English by Shau Rawat

Tense
English by Shau Rawat

Tense = Time + Action

• इस प्रकार काल (Tense) के तीन प्रकार (Types) होते हैं :

• वततमान भववष्य
भूतकाल
काल काल
(Past
(Present (Future Tense)
Tense) Tense)
• अंग्रेजी में प्रत्येक काल (Tense) को चार उप भागों में ववभािजत करते हैं :
• सामान्य काल
(Simple Tense)
• अपूर्त काल
(Continuous Tense)
• पूर्त काल
(Perfect Tense)
• पूर्त ननरन्तर काल
(Perfect Continuous Tense)
Present
Simple
Simple Present / Present Indefinite
Tense
• सामान्य वततमान काल का प्रयोग ननयनमत क्रिया (Regular
action), अननयनमत क्रियाएं (Irregular action), आदत (Habits) बताने
वाले वाक्यों में क्रकया जाता है ।
• Here the work goes on daily basis as a routine .
 Simple
Present
Tense

facts/routine
Fixed
Permanent
Plan
Actions

Universal
proverb
truth
Structure : Present Indefinite Tense
• Singular Subject + (Verb + s/es) + object.
• Subject+ do/does + not + Verb + object.
• Do/does +Subject + Verb + object ?
• Question Word + do/does + Subject +Verb +
object ?
Use – 1st
Regular action (ननयनमत क्रिया)
I play tennis every Tuesday.
(मैं हर मंगलवार को टे ननस खेलता हूं।)
Use – 2nd
• Habits (आदतें)
• I always get up at 6:00
A.M.
(मैं हमेशा सुबह 6:00 बजे
उठता हूं।)
 Use – 3rd
• Universal truth (सावतभौनमक सत्य)
• The earth goes around the sun.
(पृथ्वी सूयत के चारों ओर घूमती है ।)
Use – 4th
• News headlines (समाचार
शीर्तक)
• PM signs the deal on Monday.
पीएम ने सोमवार को समझौते पर
हस्ताक्षर क्रकए।
Use – 5th

• Planned work (ननयोिजत कायत)

• My train leaves at 5:30 P.M.
(मेरी ट्रे न शाम 5:30 बजे रवाना होती है )
 Use – 6th

• इसके अनतररक्त सामान्य वततमान काल का

प्रयोग सामान्य तथ्य (General Facts) या सत्य
कथन (True Statements) को बताने वाले वाक्यों में
क्रकया जाता है । जैसे-
Examples :
• पृथ्वी गोल है ।
The earth is round. [General Facts]
• महासागर गहरे और ठं डे हैं ।
The oceans are deep and cold.
• पौधे नमट्टी में उगते हैं ।
Plants grow in soil.
Note:
• अपवाद(Exception): साधारर् वततमान काल (Simple
Present Tense) में I और You के साथ बहुवचन
क्रिया (Plural Verb) का प्रयोग करते हैं । उदाहरर् के
नलए-
• I have a car.
मेरे पास एक कार है ।
• You like ice cream.
आपको आइसिीम पसंद है ।
Key point :
• नोट: क्रिया Be का एकवचन रूप I के नलए am होता है और बाकी
सभी एकवचन कतात (he, she, it, etc) के नलए is होता है । जैसे-
• I am ready.
मैं तैयार हूूँ।
• I am happy.
मैं खुश हूूँ।
• She is my friend.
वह मेरी दोस्त है ।
• It is wrong.
यह गलत है ।
Let’s practice
1.Abdul ___________ to be a doctor. (wants, wanting , is wanting)

2.The Soup ________ good. (taste, tastes , is tasting)

3. When he lived in Hyderabad, he _______ to the cinema once

a week. (goes, went, was going)

4.He ______ TV most evening. (watches, is watch, is watching)

Set – 2nd
1.The baby _______ all morning. (cries, has been crying)

2.I _______ Rahim at the zoo. (saw, have seen, had seen)
3.I ______ Kumar this week. (haven't seen, did't see, am not
seeing)
4.This paper _____ twice weekly. (is appearing, appearing,
appears)
5.Ashok fell off the ladder when he ________ the roof. (is
mending, was mending, mended)
Set – 3rd
1. I _________ something burning. (smell, am smelling, have been
smelling)
2.Look, the sun ______ over the hills. (rises, is rise, is rising)

3.She ______ unconscious since four o'clock. (is, was, has been)
4.He used to visit us every week, but he _______ now. (rarely
comes, is rarely coming, has rarely come)
5. I ______ him since we met a year ago. (didn't see, haven't
seen, hadn't seen)
14.We ______ our breakfast half an hour ago. (finished,
have finished, had finished)

15.She jumped off the bus while it _______ . (already

started, had already started, would already start)

16.I ______ for half an hour when it suddenly started

to rain. (have walked, have been walking, had been
walking)
English by Shau Rawat

Select the most appropriate word to fill in the

blank.
There ______ a big park in front of our house.
1. are
2. may be
3. is
4. were
He always………to prove that the earth revolves round the sun.
• (a) tried
• (b) tries
• (c) was trying
• (d) is trying
English by Shau Rawat

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the

underlined segment in the given sentence.

Mani will carry the bundle of clothes in a

bucket to dry them out in the sun every day.
1. carries
2. No substitution required
3. carry
4. have carried
English by Shau Rawat

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the

underlined segment in the given sentence.
Everybody respecting her because she is so
sincere.
1. is respecting
2. No substitution required
3. respect
4. respects
English by Shau Rawat

The given sentence contains a grammatical error.

Identify the segment that contains the error.

Sumanth is going to school by the school bus every day.

1. every day
2. to school
3. Sumanth is going
4. by the school bus
Which sentence is correct?
(a) She had brushed her teeth every night.
(b) She brushes her teeth every night.
(c) She is brushing her teeth every night
(d) She have brushed her teeth every night.
Which sentence is correct?
(a) At present she does not study because she plays in the garden.
(b) At present she will not study because she plays in the garden.
(c) At present she is not studying because she is playing in the garden.
Find the error
• Keeping in mind the current
market conditions (A)/ it has
better for us (B)/ to invest in the
infrastructure structure. (C)/No
error(D)
Find the error
• The market continues to be
positive (A)/ and we expected the
trend (B)/ to continue in the next
quarter also. (C)/No error (D)
Find the error
• A philologist is a person (A)/ who loves
woman (B)/ but a mysogynist is a person
(C)/ who is hating woman (D)/ No error (E)
Find the error

• It is appearing to me (A)/ that you are (B)/

trying to destabilize (C)/ the present
committee (D)/ No error (E).
Find the error
• I want you to (A)/ pick up the box of eggs
gently (B)/ and kept it in (C)/ the corner
carefully (D)/ No error (E).
 DON’T USE THESE VERBS IN PROGRESSIVE FORM

• Verbs of Emotion: love, hate, prefer, mind, like, dislike, please,

surprise, astonish, impress
• Verbs of Possession: have, own, want, belong, need, possess,
own, owe, include, involve
• Verbs used for the Senses: see, hear, smell, seem, sound, taste,
look (=seem), appear, be
 DON’T USE THESE VERBS IN PROGRESSIVE FORM
• Verbs of Thought: know, believe, remember, agree, disagree,
recognise, think (as in to have an opinion), realise, suppose,
mean, understand, concern, feel (as in to have an opinion), wish,
promise, imagine, doubt, deny, satisfy, depend, matter, deserve
• Verbs of Measurement: contain, consist, fit, lack, measure (as
in to have length), weigh (as in to have weight)
Present
Continuous
Sentence type Sentence Structure
For simple Sub+is/am/are+v1+ing+object

For negative Sub+is/am/are+not+v1+ing+object

For Interrogative is/am/are+sub+v1+ing+object

For Interrogative
is/am/are+sub+not+v1+ing+obj
negative
Example
• She is going to be married next month.
• My uncle is going to
Chennai tomorrow.
•Verb form
1st

•Verb 4 Form
th
•Fix + ing = Fixing
•Play + ing = Playing
•Draw + ing = Drawing
•Lay + ing = Laying
•Meat + ing = Meating
•Cheat + ing = Cheating
•Lead + ing = Leading
•Join + ing = Joining
•Leave + ing = Leaving
•Write + ing = Writing
•Drive + ing = Driving
•Save + ing = Saving
•Agree + ing = Agreeing
•See + ing = Seeing
•Flee + ing = Fleeing
•Lie + ing = Lying
•Tie + ing = Tying
•Die + ing = Dying
•Travel + ing = Travelling
•Quarrel + ing = Quarrelling
•Patrol + ing = Patrolling
I have just hired a typewriter and I…….type
now-a-days.
(a) am learning
(b) have learnt
(c) learnt
(d) will learn
They……..the students on educational tour on
next Monday.
(a) were taking
(b) have taken
(c) are taking
(d) have been taking
English by Shau Rawat

The given sentence contains a grammatical error. Identify the segment

that contains the error.
My cousin is not like going for a walk very much.
1. very much
2. is not like
3. My cousin
4. going for a walk
Which sentence is correct?
(a) Why are you cooking food today?
(b) Why do you cook today?
(c) Why have you been cooking food today?
Which sentence is correct?
(a) At present she does not study because she plays in the garden.
(b) At present she will not study because she plays in the garden.
(c) At present she is not studying because she is playing in the garden
1.One time वाले काम :- ये Present continuous में बनेंगे
2.Regular वाले काम :– ये Present indefinite में बनेगा
3.Time duration वाले काम :– ये Present perfect continuous में
बनेगा
Find out the error if any
•Whenever / you are -coming
here,/you bring a lot of / sweets for
me. / No Error
Find out the error if any
The secret of his good / health lies in the
fact that / he is getting up before sunrise
/ and has a two- mile walk every
morning. / No Error
Find out the error if any
Now-a-days he teaches physics / becuase
the teacher of physics / has been
absenting himself / for a month. / No
Error
Present
Perfect
 Has/Hav Present
Subject V3 Object
e Perfect
• मैंने अपना पढाई पूरा कर नलया है । – I have completed my study.
• मै क्रकताबे खरीद चूका हूूँ। – I have purchased books.
• क्या वह जा चूका है ? – Has he gone?
• Find the part of the given sentence that has an error in it. If there is
no error, choose . ‘No error’.
He has deposits all his money in banks. /No
error
1. No error
2. up all his
3. He has deposits
4. money in banks
Air pollution caused by industrial
effluents has been studied (A)/ for
years, but only recently has (B)/ the
harmful effects of noise pollution
become known.(C)/No error(D)
Find out the error if any

He seems to be happy / because his

parents / had come from London / to
live with him. / No Error
My younger brother (A)/ has left (B)
/for Bhopal last Saturday. (C) /No
error(D)
Present Past
Time
Perfect Simple
My father (A)/ has left (B) /for
Bombay last Saturday. (C) /No
error.(D)
Present Perfect
Continuous
Present Perfect

Present
Present
Time Perfect
Continuous
Continuous
He…….suffering from fever since the last week.
(a) is
(b) was
(c) has been
(d) has
She has been suffering from malaria since
she………..her job.
(a) leaves
(b) had
(c) left
(d) has been leaving
• I have been taking online classes since/for
yesterday.
 Since

For
Point of time
Point of time

Dates

Days

Month

Year
Point of time

Dates Days Month Year

Period of time
• Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined
segment in the given sentence.
For the past six months, she is searching for a
job.
1. had been searching
2. No substitution required
3. has searching
4. has been searching
English by Shau Rawat

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined

segment in the given sentence.
When have you been waiting for me here?
1. How long
2. How far
3. What time
4. How late
English by Shau Rawat

Identify the segment in the sentence which

contains a grammatical error.
The students have been doing yoga since an
hour.
1. The students
2. since an hour
3. doing yoga
4. have been
English by Shau Rawat

substitute the underlined segment

The details of the menu for today’s
party has been worked out.
1. No substitution required
2. have been
3. are been
4. is being
Find out the error if any
I have been knowing / him for ten years
/ but I don't know / where he lives. / No
Error
Past
Simple
Simple Past

Simple
Subject Verb 2 Object
Past
Did+V1
V2
English by Shau Rawat

Select the most appropriate word to fill in the

blank.
Yesterday, Mohini ______ her brother to lend
her a pen.
1. requests
2. request
3. has requested
4. requested
• Select the most appropriate option to substitute the
underlined segment in the given sentence
The detectives searched the house from top to bottom, but find
any sign of the stolen goods.
1. No substitution required
2. while finding no sign
3. despite found any sign
4. but found no sign
• Identify the segment in the sentence which contains the
grammatical error from the given options.
When they started, they had great ideas but lack the business
know-how.
1. When they started
2. they had great ideas
3. but lack
4. the business know-how
English by Shau Rawat

Identify the segment in the sentence which

contains a grammatical error.
We were not able to watched the movie due to
lockdown.
1. able to watched
2. the movie
3. were not
4. due to
English by Shau Rawat

Fill in the blank

My employers ______ my salary last year.
1. rise
2. rose
3. raise
4. raised
becom becam becom
e e e

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet bet

bind bound bound

blow blew blown

brea broke broke

k n
bree bred bred
d
brin broug broug
g ht ht
broadca broadca broadca

hit hit hit

cost cost cost

cut cut cut
shut shut shut
fall fell fallen
fly flew flown
get got got
English by Shau Rawat

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined

segment in the given sentence.
In earlier times, there were many who thought
that the earth were flat rather than round.
1. No substitution required
2. has
3. will be
4. was
English by Shau Rawat

The given sentence contains a grammatical error. Identify the

segment that contains the error.
Last Saturday evening we go to a party.
1. Last Saturday
2. a party
3. evening we
4. go to
English by Shau Rawat

Select the most appropriate word to fill in the

blank.
I ______ the film we saw yesterday.
1. didn’t like
2. wasn’t like
3. doesn’t like
4. haven’t liked
• Find the part of the given sentence that has an error in it. If there is
no error, choose ‘No error’.
Her relatives were presented at the station to
see her off. /No error
1. to see her off
2. Her relatives were
3. presented at the station
4. No error
• Find the part of the given sentence that has an error in it. If there is
no error, choose ‘No error’.
He went up to her and asks her why she had
insulted him. /No error
1. He went up to her
2. No error
3. she had insulted him
4. and asks her why
Find out the error if any
Radha came / to the meeting / much
later / than I expect / No Error
Find out the error if any
I used to work (A) /till 11 pm and (B) /
then I go to bed. (C) /No error (D)
Find out the error if any
The victim tried to tell us / what has
happened / but his words / were
not audible. / No Error
The terrorist did not (A)/ confessed his
crime even till the very end (B)/of his
trail and said that he was innocent.(C)
/No error (D)
Past
Continuous
 Past
Subject Was/Were v+ing Object
Continuous
When I reached the station, I found
Shashi……for me.
(a) was waiting
(b) waits
(c) waited
(d) waiting
When the Principal entered the class, a
student………. on the blackboard.
(a) Wrote
(b) was writing
(c) writes
(d) is writing
Rohit started a very small business two years
ago (A)/ but it grew very fast (B)/as the
country is experiencing a boom at that
time.(C)/No error(D)
•बाररश हो चुकी थी |
•It had rained.
•बाररश हो चुकी है
•It has rained.
•I am studying.
•I am studying since morning.
Past
Perfect
PAST PERFECT TENSE
• Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
Raja ______ the house before Hari got there.
1. left
2. had left
3. will leave
4. leaves
Find out the error if any
I wish / he saw you / when you were /
living in England / No Error.
Find out the error if any
. Before the alarm / had stopped
ringing / Veera had pulled up / the
shade. / No Error
Find out the error if any
. We got / everything ready for all /
of them long / before they arrived.
/ No Error
Find out the error if any
. The thief was caught / after he
has disposed of / the stolen
goods. / No Error
Find out the error if any
. The judge had not given / any
decision / until he had / studied the
case. / No Error
Past Perfect
Continuous
Simple
Future
 Simple
Subject Will/shall Verb 1 Object
Future
English by Shau Rawat

Identify the segment in the sentence which contains a grammatical

error.
By the way, will you taught me how to speak in
English?
1. in English
2. will you taught me
3. how to speak
4. By the way
• Select the most appropriate option to fill in the
blank.
Your answer book will be ______ by a computer.
1. evaluated
2. submitted
3. replied
4. tested
• substitute the underlined segment.
• In his coming film the Spider-Man will be seen
in European cities.
1. was seen
2. No Improvement
3. has seen
4. had been seen
Future
CONTINUOUS
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Used to indicate the completion of an action before a given time in the
future.

General Form
S+shall/will+be+verb+ing

Keywords
By this time tomorrow, At this time tomorrow, During July and August,
By 3 o’clock tomorrow
Examples

He will be travelling all the morning tomorrow.

My father will be reading the newspaper at 8 a.m. tomorrow.
 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Used to refer an action that will be expected of its completion at a

particular time in the
future.

General Form
S+shall/will+have+Past Participle

Keywords
By the end of this year, By this time tomorrow, In two years time, In July
next year, In another five months
Examples
•
By April next year, I Shall have completed the 10th standard.
The classes will have begun by the time you reach school.
 FUTURE PERFFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Used to refer the action that will begin in the future and will be happening
continuously.

General Form
S+shall/will+have+been+verb+ing

Keywords
By the end of this year, By this time tomorrow, In two years time, In July next
year, In another five months
Examples

She will have been living in Delhi for five years by the end of this month.
He will have been serving this school for ten years when he retires from
service.
(2) She………TV when her husband came.
(a) watch
(b) was watching
(c) is watching
(d) watched
(3) He always………to prove that the earth revolves round the sun.
(a) tried
(b) tries
(c) was trying
(d) is trying
(4) He saw me by chance and……….the car.
(a) stop
(b) stopped
(c) stops
(d) was stopping
(8) She still remembers the day when she first……..to church.
(a) went
(b) was going
(c) gone
(d) going
(9) The train had left before I…….the station.
(a) reach
(b) was reaching
(c) reached
(d) reaches
(10) Had you worked hard, you……passed?
(a) would
(b) will
(c) would have
(d) will have
(11) We hope that Papa………soon.
(a) come
(b) is coming
(c) will come
(d) shall come
(12) Neelam is learning how……..
(a) to type
(b) to typing
(c) typing
(d) type
(13) Someone………away my bike within an hour.
(a) takes
(b) took
(c) has taken
(d) had taken
(14) There are no taxies available because taxi drivers….on strike.
(a) went
(b) go
(c) have gone
(d) will go
(15) He…….suffering from fever since the last week.
(a) is
(b) was
(c) has been
(d) has
(16) She has been suffering from malaria since she…..her job.
(a) leaves
(b) had
(c) left
(d) has been leaving
(17) They……..the students on educational tour on next Monday.
(a) were taking
(b) have taken
(c) are taking
(d) have been taking
(18) I have just hired a typewriter and I…….type now-a-days.
(a) am learning
(b) have learnt
(c) learnt
(d) will learn
(19) By July 2005, she……in this firm for eleven years.
(a) will work
(b) will have been working
(c) will be working
(d) has been working
(20) The train…..before we reach the station.
(a) will have departed
(b) has departed
(c) is departing
(d) was departing
(21) India…….freedom in 1947.
(a) attains
(b) attained
(c) has attained
(d) was attained
(22) He…….out for an evening walk after he had taken my dinner.
(a) go
(b) went
(c) have gone
(d) will go
(23) My sister was in the bathroom when she………the call-bell.
(a) rang
(b) have rang
(c) ring
(d) an ringing
(24) She….a better job next month.
(a) will get
(b) have got
(c) got
(d) get
(25) I went into the hostel to see what students……
(a) cook
(b) is cooking
(c) was cooking
(d) has cooked
(26) I went into the hostel to see what students…..
(a) are doing
(b) did
(c) were doing
(d) doing
(27) While I reached the station, I found Shashi…….for me.
(a) Watered
(b) has watered
(c) was watering
(d) had watered
(29) I opened the door and saw that it……..
(a) rained
(b) has rained
(c) was raining
Find out the error if any
It is high time / you are starting / this
work," / my friend said to me. / No
Error