Tense
Tense
Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense
Past Indefinite Future Indefinite
Present Indefinite
tense tense
tense
Present Continuous Past Continuous Future continuous
tense tense tense
Present Perfect tense Past Perfect Future Perfect tense
tense
Present Perfect Future Prefect
continuous tense Past Prefect
continuous tense
continuous tense
1. Present Indefinite Tense
Affirmative sentence:- Sub+V1/s, es+ obj
Negative sentence:- Sub+ do/does + not + V1+ Obj
Interrogative sentence:- Yes/No:- Do/does+ sub + V1 + Obj?
WH Question:- WH word+Do/does + sub+ V1+Obj?
Interrogative sentence:- Do/Does+ sub+not+V1+Obj?
Or
Don’t/Doesn’t + sub+ V1+ Obj?
Eg:- He goes to temple daily.
He does not go to temple daily.
Does he go to temple daily?
When does he go to temple daily?
Does he not go to temple daily?
Doesn’t he go to temple daily?
Note:- I/you/we/they →V1/Do
He/ she/ It/ Name →V(s,es), Does
2. Past Indefinite Tense
Affirmative sentence:- Sub+V2+Obj
Negative sentence- sub+ did+ not+ (didn’t) + V1 + Obj
Interrogative sentence:- Did + Sub + V1+ Obj?
WH word + Did + sub + v1 + Obj?
Interronegative sentence:- Did+ sub+not+ V1 + Obj?
Or
Didn’t + sub + V1 +Obj
Ex :- She left for Mumbai last night
She didn’t leave for Mumbai last night
Did she leave for Mumbai last night?
Why did she leave for Mumbai last night?
Didn’t she leave for Mumbai last night ?
Note :
(i) word Past Indefinite tense use Yesterday,
ago, last week, last month, last year, …etc
Eg:- She has come here yesterday(X)
She came here yesterday (√)
(ii) sentence “It’s time’, It’s high time subject
use subject verb 2ndform use
Eg:- It’s time we went there
eg- It’s high time you worked hard.
3. Future Indefinite Tense:-
Affirmative sentence:- Sub + will/shall + V1 + obj
Negative sentence:- sub + will/shall + not + V1 + Obj
Interrogative:- will/shall + sub + V1 + obj?
WH word + will/ shall + sub+ V1 + obj?
Interronegative:- won’t/ Shan’t + sub + V1 + obj?
I, We, →Shall
He ,She ,It ,Name, you, they →will
Rule- 1 words “Indefinite tense” use Daily,
everyday, always, regularly , usually, generally, on + day ( On Monday)
…..etc
Eg:- I get up daily at 5 Am.
She will come to meet me on Friday
Rule- 2 Daily routine, regular actions, Habits, and universal truth
“Indefinite Tense use
Eg;- The sun rises in the east.
Mohan wakes up daily in the morning.
Mohan smokes
Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense :-
Aff :- Sub+is/am/are+Ving+obj
Neg :- Sub +isn’t /aren’t/amnot +Ving+obj
Intro :- Is/am/are+Sub+Ving+Obj?
Wh word+Is/am/are+sub+Ving+Obj?
Interroneg :- Is/am/are+Sub+not+Ving+Obj?
0r
Isn't/aren’t+Sub+not+Ving+Obj?
IS – He/she/It/Name
AM – I
ARE – You, we, they
Note :- sentence now, these days, at present ,At this moment
Present Cont. Tense
I am reading newspaper now.
They are preparing for exam these days.
Past Continuous Tense
Aff :- Sub+was/were+ving+obj
Neg :- Sub+wasn’t/weren't+ving+obj
Intro :- Was/were+Sub+Ving+Obj?
WH word+was/were+sub+ving+Obj?
Introneg – Was/were+Sub+not+Ving+Obj?
OR
Wasn’t/weren’t+Sub+Ving+Obj?
Was – I/He/She/It/Name
Were – You/we/they
Note : “Then” ,“Those days past continuous Tense use
Eg. Mohan and I were playing chess those days .
He was coming to meet me then.
Future Continuous Tense
Aff :- Sub+will be/shall be+Ving+Obj
Neg :- Sub+will not be/shall not be+Ving+Obj
Intro :- Will/shall+sub+be+ving+obj?
WH word+will/shall+sub+be+ving+obj?
Introneg :- Will/shall+sub+not+be+Ving+obj?
OR
Won’t/shan’t+sub+be+ving+obj?
Eg – He will be doing homework
We shall be working hard
Note:- Verbs use normally continuous Tense
see, look, appear, taste, smell, hear, prefer, think, know, own, belong, have,
contain, Believe, like, like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, agree, trust, become ...
etc
Eg – I am having a car ×
I have a car
Eg – They were seeing me eating pizza ×
They saw me eating pizza
Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Aff :- Sub+ has/have+v3+obj
Neg :- Sub+hasn’t/haven’t+V3+Obj
Interro :- Has/Have+Sub+V3+Obj?
WH word+Has/Have+Sub+V3+Obj?
Interroneg :- Has/Have+ Sub+ not+ V3+Obj?
OR
Hasn’t/haven’t+sub+V3+Obj?
Eg – He has worked hard to achieve his goals.
Has – He/she/It/Name
Have- I/You/we/they
Past perfect Tense
Aff- Sub+had+V3+Obj
Neg :- Sub+hadn’t+V3+Obj
Interro :- Had+Sub+V3+Obj?
WH word+Had+Sub+V3+Obj?
Interroneg :- Had+sub+not+V3+Obj?
Or
Hadn’t+Sub+V3+Obj?
Eg – Mohini had played well
Future Perfect Tense
Aff :- Sub+will/shall+have+V3+Obj
Neg :- Sub+Will/shall+Not+Have+V3+Obj
Interro :- Will/shall+sub+have+v3+obj?
WH word+will/shall+sub+have+v3+obj?
Interroneg:- :- Will/shall+sub+not+have+v3+obj?
Or
Won’t/shan’t+sub+have+V3+Obj?
Eg – The will have gone to Shimla
Rule 1 – Yet, sofar , Recently, lately, oflate, already, Just, By+day (By
Monday) Perfect Tense
Eg- I am already eating food ×
I have already eaten food
Rule 2 :- “Yet” Present Perfect tense Negative Interrogative
sentence
Eg – Kelvin hasn’t registered for class yet.
Has She emailed you yet?
Rule 3 – By the time, Present indefinite, Future perfect
Eg – By the time he reaches the station, the train will have left.
- By the time, Past Indefinite, Past Perfect
Eg – By the time he reached the station, the train had left
Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Aff:- Sub+Has/have+been+ving+Obj+ Since/for+time
Neg :- Sub+Has/have+not+been+ving+ Obj+ Since/for+time
Interro :- Has/have+sub+been+Ving+ Obj+ Since/for+time?
WH word+has/have+sub+been+ving+obj+Since/for+time?
Interroneg :- Has/have+sub+not+been+ving+obj+Since/for+time?
Eg – I have been living in India for 5 years.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aff :- Sub+ had+been+ving+obj+since/for+time
Neg :- Sub+had+not (hadn’t)+been+Ving+Obj+since/for+time
Interrog :- Had+sub+been+Ving+Obj+since/for+time?
WH word+ Had+sub+been+Ving+Obj+since/for+time?
Interroneg :- Hadn’t+sub+been+Ving+obj+since/for+time?
Eg ; She had been teaching them since 7 O,clock
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Aff :- Sub+will/shall+have+been+ving+obj+since/for+time
Neg:- Sub+will/shall+not+have+been+ving+obj+since/for+time
Interr :- Will/shall+sub+have+been+ving+obj+since/for+time?
WH Word+will/shall+sub+have+been+Ving +obj+since/for+time?
Interroneg :- Will/shall+sub+not+have+been+ving+obj+since/for+time?
Ramu will have been doing his homework for 2 hours.
For : Period for Time
Eg For 2 years For last 2 years
For 2 months For last 2 months
For 2 weeks For last 2 weeks
For 2 hours For last 2 hours
Since :- Point of time(exact time)
Calendar Day – Monday, Tuesday .....
Date – 31st July, 7th May .....
Year – 2018, 2019 .....
Month – July, August ....
Occasions – Holi, Diwali.....
Clock 7 O’Clock , PM/AM
Stages of life Childhood, Teenage ....
Part of the day Morning, Evening, last night ….
Eg – Sita will have been singing a song since childhood.
Rule – Since “ Simple Past” Since
“Present Perfect”
Eg – I haven’t met him since he returned from Delhi
Eg – Since he Joined our Company he hasn’t worked at night.
Practice questions
1. My mother _______ from service 3 9. I _______ him last year with his wife.
years ago a) See b) Saw
a) Retiring b) Retire c) Seen d) Was seeing
c) Retires d) Retired
10. There _______ many objections to the
2. Did he tell you why he _______ come new bill.
yesterday? a) is b) are
a) hasn’t b) haven’t c) has d) have
c) hadn’t d) won’t
11. During autumn dry red leaves
3. He _______ many friends here _______ from the trees and _______ the
a) is having b) was having ground below.
c) has d) have a) was falling, was littered
b) will fell, littered
4. Trust me, I _______ whatever you c) Falling, littering
have said. d) fall, litter
a) believe b) believes
c) am believing d) believing 12. My sister has offered to _______ my
pet dog while we are away on a holiday.
5. They _______ chess when I went to see a) look into b) look through
them c) look after d) look at
a) playing b) played
c) were playing d) was playing 13. Please do not disturb me while I
_______ my home work.
6. These grapes _______ sour a) done b) am doing
a) is tasting b) was tasting c) am do d) doing
c) taste d) tastes
14. He _______ to a well to do family and
7. Mahendra _______ playing has an expensive motor bike.
badminton now. a) belongs b) is belonging
a) is b) was c) was belonging
c) has d) will be d) has been belonging
8. This box _______ 5 Kg of apple 15. He _______ his PAN card right inside
a) contain b) Contains the drawer, where he _______ it
c) is containing d) was containing a) is finding, is kept
b) found, had kept
c) will found, will keep
d) finding, keeping
Answer Key
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C
6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B
11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B
