Tenses

Simple Sentence

Subject + Verb + Object

Subject: A person or thing that carry out action.

For example: we, he, she,it etc.

Verb: The verb is action or the work that a person

For example: go, write, eat etc.

do.

Object: The person or thing that receives the action of verb.

For example: you brush your hair. In this sentence hair is object.

Examples

Subject Verb Object

You Go To school

They Grow Plant

Types of tenses

1. Present tense (that is happening right now.)

2. Past tense ( that has happened in the past)

Future tense (that has not happened yet but will happen in future )
 PRESENT. TENSE

Present tense has following types;

1. Present simple tense

2. Present continuous tense

3. Present perfect tense

4. Present perfect continuous tense

*( Present Simple Tense )*

Structure

Subject + Verb (first form) + Object

You. + write. + letter

‫ اتی ہے یا آت ہیں' آتا ہے۔‬. ‫ جمل ک آخرمیں اتا ہے‬:‫اردو میں پچان‬

Rules:

1. Always use first form of verb.

2. When the subject is a single person or thing we always use "s" or "es"
with the verb but if the subject is plural we do not use these.

3. This type of tense do not have its own helping verb so use "do"
or "does" with not to make negative tense.
4. While making interrogative tense we put "do" or "does" at start
of tense and put question mark (?) at end.
5. "Do" is use with plural subject while "Does" is use with singular
subject.
6. In case of singular subject (He, She, it or any single person)
when we use does in the sentence then we remove "s" or "es" from verb.

7. Although "I" and "you" are singular subjects but the rules of
 plural subjects are applied on them i.e. we do not use "s" or "es" with their
verbs.

EXAMPLES

1. I go to school.
2. She/He writes a letter.
3. They go for walk daily.

Negative of simple present tense

Subject. + do not / does not + verb + Object

1. I do not go to school.
2. He/She does not write a letter.
3. They do not go for walk daily.

Interrogative of simple present tense

Do/Does + subject + verb + Object

1.Do I go to school?

2.Does he/she write a letter?

3.Do they go for walk daily?

 *( Present Continuous Tense)*

Subject + helping verb (is, am, are) + present participle

(verb +ing) + Object

‫ جمل ک آخرمیں " رہا ہ ے " "ربی ب" ی ا "ر ہیہے ں " آتا‬: ‫اردو میں پچان‬
‫ہے۔‬

Rules:

1. Always use first form of verb + ing. i.e. running, writing.

2. Helping verb used are is, am, are.
3. "is" is used with singular subjects.
4. "are" is used with plural subjects. 5. "am" is
used with "I".

6. In order to make negative sentence we just write "not"

after helping verb.
7. When we have to make interrogative sentence we write
helping verb at the start of sentence and then write rest of tense.

8. "You" is although a singular subject but rules of plural

subjects are applied on it.

EXAMPLES

1. My mom is cooking dinner.

2. I am watching a movie.
3. You are playing football.
 4. They are going to park.

Negative of present continuous tense

Subject + helping verb+ not + present participle + object

1. I am not watching movie.

2. You are not playing football

3. They are not going to park.

Interrogative of present continuous

tense

Helping verb + subject + present participle + object

1. Are they going to park?

2. Are you playing football?

3. Is she writing a letter?

* (Present Perfect tense )*

Structure:

Subject + helping verb (has,have) +Verb(3 form) +

Object
 He + Has + Written + Letter.

" ، " ‫ "چ کی ہ ے‬، " ‫ ج م ل ےکےآخرمیں " چ کا ہ ے‬: ‫اردو میں پ ہچ ا ن‬
‫چکے ہیں آتا ہے۔‬

Rules:

1. Always use 3 form of verb.

2. Helping verb used are "has" and "have".
3. "Has" is used with singular subjects while "Have" is
used with plural subjects.
4. While making negative sentence write "not" after
helping verb.

5. In order to make interrogative sentence write helping verb at

the start of tense and then write the rest of tense.
6. Although "I" and "you" are singular subjects but the rules of plural
subjects are applied on them.

EXAMPLES

1. You have finished your work.

2. He has read his favorite book.

3. The guests have arrived.

Negative of present perfect tense

Subject + helping verb + not + verb+ object

 1. You have not finished your work.

2. He has not read his favorite book

3. The guests have not arrived.

Interrogative of present perfect tense

Helping verb + subject + verb + object

1.Have you finished your work?

2. Has he read his favorite book?

3. Have the guests arrived ?

*( Present Perfect continuous Tense )*

Structure:

Subject + helping verb ( has been / have been ) +

present participle (verb + ing) + object

He. + has been working + as a doctor for two years.

Difference between present perfect and present perfect

continuous tense

1. Present perfect tense tell about action that have

started and completed in recent past
While

Present perfect continuous tense tells about action that

started in recent past and is still continuing at
the time.

Rules:

1. The helping verb use in this tense are "has been" and "
have been".
2. “ Has been” is use with singular subjects and "have been”
is use with plural subjects.
3. Present participle (verb 1 form + ing ) form is used.
4. Since and for is also used.

EXAMPLES

1. Aslam has been playing cricket since 4'o clock.

 2. It has been raining since evening.
3. The students have been working hard for four months.

bjb" :
، ‫ " تی ربی ب "ے‬، "‫ ج م ل ےکے آ خ ر میں " تا ربا ہے‬: ‫اردو میں پ ہچ ا ن‬
‫تے رہے ہیں آ ت اہے۔‬

Negative of present perfect continuous tense

Subject + has/ have+not+ been + present participle

+ object

1. Aslam has not been playing cricket since 4'o clock.

2. It has not been raining since evening.
3. The students have not been working hard for four months.

Interrogative of present perfect continuous tense

Has/ Have + subject + been + present participle + object

1.Has Aslam been playing cricket since 4'o clock?

2.Has it been raining since evening?
 3.Have students been working hard for four months?

Past Tense
Past tense has following types:
1. Past simple tense
2. Past continuous tense
3. Past perfect tense
4. Past perfect continuous tense

*(Past Simple Tense)*

Structure:

Subject + Verb (2 form). + Object

You. +. Wrote.
+ letter.

‫آتا ہے۔‬ ‫ " ت تھ‬. "‫ " تیتھی‬. " ‫اردو میںپہ چانجملےکےآخرمیں " تا تها‬

Rules:

Interrogative of past simple tense

Did+ subject + verb (1 form) + Object

 1. Did I go to school?
2. Did he / she write a letter?

3. Did you play cricket?

*(Past Continuous Tense)*

Subject + helping verb (was,were)+ participle form+

object
You + were + preparing + for exams

‫تھ آتا‬ ‫ رہے‬، ‫ رہی تھی‬، ‫ جملےکےآخرمیں رہا تھا‬:‫اردو میںپہ چان‬
‫ہے۔‬

Rules:

1. The helping verb used in this tense are was and were. 2.
Was is used for singular subjects and were is used for
plural subjects.
3. To make negative sentence use "not" after helping verb
(was/were).
4. To make interrogative just write helping verb at the start of
tense and then write the rest of sentence.

5. "You" is although a singular subject but we use helping

 verb "were" for it.

1. Always use 2 form of verb.

2. As this tense do not have its own helping verb therefore
we use "did" to make negative and interrogative tense. 3. To
make negative tense we write "do not" after subject and in
order to make interrogative we just write "did" at the start of
tense.

4. While making negative and interrogative tenses when we

use "did" in the sentence then change the second form of verb
into first form of verb.
5. No difference for singular and plural subjects. Same
helping verb "did" is used for all.

EXAMPLES

1. I went to school.

2. He/ She wrote a letter.

3. You played cricket.

Negative of past simple tense

Subject + did not + verb(1 form) + object

1.I did not go to school.

 2. He/ She did not write a letter.
3. You did not play cricket.

EXAMPLES

1. It was raining.
2. We were running in the playground. 3.
The sun was shining.

Negative of past continuous

tense

Subject + was / were + not + participle +

object

1. It was not raining.

2. We were not running in the playground. 3.
The sun was not shining.

Interrogative of past continuous

tense

Was/ were + subject + participle +

object

1. Was it raining?
2. Were we running in the playground?
 3. Was the sun shining?

*(Past perfect tense )*

Structure:

Subject + helping verb (had) + verb (3 form) + object

He + Had + Completed + All His Work

"‫ "چکے تھے‬. "‫" " چکی تھی‬. ‫ جملے کے آ خ رمیں " چ کا ت ھ ا‬: ‫اردو میں پہچان‬
‫آتا ہے‬.

Rules:

1. Always use third form of verb.

2. Same helping verb "had" is use with all singular or plural
subjects.

3. To make negative sentence write "not" after helping verb

"had".

4. In order to make interrogative write helping verb "had" at

the start of sentence and then write rest of tense.

EXAMPLES

1. They had eaten mangoes.

2. We had watched that movie.

3. You had spoken the truth.

Negative of Past perfect tense

Subject + had + not + verb (3 form) + object

1.They had not eaten mangoes.

2.We had not watched that movie.

3. You had not spoken the truth.

Interrogative of Past perfect

tense

Had + subject + verb (3 form) + object

1. Had they eaten mangoes?

2.Had we watched that movie?

3. Had you spoken the truth?

*(Past perfect continuous tense )*

Structure:
 Subject + had+ been + participle (1 form+ ing) + object

She. + had + been + dancing + for over an hour.

‫ تے‬. "‫ " تی رہی تھی‬. " ‫ جملے کے آخر میں "تا رہا تھا‬: ‫اردو میں پہچان‬
‫رہے تھے " آتا ہے‬

Rules:

1. In this tense "had been" is used as helping verb with all

singular and plural subjects.
2. Present participle form which is also known as fourth form
of verb is used in this tense
3. Since / for is used in these tenses to tell about the time of
happening of event.

4. To make negative tense "not" is used after "had" and then

write rest of tense.
5. To make interrogative tense write "had" at the start of
tense and then write the rest of tense.

EXAMPLES

1.You had been waiting long before the taxi arrived.

2.It had been raining hard for several hours
3.She had been sleeping.

Negative of past perfect continuous tense

Subject + had+ not + been + participle + object

1. You had not been waiting long before the taxi

arrived.
2. It had not been raining hard for several hours.
3. She had not been sleeping.

Interrogative of past perfect continuous tense

Had+ subject + been + participle + object

1. Had you been waiting long before the taxi

arrived?

2. Had it been raining hard for several hours?

3. Had she been sleeping?

Future Tense

Future tense has following types:

 1. Future Simple tense
2. Future continuous tense

3. Future perfect tense

4. Future perfect continuous tense

"(Future Simple Tense)"

Structure:

Subject + helping verb (will / Shall ) + 1 form of verb + object

Ali + will + walk + to school tomorrow

‫ گے آتا ہے‬،‫ گی‬، ‫ جملے کے آخر میں گا‬: ‫اردو میں پہچان‬.

Rules:

1. The helping verb "shall" is just used for "I" and "we" for rest
of subjects we use "shall". But according to latest modification
in rules we use "will" with all singular and plural subjects.
2. First form of verb is use in this tense.
3. To make negative tense write "not" after helping verb will.

4. To make interrogative write "will" at the start of tense and

put question mark (?) at the end of tense.
EXAMPLES

1. I will go to school tomorrow.

 2. He will finish the project by Friday.
3. They will arrive at noon.

Negative of Future simple tense

Subject + Will/ Shall+ verb (1 form) +

object

1. I will not go to school tomorrow.

2. He will not finish the project by Friday.
3. They will not arrive at noon.

Interrogative of Future simple tense

Will/Shall + subject + verb(1 form) + object1.

1. Will I go to school tomorrow?

2. Will he finish the project by Friday?

3. Will they arrive at noon?

*(Future continuous Tense)*

Structure:
Subject + will be + present participle (verb 1 form+ ing)
+object

He. +. Will be. + writing + a

letter

Rules:

1. The helping verb "will be" is use in this tense with all
singular and plural subjects.
2. To make negative just write "not" after will in this tense.
3. To make interrogative just write "will" at the start of
tense.

‫ رہے ہوں گے‬،‫ ریوگی‬، ‫ جملے کے آخر میں رہا وگا‬:‫اردو میں پہچان‬

EXAMPLES

1.I will be helping my mother to make breakfast.

2. She will be taking her dog for a walk.
3. You will be working tomorrow.

Negative of present continuous tense

 Subject + will + not + be + participle + object

1. I will not be helping my mother to make breakfast.

2. She will not be taking her dog for a walk.
3. You will not be working tomorrow

Interrogative of present continuous tense

1. Will I be helping my mother to make breakfast?

2. Will she be taking her dog for a walk?
3. Will you be working tomorrow?

*(Future perfect tense )*

Subject + will have + verb (3 form) + object

He. + Will have. +. Arrived.

Rules:

1. Helping verb " will have" is use with all singular and
plural subjects.
2. Always use 3 form of verb after have.
 3. To make negative tense use "not" after will in the
tense
4. To make interrogative write "will" at the start of tense
and put question mark at the end.

‫ چکی ہو گی اتا‬، ‫ جملے کے آخر میں چکا ہو گا‬: ‫اردو میں پہچا ن‬
‫ہے‬.
EXAMPLES

1. I will have finished this book.

2. They will have enjoyed the party.
3. He will have gone to college.

Negative of future perfect tense

Subject + will+ not+ have + 3 form of verb + object

1. I will not have finished this book.

2. They will not have enjoyed the party.
3. He will not have gone to college.

Interrogative of future perfect tense

 Will + subject + have + 3 form of verb+ object

1. Will I have finished this book?

2. Will they have enjoyed the party?
3. Will he have gone to college?

*(Future perfect continuous tense)*

Structure:

Subject + will have been + participle + object( rest of

sentence)

Sam +. Will have been + working + on this project.

Rules:

1. Helping verb " will have been" is use with all singular
and plural subjects.
2. Always use present participle form in the tense.
3. To make negative write "not" after will in the tense.
4. To make interrogative write "will" at the start of tense.

EXAMPLES

1. She will have been shopping for the whole day.

2. We will have been working on this project since 3
 January.
3. They will have been studying seriously for 2 hours.

Negative of future perfect continuous tense

Subject + will + not + have been+ participle + object

1. She will not have been shopping for whole day.

2. We will not have been working on this project since 3
January.
3. They will not have been studying seriously for 2 hours.

Interrogative of Future perfect continuous tense

Will+ subject+ have been+ participle + object

1. Will she have been shopping for the whole day?

2. Will we have been working on this project since 3
January?
3. Will they have been studying seriously for 2 hours?