Wheel and Tire

Wheel and Tire

I Overview
(I) Structure summary
Tire structure （steel）

cardiagn.com
1. Tire (205/55 R16)
2. TR414 valve
3. Balancing Pad
4. Steel rim (6.5Jx16)
5. Tire nut
6. The wheel cap

Wheel and Tire 89

 Wheel and Tire

Tire structure (aluminum wheels）

cardiagn.com
1. Aluminum rims (6.5Jx16)
2. The tire (205 / 55R16)
3. The tire pressure sensors
4. The decorative cover assembly
5. Wheel Nut
6. The tire pressure label

Wheel and Tire 90

 Wheel and Tire

Spare tire structure

cardiagn.com
1. Tires
2. The balance weight
3. Rim
4. The spare tire fixing stud assembly
5. Valve

Wheel and Tire 91

 Wheel and Tire

Tire pressure
Tire pressure has a decisive influence on the aspects of tire wear, fuel consumption, fault damage,
therefore, in order to drive safely, maintain standard pressure and check the tire pressure regularly.
The load capacity of the tire is corresponding to inflation pressure; determine a reasonable tire
pressure according to the condition of the vehicle load capacity. Climate and season changes should not
be a reason to adjust the tire pressure.
Incorrect tire pressure can cause:
1) Tires with no enough pressure will cause tire shoulder
quicker wear, tire deflection, rolling resistance increasing

cardiagn.com
2). Excessive tire pressure causes rapid wear of the
middle part of the tire tread, and reduce tire buffer
capacity.
Tire transposition
When running the wear situation of the front and rear wheels of the vehicle will be very different
according to the different load capacity, so in order to avoid tire wear by a single direction, regular and
timely transposition to make tires wear evenly, thereby extending the life of the tire.
NOTE: tire should be transposed when reach 8000km.
Tires should be transposed if new tires are replaced.
1) The recommended tire transposition

Wheel replacement
1. The wheel should be replaced when reaches 50000km in normal driving.
2. If one of the following occurs, it needs to be replaced:
1).The tire tread has worn at least three markers.
2) Tire rubber cords or cords appear.
Wheel and Tire 92
 Wheel and Tire

3) The tire tread or tire shoulder crack and cords occur.

4) Tire bump, bulge or delamination.
5) Tire punctured, scratched or otherwise damaged, its
extent is difficult to repair.

Wheel alignment
Correct wheel alignment plays an important role for stable good control of the vehicle, eliminating the
abnormal tire wear, reducing driver fatigue.
Wheel alignment parameters include:
1. Toe
Toe is the difference between the distance of the two front wheels and the distance of the same
wheels two rear ends. If the wheels are perfectly parallel and the toe is zero. If the front wheel inwardly
inclined to car center line, the toe angle is positive. Otherwise the toe is negative.
The function of the toe is compensating the inward or outward rolling tendency caused by camber
angle of the tire and the road surface resistance.

cardiagn.com
2. Camber
Camber is tire relative angle to the vertical reference line, when the top of a wheel tilts outward,
portion is defined as positive, otherwise defined as negative. Camber settings can affect the control of
the vehicle direction and tire wear.
Improper camber settings can cause excessive tire wear or uneven wear, too much positive
camber will cause the outer tire tread wear, when the load of the outside tread is higher than the inner
side, it will cause uneven wear.
Excessive negative camber will cause the inside of the tire tread wear, the load of the inside tread
is higher than the outside, it will cause uneven wear.

3. Caster
Caster angle is the vertical angle between the kingpin axis and the ground. Kingpin caster angle

Wheel and Tire 93

 Wheel and Tire

can produce a stability straight line running: The vehicle has a positive kingpin caster angle, while
rotating the wheel to the left, the left wheel will turn left around the kingpin, as the kingpin axis tilt
backward, the wheel ground movement trend downward in the vertical direction, so that it actual lift
up the left vehicle body. When turning is completed, after the release of the steering wheel, and force
the tire rise upwards and return to the relative original height of the body, so that the journal back to
the original position of driving towards the front.

cardiagn.com
(II) Maintenance parameters
Item Parameters
Tire pressure (cold) 220±10KPa
Tire size(1.5VVT + 5MT 1.5VVT + CVT) 205/55 R16 94V

Tire size (1.5VVT + 5MT) 205/55 R16 94V

Wheel run out Radial steel wheels 1.0mm
Aluminum wheels 0.3mm

Axial steel wheels 1.0mm

aluminum wheels 0.3mm

Item Parameters
Wheel alignment parameters Front Front wheel toe 3.75′±6.75′
wheel Front wheel camber 24′±30′
Kingpin Inclination 10.5°±1°
Kingpin caster angle 3.65°±0.75°'
Kingpin offset mm
Rear The total rear wheel toe angle 24′±24′
wheel Unilateral rear wheel toe 12′±12′
angle
Rear wheel camber angle -56′±30 ＇
(III) Torque parameters
No Item Torque (N • m) Remarks
1 wheel nut 90~110
2 rod length adjustment lock nut 45~55
3 spare wheel fixing stud 25~35

Wheel and Tire 94

 Wheel and Tire

(IV) Maintenance Precaution

1. Please use the original wheels.
2. During the new tire run-in period emergency start, sharp turns, sudden braking and using in bad
condition should be avoided to prevent new tires premature failure.
3. The new tire should be carried out wheel balance before using.
II. Fault diagnosis
(I) Fault diagnosis table
No. Failure Failure Analysis Solution Remark
Causewheel the tire and rim excessive deflection replace
steering
1 circumference
Wheel nut loose fasten
vibration
Wheel unbalance replace
Tire unevenly tear Adjust or replace
Tire insufficient pressure replace
Front wheel bearing damaged or Adjust or replace

cardiagn.com
worn

steering system failure Adjust or replace 换

suspension system Adjust or replace 换
2 tire premature failure
tire pressure incorrect Adjust
wear Wheel alignment bad Adjust toe and replace
Replace the rear tire torsion
beam
Tire noise tire pressure incorrect Adjust
3 tire deteriorate replace

No. Failure Failure Analysis Solution Remark

4 Cause
Road noise or insufficient tire pressure Adjust
body
Unbalanced wheel Adjust
vibration
Deformed rim or tire Maintain or replace
Tire unevenly wear Adjust or replace
Steering Tire and rim excessive wear replace
5 wheel motive
Wheel nut loose Fasten
up and down
Unbalanced wheel Adjust
engine mounting rubber replace
cracked or worn
gearbox mounting rubber replace
cracked or worn
6 steering wheelTire pressure on each side Adjust
tilt unilateral is uneven

Wheel and Tire 95

 Wheel and Tire

Braking system failure Adjust or replace

Tire pressure incorrect Adjust
Excessive tire wear or Adjust or replace
wear unevenly
steering system failure Adjust or replace
Braking system failure Adjust or replace
suspension system failure Adjust or replace
7 Unstable Tire pressure on each side Adjust
running is uneven
Rim or tire deformation maintain or replace
wheel nuts loose Fasten
steering system failure Adjust or replace
suspension system failure Adjust or replace
8 Steering wheelinsufficient tire pressure Adjust
heavy steering system failure Adjust or replace

cardiagn.com
suspension system failure Adjust or replace
9 steering wheelinsufficient tire pressure Adjust
return bad steering system failure Adjust or replace
suspension system failure Adjust or replace

III Wheel alignment

(I) Wheel alignment check and adjustment
1. Check the wheel alignment parameters
1) Check wheel alignment parameters to see whether it
meets the requirements, if not the front toe should be
adjusted in time, if other parameters not match, find the
cause and replace the parts.
Front toe angle parameters are as follows:
Front toe angle 3.75 '± 6.75'
△ Note the position inspection must carried out on flat
ground under no-load conditions
△ Note the front wheel camber, caster, kingpin inclination
angle and the rear wheel toe-in, rear wheel camber of this
model are pre-programmed at the factory, do not adjust.
△ Note If camber, caster and kingpin inclination is not
within the standard range, check the front suspension,
steering knuckle, shock absorber and tie rod for wear or
damage. If there is the above mentioned condition, replace
suspect parts.
Front wheel camber, kingpin caster angle, kingpin
inclination angle and the rear wheel toe-in, rear wheel
Wheel and Tire 96
 Wheel and Tire

camber parameters are as follows:

Front wheel camber: 24 '± 30' Kingpin caster angle: 3.65 °
± 0.75 ° Kingpin Inclination: 10.5 ° ± 1 ° total rear wheel
toe angle: 24 '± 24' rear wheel unilateral toe: 12 '± 12' rear
wheel camber angle: -56 '± 30
2. Adjust the front wheel toe
△ Note the position inspection must carried out on flat
ground under no-load conditions
Front toe angle 3.75 '± 6.75'
If the toe is not within the standard range, adjust as
follows:
1) Check the set toe value on the wheel alignment meter.
2). Straighten steering wheel and lock dead.

cardiagn.com
3) Loosen the tie rod end locking nuts.
4) Turn clockwise or counter clockwise around the tie rod
beam, adjust the toe value to the standard value.
△ Note the turning amount of the tie rod should be
considerable
5) Locking the tie rod end locking nuts.
Tightening torque 45 ~ 55N •m

IV Wheels
(I) Vehicle inspection
Wheel and Tire 97
 Wheel and Tire

1. Check tire appearance

1). Make sure whether there is wheel wear, inflatable
improper, cracks or other damage.
2. Check the tire pressure.
1) Use a well performed tire gauge to check tire pressure,
if not within the standard value, inflate or deflate the tire.
Standard value: 220 ± 10KPa
3. Check the tire treads
1) Check the depth of the tire treads
Tire size: 205/55 R16 (1.5VVT + 5MT) tire size: 205/55
R16 94V (1.5VVT + 5MT /1.5VVT + CVT)
△ Note when the depth of the tire tread reaches the limit or
less, tire tread has wear indicator. When there is an
indicator, replace the tires.

cardiagn.com
2) Check the tire treads to see whether there are foreign
objects. If yes, please remove.
(II) Remove
1. Remove the wheel
1) Loosen 5 wheel nuts on the wheel.
2). Lifting.
3) Remove 5 wheel nuts on the wheel.
4) Remove the wheel

Wheel and Tire 98

 Wheel and Tire

(III) Installation
1. Install the wheel
1). According to the sequent ①-②-③-④-⑤ showed in
the pig to install the wheel nuts, tighten slightly.
2). Lower the vehicle.
3) According to the sequent ①-②-③-④-⑤ showed in the
pig to tighten wheel nuts.
Tightening torque 90 ~ 110N • m
△ Note 1. If manual installation, preload, then evenly
tightening according to the sequence as ① - ② - ③ - ④-

⑤.
2. If the automatic tightening, tightening torque should be
adjusted, tightened once.

cardiagn.com
3. Strictly tighten all wheel nuts according to fig showed
sequence

V Wheel balance
(I) Remove
1. Remove the wheels needed to be adjusted refers to the tire wheel
2. Remove the old balance weight on both side of the wheels, and remove foreign objects on the tire
treads
△ Note 1. When removing, be careful not to scratch the
wheels.
2. If the tire is new, remove the tape.
(II) Adjustment
1. Adjust the wheel balance
1). Use the center hole as the guide; mount the wheel on
the balancing machine and start the wheel balancing
machine.
2). When the value of internal and external imbalances on
both sides of the wheel have emerged on the balancing
machine monitor, select a balancing pad which weight
Wheel and Tire 99
 Wheel and Tire

close to the equilibrium value and assembly specified in

the balancer wheel on the outside of the corresponding
position.
△ Note Install the outer balance weight before install the
inside ones. Before installing the balance weight, be sure
to clean the wheel surface.
△ Note 1. The balance weight cannot be reused, get a new
one every time.
2. Installed the balance weight pads cannot be more than
three.
3. Always use original pads.
4. Do not place weight pad on another piece.

cardiagn.com
S2-w3077b

3) Start the wheel balancer again.

4) In accordance with the position (or angle) of the wheel
balancer indication, knock balance pads into the inside of
the wheel.

5) Start balancing machine, confirm the remaining inside

and outside imbalance value is less than 5g, if either side
residual unbalance value is bigger than 5g, please continue
to the above work,
△ Note balance pad should be used according to the

Wheel and Tire 100

 Wheel and Tire

demand, the using standard refers to service technical

parameters form.
VI. Wheel run out
(I) Check wheel run out
1. Remove tire wheel which needed to be checked refers to the wheels.
2. Install the wheel on the wheel balance machine.
3. Set the indicator as shown; inspect vehicle lateral run out and radial run out
Radial run out: 1mm
Lateral run out: 0.3mm
VII Spare tire
(I) Remove
1. Remove the spare tire
1). Open the trunk lid.
2). Uncover spare tire cover.
3) Get the vehicle tool box.

cardiagn.com
4) Loosen stud fixing the spare tire stud assembly.
5) Remove the spare tire.

(II) Installation
1. Install the spare tire
1) Place the spare tire well.
2). The fixing stud of spare tire stud assembly is screwed
into the rear body floor, the plastic part of the spare tire
stud assembly should fit with the rim center of the hole
edge.
Tightening torque 25 ~ 35N • m

Wheel and Tire 101

 Wheel and Tire

3) Load the vehicle tool box.

4) Close the spare tire cover.
5) Close the trunk lid.

cardiagn.com

Wheel and Tire 102