries which lack
Câu 2: 1st reason
advanced technologies and sufficient government budgets to ensure large-
⇒ Nhiều QG không đủ nguồn lực để tự SX.
scale food production. Therefore, if these countries reduced their reliance on
imported food, their residents could experience hunger due to a lack of food Câu 3: Explain
supply. Another point to make is that import restrictions can render millions ⇒ Thiếu CN + ngân sách
of people unemployed. To specify, when food importation is severely Câu 4: Effect
restricted, a number of import-export companies have to be closed down, ⇒ Nếu giảm phụ thuộc → đói
meaning that employees in these organizations could be jobless, which places a Câu 5: 2nd reason
financial burden on their families. ⇒ thất nghiệp
Câu 6: Explain
⇒ giới hạn NK → thất nghiệp → gia đình

In conclusion, it is understandable why some people agree that a country Câu 1: agree
should be self-provided with its own food. However, I cannot support such a Câu 2: disagree
view given the reasons mentioned above.

PARAPHRASE
Nhận thấy khó khăn của các bạn trong việc paraphrase câu đầu phần mở bài, chị gợi ý cho các bạn một số cụm từ hữu ích để các
bạn đưa vào bài cho nhanh nhé.

Nếu đề đưa ra một xu hướng nói chung:

1. It is not uncommon that S-V.
2. There is a growing trend towards sth.
3. There is a growing trend for sb to do sth.
4. [Somebody] have a tendency to V1 rather than V2.

Nếu đề đưa ra một ý kiến: (Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Many people think that … ; Many people believe that … ; It is suggested that …)
1. There is an opinion that S - V.
2. There is a widely held view that S-V.
3. Many people are of the opinion/belief that S-V.
4. Many people hold the view that S-V.

Cách sử dụng như sau:

Bước 1: Các bạn đọc đề và xác định đề đang cho mình xu Bước 3: Sau đó các bạn chọn 1 trong 4 câu trên:
hướng hay ý kiến.
→ There is a growing trend for sb to do sth.
International travel is becoming cheaper than before, so more
and more countries open their doors to tourists. Do the Bước 4: Điền các thông tin còn thiếu
advantages outweigh the disadvantages? → There is a growing trend for more countries to open
their doors to tourists because international travel is
→ Đây là một xu hướng.
becoming cheaper than before.
Bước 2: Các bạn xem lại danh sách các mẫu câu có thể dùng ở
Bước 5: Thay đổi một số từ vựng hoặc cấu trúc câu.
phần Xu hướng:
1. It is not uncommon that S-V. → There is a growing trend for more countries to
2. There is a growing trend towards sth. open their doors to tourists because travelling overseas
3. There is a growing trend for sb to do sth. has become more affordable.
4. [Somebody] have a tendency to V1 rather than V2.

Một số ví dụ khác cho các bạn:

1. Nowadays, more and more people decide to have There is a growing trend for people to have children.
children in their life. Do you think the advantages There is a growing trend towards childbearing.
outweigh the disadvantages?

2. Some people do not go directly to college but travel or Some students have a tendency to take a gap year rather than
work for a short time. Do you think the advantages entering university directly.
outweigh the disadvantages?

3. It is suggested that everyone should have a car, a There is an opinion that every person should possess / own a
television and a fridge. Do the disadvantages of this car, a television and a refrigerator. → thay đổi từ vựng
development for society outweigh the advantages?
There is an opinion that cars, televisions and fridges should be
must-have items for everyone. → thay đổi ngữ pháp

Lưu ý: Các bạn không bắt buộc phải học thuộc từng mẫu câu bên trên. Trong quá trình giải đề, các bạn cứ áp dụng thử và tự
đánh giá. Mẫu câu nào các bạn tâm đắc thì hãy ghi nhớ. Nếu các mẫu câu trên không trên giúp các bạn paraphrase nhanh hơn,
hãy bỏ qua phần này và paraphrase theo cách mà các bạn cảm thấy thuận tiện nhất nhé (mà phải đúng ngữ pháp nha :D). Chúc
các bạn ôn tập tốt!
 IDEA DEVELOPMENT
Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down. Others however believe that zoos can
be useful in protecting wild animals. Discuss both opinions and give your own opinion.
1/ Explain
Câu 1: main
Migration → pollution
idea

Migration → too many people in an area → excessive amount of waste → if not treated
Câu 2: explain
properly → pollution

Migration → too many people in an area → increased demand for private vehicles → excessive
Câu 2: explain
carbon emission → air pollution → increased likelihood of respiratory diseases → … → …

2/ Effect (explain → 2 câu)

Câu 1: explain Migration → too many people in an area → increased demand for private vehicles

increased demand for private vehicles → excessive carbon emission → air pollution → increased
Câu 2: effect
likelihood of respiratory diseases

3/ Example
Câu 1: explain Migration to cities → state-of-the-art facilities → higher living standards

Ho Chi Minh CIty → entertainment facilities (cinemas, concert halls, stadium, etc.) → more
Câu 2: example
choices of recreational activities
 FROM THE OUTLINE TO AN ACTUAL SENTENCE
Ví dụ: unexpected situations (examples) → injuries

Dùng các liên từ thể hiện kết quả. Because of unexpected situations such as harsh weather or
Since / As / Because S1-V1, S2-V2. wild animal attacks, travellers may suffer from minor to severe
Because of / Due to / Owing to / As a result of N, S2-V2. injuries.

Travellers may suffer from minor to severe injuries as a result

of unexpected situations such as harsh weather or wild animal
attacks

Dùng các động từ thể hiện kết quả.

A dẫn đến B.
Unexpected situations such as harsh weather or wild animal
A + cause +B attacks may cause minor to severe injuries in travellers.
lead to
contribute to
be a contributing factor to
be a causative factor to
Unexpected situations such as harsh weather or wild animal
Sự việc A khiến ai phải làm gì. attacks may cause travellers to suffer from minor to severe
injuries.
A + cause + sb to do sth
lead
prompt

Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ. Another drawback is tourists’ encounter with unexpected
[Nguyên nhân], which [kết quả]. situations such as harsh weather or wild animal attacks,
resulting in minor to severe injuries.
 COHESIVE DEVICE
LINKING WORDS REFERENCING (refer)

On the one hand, this migration does have certain drawbacks.

Main idea 1: Firstly, To begin with, …
Câu 1: bắt Main idea 1: The first [ benefit / drawback / reason /
đầu nêu ý Main idea 2: Secondly, Besides, In addition, justification ] is that S-V.
Furthermore, Moreover, Also, S-V. Main idea 2: The second / Another [ benefit / drawback /
reason / justification ] is that S-V.

● This + V
Explain → To specify, In particular,
Lý do vì sao không nên cấm những trò chơi thể thao mạo
S-V.
hiểm:
Effects → As a result, Therefore,
Example: Nowadays, most extreme sports players are provided
Consequently, S-V.
with sufficient safety equipment and properly instructed. This
Câu 2: mở
Examples → For example, For allows them to enjoy a sense of adventure without worries
rộng instance, S-V. about injuries or death. (This thay thế cho cả câu trước.)
54
----- ● This/These/Such + N + V
COHESIVE
DEVICE Example: Nowadays, most extreme sports Example: Most people use cars and motorbikes to commute.
(Practice) players are provided with sufficient safety These private vehicles release(s) a great amount of carbon
equipment and properly instructed. dioxide and therefore pollute the environment.
Therefore, they can enjoy a sense of
adventure without worries about injuries or Example: Over the past few years, many Vietnamese schools
death. have offered online classes for students in addition to
traditional classrooms. This trend / This new study
S-V, so S-V. → câu ghép approach allows students, even those who live in remote
areas, to gain access to education.