• Fixed Window
• Token Bucket

• Uses Redis for state storage.
• Focuses on core logic and correctness, not concurrency.
• Timestamps stored in seconds for persistence efficiency.

• Not atomic under high concurrency (will be handled in Phase 2 with Lua scripts).
• No distributed coordination across nodes yet.
• Minimal error handling and monitoring.
• Single-node Redis: no replication or failover.
• Rules are loaded in memory; -Token bucket timestamps use Instant.now().toEpochMilli(), which can cause inconsistencies in distributed setups.

Phase 2 will add:

• Atomic Redis operations via Lua scripts.
• Concurrency safety.
• Metrics and logging.

Phase 1 BOE Summary