GRIT ENGLISH CENTER Giải thích từ vựng Bridging the gap 2

UNIT 2
I. WORD FORMATION

WORD FORMATION DEFINITION VIETNAMESE MEANING

madden (v) to make someone extremely angry or irritated làm cho ai đó tức giận
/ˈmædən/

madness (n) a state of being mentally ill or insane sự điên rồ, sự điên cuồng
/ˈmædnəs/

madman/madwoman a person who is mentally ill or insane người điên

(n)
/ˈmædmæn/ or
/ˈmædwʊmən/

mad (adj) mentally ill or insane điên

/mæd/

maddening (adj) extremely irritating or infuriating làm tức giận, làm điên tiết
/ˈmædənɪŋ/

influence (v) to have an effect on or shape the actions, ảnh hưởng

/ˈɪnfluəns/ behavior, or opinions of others

influence (n) the power or ability to affect someone or sự ảnh hưởng

/ˈɪnfluəns/ something

influential (adj) having great influence or impact có ảnh hưởng lớn

/ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl/

fluency (n) the ability to speak or write smoothly and sự lưu loát, sự trôi chảy
/ˈfluənsi/ easily

fluent (adj) able to speak or write a language with ease lưu loát, trôi chảy
/ˈfluənt/ and proficiency

adventure (v) to engage in exciting or daring experiences mạo hiểm

/ədˈvɛnʧər/

adventure (n) an exciting or daring experience or activity cuộc phiêu lưu

/ədˈvɛnʧər/

adventurism (n) the practice or inclination of seeking out tinh thần mạo hiểm
/ədˈvɛnʧərˌɪzəm/ exciting or risky experiences

adventurer/adventuris a person who seeks out exciting or risky nhà mạo hiểm
t (n) experiences
/ədˈvɛnʧərər/ or
/ədˈvɛnʧərɪst/

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adventurous (adj) willing to take risks or engage in exciting phiêu lưu, mạo hiểm
/ədˈvɛnʧərəs/ experiences

adventurist (adj) characterized by a spirit of adventure or risk- liên quan đến tinh thần
/ədˈvɛnʧərɪst/ taking phiêu lưu, mạo hiểm

retire (v) to withdraw or step back from work or active nghỉ hưu
/rɪˈtaɪər/ duty

retirement (n) the state of being retired or the act of retiring sự nghỉ hưu
/rɪˈtaɪərmənt/

retiree (n) a person who has retired người nghỉ hưu

/rɪˌtaɪˈriː/

retired (adj) no longer actively working đã nghỉ hưu

/rɪˈtaɪərd/

retiring (adj) shy or reserved nhút nhát, kín đáo

/rɪˈtaɪərɪŋ/

weigh (v) to measure the weight of something cân

/weɪ/

weight (v) to add importance or significance to làm tăng tầm quan trọng
/weɪt/ something

weight (n) the measure of the heaviness of an object trọng lượng

/weɪt/

weightiness (n) the state or quality of being important or tính nặng nề, tính quan
/ˈweɪtɪnəs/ significant trọng

weightlessness (n) the condition of having no apparent weight or trạng thái không có trọng
/ˈweɪtlɪsnəs/ being unaffected by gravity lực

weighting (n) the act of assigning relative importance or việc gán trọng số
/ˈweɪtɪŋ/ value to different factors

weighty (adj) heavy or substantial in importance or nặng nề, quan trọng

/ˈweɪti/ significance

weightless (adj) having no apparent weight or being không có trọng lực

/ˈweɪtlɪs/ unaffected by gravity

weighted (adj) adjusted or influenced by a particular factor có trọng lượng, được ảnh
/ˈweɪtɪd/ or consideration hưởng bởi yếu tố cụ thể

befriend (v) to become a friend or establish a friendly trở thành bạn, làm bạn
/bɪˈfrɛnd/ relationship with someone

friendship (n) a mutual and supportive relationship between tình bạn

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/ˈfrɛndʃɪp/ friends

(un)friendliness (n) the quality or state of being friendly or tính thân thiện hoặc
/(ʌn)ˈfrɛndlinəs/ unfriendly không thân thiện

(un)friendly (adj) Having or showing a disposition or attitude of thân thiện hoặc không
/(ʌn)ˈfrɛndli/ friendliness or unfriendliness thân thiện

friendless (adj) without friends không có bạn bè

/ˈfrɛndləs/

comfort (v) to provide solace, support, or relief to an ủi, động viên

/ˈkʌmfərt/ someone

comforter (n) thing that provides comfort or relief thứ an ủi, tạo sự thoải mái
/ˈkʌmfərtər/

(dis)comfort (n) a state of physical or mental ease or sự thoải mái hoặc không
/(dɪs)ˈkʌmfərt/ discomfort thoải mái

comforter (n[person]) a person who provides comfort, support, or người an ủi, người động
/ˈkʌmfərtər/ consolation viên

(un)comfortable (adj) experiencing or providing physical or mental thoải mái hoặc không
/(ʌn)ˈkʌmfərtəbl̩/ comfort thoải mái

comforting (adj) providing a sense of comfort, solace, or an ủi, động viên

/ˈkʌmfərtɪŋ/ reassurance

comfortless (adj) lacking comfort or consolation không thoải mái, không

/ˈkʌmfərtləs/ an ủi

accept (v) to willingly receive or take something offered chấp nhận

/əkˈsɛpt/ or given

acceptance (n) the act of accepting or the state of being sự chấp nhận
/əkˈsɛptəns/ accepted

acceptability (n) the quality or condition of being acceptable tính chấp nhận được
/əkˌsɛptəˈbɪləti/

(un)acceptable (adj) meeting or not meeting the required chấp nhận được
/(ʌn)əkˈsɛptəbl̩/ standards or expectations

accepted (adj) generally approved or recognized được chấp nhận

/əkˈsɛptɪd/

(im)probability (n) the quality or state of being probable or tính có thể xảy ra hoặc
/(ɪm)ˌprɑbəˈbɪləti/ improbable không thể xảy ra

probable (adj) likely to happen or be true có thể xảy ra hoặc đúng

/ˈprɑbəbl̩/

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(im)probable (adj) not likely to happen or be true không thể xảy ra hoặc
/(ɪm)ˈprɑbəbl̩/ không đúng

warm (v) to make or become warm làm ấm, trở nên ấm áp

/wɔrm/

warmth (n) the quality or state of being warm sự ấm áp

/wɔrmθ/

warm (n) a moderate or comfortable degree of heat sự ấm (của nhiệt độ)

/wɔrm/

warmer (n) a device or garment used to keep something máy làm ấm hoặc áo ấm
/ˈwɔrmər/ or someone warm

warm (adj) having or giving off a moderate degree of heat ấm, ấm áp

/wɔrm/

II. PREPOSITIONS AND REPHRASING

PREPOSITIONS DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

/REPHRASING MEANING

take away to remove or carry mang đi, lấy đi Please take away the
something from a place empty plates from the
table.

rob of to steal something from cướp đoạt của ai đó The thief robbed him of his
someone by force or threat wallet and phone.

decide on to make a choice or reach a quyết định về cái gì We need to decide on a

decision about something đó date for the meeting.

think about/of to consider or ponder suy nghĩ về cái gì I'm thinking about going
something đó on vacation this summer.

deprive of to take away or deny cướp đoạt, tước The war has deprived
someone of something đoạt many families of their
homes.

steal from to take something lấy cắp từ ai đó Someone stole my bike

unlawfully or without from the park.
permission from someone

opt for to choose or prefer one lựa chọn I opted for the vegetarian
option over others option at the restaurant.

occur to to come to mind or be nảy ra trong đầu, It didn't occur to me to

realized by someone hiện ra bring an umbrella in case it
rains.

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depend on to rely or count on someone phụ thuộc vào Whether we go hiking

or something tomorrow will depend on
the weather.

responsible for having the duty or chịu trách nhiệm về As the project manager,
obligation for something she is responsible for the
team's success.

call for to require or demand đòi hỏi, yêu cầu The situation calls for
something immediate action.

instead of in place of or as an thay vì, thay thế I'll have tea instead of
alternative to something cho coffee today.

be subject to to be prone or exposed to phụ thuộc vào, bị The event is subject to

something ảnh hưởng bởi cancellation depending on
the COVID-19 situation.

in charge of responsible for overseeing chịu trách nhiệm She is in charge of the
or managing something marketing department.

in demand being desired or sought được yêu cầu, đang The new iPhone model is
after by many people được tìm kiếm in high demand.

as an alternative as another choice or option như một sự lựa She decided to eat salad as
to instead of something chọn thay thế cho an alternative to pizza.

find fault with = to criticize or point out the chỉ trích, phê phán She always finds fault with
run/put down = flaws or shortcomings of my work, criticizing every
come in for someone or something detail.
criticism =pick
holes in =
be/come under
attack

adapt to = come to to adjust or accept thích ứng, chấp After moving to a new
terms with = something, especially a nhận country, it took him some
resign oneself to difficult or challenging time to adapt to the
situation different culture.

pressed for time = to be in a hurry or have bị thiếu thời gian, We're pressed for time, so
race against time limited time to complete a đấu tranh với thời let's hurry up and finish
= get a move on tas gian the project.

in contrast to = as in comparison with so sánh, so với, trái In contrast to her shy

against = can’t be với cái gì sister, she is very outgoing
compared to = and sociable.
there’s no
comparison
between

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be none of one’s have nothing to do with sbd không phải là việc My personal finances are
business = be no của ai none of his business.
concern of ones =
mind one’s own
business

it serves sbd right it’s one’s own fault phải chịu trách He didn't study for the
= only have nhiệm, tự tạo ra exam and failed. It serves
oneself to blame = him right.
be of one’s own
making

a great deal of a large amount or quantity một lượng lớn She has a great deal of
of something experience in the field.

under the considering the situation or trong tình huống Under the circumstances, I
circumstances conditions present như vậy think we should postpone
the event.

in a state of experiencing a particular trong tình trạng Her mind was in a state of
condition or state constant turmoil.

on the one hand from one perspective or một mặt On the one hand, I want to
viewpoint go to the party, but on the
other hand, I'm tired.

beyond a shadow with absolute certainty không còn nghi ngờ There is beyond a shadow
of a doubt gì nữa of a doubt that she is the
best candidate for the job.

on the grounds based on the reasons that dựa trên lý do rằng I refuse to answer on the
that grounds that I might
incriminate myself.

expert on a person who has extensive chuyên gia về He is an expert on

knowledge or skill in a computer programming.
particular area

by virtue of because of bởi vì She was granted access to

the event by virtue of her
VIP pass.

mindful of (the aware or conscious of nhớ đến, lưu ý đến We must be mindful of the
fact) something consequences of
selfishness.

in the event of if something happens trong trường hợp In the event of a power
outage, please use the
emergency exits.

at any rate regardless, in any case dù sao đi nữa I don't know if she'll come,

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but at any rate, we should

start without her.

in some respects in certain aspects or ways ở một số mặt In some respects Tom is a
regular eighth grader.

with regards to concerning, in relation to liên quan đến With regards to your
question, I will get back to
you soon.

on the basis of based on dựa trên The decision was made on

the basis of the available
data.

be in the mood to to feel inclined or ready to có tâm trạng để After a long day at work,
do/for doing do something làm gì I'm not really in the mood
to go out tonight.

bear sbd a to hold resentment or ill giữ mối hận, hận He has been bearing a
grudge/a grudge will towards someone thù đối với ai đó grudge against his former
against sbd friend ever since they had
a falling out.

have a weakness to have a strong attraction có sự yếu mềm với She has a weakness for
for or fondness for something cái gì đó chocolate and can't resist
indulging in it.

have a soft spot to have a tender or có tình cảm đặc He has a soft spot for stray
for affectionate feeling towards biệt đối với ai đó cats and always feeds
someone or something hoặc cái gì đó them.

opt for to choose or prefer lựa chọn I opted for the blue dress
something over other instead of the red one.
alternatives

express one’s to communicate or indicate bày tỏ sự ưu tiên She expressed her

preference for one's choice or liking for cho cái gì đó preference for Italian
something cuisine.

feel like doing sth to have a desire or có cảm giác muốn I feel like going for a walk
inclination to do something làm gì in the park.

III. ADDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS

ADDITIONAL DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

EXPRESSIONS MEANING

give sth a/one’s to make the best effort or cố gắng hết sức, I'll give it my best shot and
best shot attempt at something nỗ lực hết mình try to solve this difficult
puzzle.

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give sbd a hard to make things difficult or gây khó khăn, làm The new student was given a
time challenging for someone khó cho ai đó hard time by some of the
classmates.

give (sb) credit to acknowledge or công nhận, đánh We should give him credit for
(for) recognize someone's giá cao his hard work and
effort, achievement, or dedication.
contribution

give sb up for to believe or accept that coi ai đó đã mất The rescue team never gave
lost/dead someone is lost or dead hoặc chết the stranded hikers up for
lost and continued searching.

give (sb) a new to give someone a fresh mang lại hy vọng, The successful surgery gave
lease of/on life start or opportunity cơ hội mới cho ai the patient a new lease of life.
đó

give sb the benefit to trust or believe tin tưởng, cho ai Even though there are
of the doubt someone, even in the đó lợi ích của sự doubts, I'll give him the
absence of concrete nghi ngờ benefit of the doubt and trust
evidence his intentions.

give sb an idea to provide someone with cho ai đó biết Let me give you an idea of
of/about an understanding or hoặc có được cái what the project will involve.
impression of something nhìn về điều gì

give (sb) half a/the to offer someone a fair cho ai đó cơ hội If you give me half a chance,
chance opportunity or possibility công bằng I'll prove that I can succeed.

give rise to to cause or bring about gây ra, tạo điều The controversial decision
something kiện cho gave rise to a heated debate
among the participants.

give one’s word to make a promise or give hứa, cam đoan I give you my word that I will
an assurance keep this secret.

give a/no clue to to provide or not provide cung cấp hoặc The mysterious message
a hint or indication of không cung cấp gave no clue to the
something gợi ý về điều gì đó whereabouts of the missing
treasure.

give sth the/one’s to express or give official chấp thuận, đồng The expert gave the project
seal of approval or authoritative approval ý chính thức his seal of approval,
to something confirming its quality.

run for cover to seek shelter or tìm nơi trú ẩn, When it started raining,
protection, especially che chở everyone ran for cover to
during a dangerous or avoid getting wet.
threatening situation

run its course to continue naturally or tiếp tục diễn ra, The flu will run its course,

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reach the end of a process hoàn thành quá and you'll start feeling better
or period trình soon.

run sth into the to use or operate sử dụng quá mức, The company's poor
ground something excessively or khiến cho điều gì management decisions ran
to the point of its đó hư hỏng the business into the ground.
deterioration

run the gauntlet to face a series of đối mặt với nhiều The brave soldier ran the
challenges, obstacles, or khó khăn, trở ngại gauntlet of enemy fire to
criticisms hoặc chỉ trích deliver a crucial message.

run short of to have a shortage or lack thiếu, không đủ We're running short of milk
of something and need to buy some more.

run a/the risk to be exposed to the có nguy cơ, Don't run the risk of missing
possibility of something đương đầu với rủi the train, so leave early.
negative happening ro

run one’s life/an to be in control or manage quản lý cuộc He has been running his own
organization/shop,. one's life or a particular sống/công ty/cửa successful business for many
.. entity hàng của mình,... years.

run in the/one’s to be a common trait or thường xuất hiện Running in the family, his
family characteristic shared by trong gia đình musical talent was inherited
members of a family from his parents.

run one’s eye over to quickly scan or look at nhìn qua, quét She quickly ran her eyes over
something mắt the document to find the key
information.

run up a large bill to accumulate or create a tạo ra một số tiền The extravagant shopping
large amount of debt or lớn, phát sinh nợ spree ran up a large bill on
expenses nần her credit card.

run down to diminish or decrease in giảm đi, suy giảm The old car is running down
value, quality, or and needs frequent repairs.
condition

run away with the to become excessively or lạc quan điều gì The thought of winning the
idea/impression/n uncontrollably influenced đó một cách quá lottery ran away with her,
otion by an idea, impression, or mức and she started making
notion extravagant plans.

it’s one’s own fault to accept responsibility lỗi thuộc về mình If you don't study for the
for one's own mistakes or exam, it's your own fault if
actions you fail.

make one’s mark to achieve success or làm dấu ấn, thành The talented artist made his
become well-known for công mark in the art world with
one's accomplishments his unique style.

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wide of the mark incorrect or inaccurate không chính xác, His explanation was
sai completely wide of the mark
and didn't address the real
issue.

mark (on a car) a visible indication or vết dấu trên ô tô, There was a noticeable
trace left on a car, thường do va scratch mark on the side of
typically caused by a chạm hay tai nạn the car.
collision or accident

set eyes on to see or lay eyes on nhìn thấy, trông As soon as she set eyes on
something or someone thấy the beautiful beach, she
knew she had found
paradise.

set one’s sights on to have a specific goal or đặt mục tiêu vào She has set her sights on
target in mind becoming a successful
entrepreneur.

set fire to to cause something to châm lửa, gây The careless camper
start burning cháy accidentally set fire to the
tent with a lit cigarette.

stop a cheque to request a bank to not ngừng thanh toán He decided to stop the
honor a previously issued một séc cheque when he realized it
check had been written for the
wrong amount.

stop at nothing to be willing to do không ngại bất kỳ The determined detective

anything necessary to điều gì would stop at nothing to
achieve a goal, regardless solve the challenging case.
of the moral implications

stop (for supper) to take a break or pause in dừng lại để ăn Let's stop for supper and
an activity to have a meal, bữa tối take a break from our long
specifically supper journey.

cheer (sb) on to encourage or show cổ vũ, động viên The crowd cheered on their
support for someone ai đó favorite team during the
intense match.

cheer (madly) to shout or express joy, vỗ tay, hò reo một The enthusiastic supporters
enthusiasm, or approval cách sôi nổi cheered madly as their team
loudly and scored the winning goal.
enthusiastically

cheer oneself up to make oneself feel làm vui lòng bản After a disappointing day,
happier or more positive thân she tried to cheer herself up
by watching a funny movie.

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make a point of to intentionally do nhấn mạnh, quan I make a point of exercising

(doing sth) something to emphasize trọng every day to stay healthy.
its importance or
significance

at no point at no time or under no không một lúc At no point did he show any
circumstances nào sign of remorse for his
actions.

up to a point to a certain extent or đến một mức độ I agree with you up to a

degree nào đó point, but there are some
aspects I still have doubts
about.

IV. COLLOCATIONS

COLLOCATIONS DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

MEANING

fond memories pleasant or cherished kỷ niệm đáng nhớ I have fond memories of
recollections spending summers at my
grandparents' house.

stable condition a state of health or stability tình trạng ổn định The patient is in stable
that is not likely to change condition after the surgery.
rapidly

field trip an educational excursion or chuyến đi thực tế, The students went on a field
outing, typically taken by chuyến tham quan trip to the museum to learn
students about art history.

dire need/straits a situation of extreme hoàn cảnh khó The family was in dire need
urgency or difficulty khăn, tình trạng of financial assistance after
khốn cùng losing their home.

spitting image a person who closely giống như đúc, He looks like his father, he's
resembles someone else, trông giống nhau the spitting image of him.
usually in appearance

pet theory/hate a theory or hatred that is ý thuyết yêu She holds a pet theory that
strongly and personally thích/chán ghét explains the origins of the
held universe.

standing joke a humorous topic or tiểu phẩm hài, That embarrassing moment
situation that is frequently chuyện đùa became a standing joke
mentioned or referred to thường được nhắc among our group of friends.
đến

track record a person or organization's hồ sơ thành tích, The athlete has an

past performance or kết quả công việc impressive track record of

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history of accomplishments trong quá khứ winning multiple

or failures championships.

extenuating factors or conditions that tình tiết giảm nhẹ Despite the extenuating
circumstances make a situation less circumstances, he managed
severe or serious to complete the project on
time.

absolute must something that is điều hoàn toàn cần It is an absolute must that
absolutely necessary or thiết you arrive on time for the
essential important meeting.

long shot a very unlikely or điều không có khả Winning the lottery is a long
improbable possibility năng xảy ra cao shot, but you never know.

close call/shave a situation in which a sự thoát chết sát It was a close call, but she
dangerous or risky event sao managed to avoid the
was narrowly avoided accident.

V. ADVERB + SETS OF ADJECTIVE

ADVERB DEFINITION VIETNAMESE ADJECTIVE/VERB

MEANING

highly to a great extent or degree rất, cực kỳ educated, skilled, improbable,

/ˈhaɪli/ unlikely, esteemed, salted

strongly with great force, intensity, mạnh mẽ, mạnh advise, disapprove, object, urge
/ˈstrɔŋli/ or conviction dạn

badly in a poor or unsatisfactory tồi tệ, không tốt needed, damaged, disfigured,
/ˈbædli/ manner treated

utterly completely or to the fullest hoàn toàn, một despise(d), lacking,

/ˈʌtərli/ extent cách tuyệt đối destroy(ed), ridiculous

firmly with determination, một cách vững held, established, fixed, rooted
/ˈfɜrmli/ strength, or stability chắc, kiên quyết

openly without concealment or một cách công hostile, opposed

/ˈoʊpli/ secrecy khai, không giấu
diếm

clearly in a manner that is easy to một cách rõ ràng, express, explain

/ˈklɪrli/ understand or perceive dễ hiểu

promptly without delay ngay lập tức, mau reply, act

/ˈprɑmptli/ lẹ

implicitly without any doubt or một cách ngầm trust

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/ɪmˈplɪsɪtli/ reservation hiểu, một cách

tuyệt đối

VI. RELATED WORDS: HAVING ACCIDENTS

WORD DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

MEANING

poison (v) to administer a đầu độc The malicious rumors were

/ˈpɔɪzn/ substance that is toxic or intended to poison the minds
harmful of the students.

poison the minds to influence or corrupt làm đầu độc tâm Don't listen to her lies - she's
of someone's thoughts or trí của ai đó just trying to poison your mind
beliefs in a negative way against me.

graze (v) to scrape or touch lightly, cào, chạm nhẹ He only grazed his knee during
/ɡreɪz/ often resulting in a the fall, so it wasn't a serious
superficial wound injury.

blister (v) to cause a blister or form tạo phồng, gây nứt The hot sand blistered his feet
/ˈblɪstər/ blisters on the skin da as he walked barefoot on the
beach.

blistering heat extremely hot nhiệt độ nóng cháy The blistering heat of the
temperature desert made it difficult to stay
outside for long.

pull a muscle to strain or injure a kéo căng cơ, gây He pulled a muscle while lifting
muscle by overexertion chấn thương cơ the heavy boxes.
or sudden movement

cut/gash (v) make a long, deep cut or rạch dài và sâu The knife slipped and cut his
wound hand, causing a deep gash.

cut sbd dead to deliberately ignore or phớt lờ, không chú She felt ignored when her
snub someone ý tới ai đó colleagues cut her dead in the
hallway.

cut to the bone to reduce something to cắt giảm tối đa, The budget cuts have affected
its most essential or giảm thiểu the organization to the bone,
minimal form causing layoffs and reduced
services.

bump one’s to accidentally hit one's đụng đầu, bị tổn She bumped her head on the
head/get a head against a surface, thương low doorway and got a painful
bump/bruise resulting in a bump or bump.
bruise

goose bumps small raised bumps on nổi da gà The chilling wind gave her

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the skin caused by cold, goose bumps as she walked

fear, or excitement outside.

scald (v) to burn or injure with làm bỏng He accidentally scalded his
/skɔːld/ hot liquid or steam hand with boiling water from
the kettle.

eye strain discomfort or fatigue in căng thẳng mắt Staring at a computer screen
the eyes caused by for too long can cause eye
prolonged or intense use strain.

emotional strain stress or pressure on căng thẳng tinh The emotional strain of the
one's emotions or mental thần situation was overwhelming
well-being for her.

scratch (v) to make a shallow mark gãi, cào He scratched the insect bite on
/skrætʃ/ or abrasion on the his leg.
surface of something

scratch the to only superficially chỉ tiếp xúc bề He scratched the surface of the
surface explore or understand ngoài, không đi problem but didn't delve
something sâu vào deeper into the root causes.

sting (v) to cause a sharp, burning đốt, cắn I didn't see the nettles until I
/stɪŋ/ pain, often by the was stung by them.
injection of a venomous
substance

take the sting out to lessen the negative or làm giảm đau đớn, The new policy of shorter
of painful impact of làm dịu đi working hours will serve to
something take the sting out of the pay
cut.

twist/sprain (v) to injure or damage a bị trật, kéo căng She twisted her ankle while
joint or ligament by cơ, gây chấn running and had to be taken to
sudden or excessive thương the hospital.
twisting

twist one’s words to distort or xoay chuyển ý No, that's not what I meant—
misrepresent someone's nghĩa của ai đó stop twisting my words around
words or meaning like that!

twists and turns unexpected changes or những sự thay đổi The plot of the story had many
developments in a và phát triển bất unexpected twists and turns.
situation ngờ

a twist in the plot an unexpected or sự phát triển bất In the novel, there was a
surprising development ngờ trong cốt sudden twist in the plot when
in a story or narrative truyện the protagonist's long-lost
sibling appeared out of
nowhere.

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twist the truth to distort or manipulate xoay chuyển sự The politician tried to twist the
the truth thật truth to make himself look
better.

break/fracture to cause a bone or hard gãy, nứt She broke the plates in a fit of
(v) object to crack or shatter temper.

a clean break a complete separation phủi tay (mối quan After years of arguing, they
from a situation or hệ), chấm dứt decided to end their
relationship. hoàn toàn relationship with a clean break.

break the ice to initiate or start a phá vỡ bầu không The shy student tried to break
conversation or social khí lạnh lẽo, khởi the ice by telling a joke to the
interaction đầu một cuộc trò new classmates.
chuyện

bite (v) to use the teeth to grip, cắn He decided to stop biting his
/baɪt/ cut, or wound something nails and instead found
another habit to replace it.

a bite to eat a small meal or snack một chút đồ ăn I'm feeling hungry, so let's grab
nhẹ a bite to eat at the café nearby.

VII. EXPRESSION

EXPRESSION DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

MEANING

there’s nothing it is easy or simple không có gì khó Don't worry, baking a cake is
to it khăn easy. There's nothing to it!

take it easy to relax or calm down thư giãn, bình tĩnh After a long day at work, I like to
take it easy and relax in front of
the TV.

think nothing to consider something as coi như không có gì She thinks nothing of staying up
of unimportant or đáng kể late to finish her work.
insignificant

give/hand sth to provide or give đưa cho ai đó một He didn't have to work hard for
to sbd on a something to someone cách dễ dàng his promotion; it was given to
plate without them having to him on a plate.
make any effort

easy come, something obtained or dễ đến dễ đi He won a lot of money at the

easy go acquired without much casino, but he lost it all the next
effort can be lost or spent day. Easy come, easy go.
easily

come naturally to do something easily or làm một cách tự She is a talented musician;

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 GRIT ENGLISH CENTER Giải thích từ vựng Bridging the gap 2

instinctively nhiên playing the piano comes

naturally to her.

be a pushover to be easily influenced, dễ bị ảnh hưởng, dễ He always agrees to do favors

convinced, or defeated bị thuyết phục for others; he's such a pushover.

can do sth with to be very familiar or làm điều gì đó một She has been knitting for years;
one’s eyes skilled at doing cách dễ dàng, thành she can do it with her eyes
closed something thạo closed.

easier said something that sounds nói dễ hơn làm Quitting smoking is easier said
than done easy in theory but is than done; it requires a lot of
difficult to put into willpower.
practice

be a tough nut to be a difficult problem là một vấn đề khó The suspect refused to confess;
to crack or challenge to solve khăn hoặc thách he's a tough nut to crack.
thức

have a hard to experience difficulty or gặp khó khăn, gặp She had a hard time finding a
time/a job struggle with something vấn đề job after graduating from
college.

take some to require effort or hard đòi hỏi sự nỗ lực, Building a successful business
doing work công sức takes some doing; it requires a
lot of hard work and
perseverance.

take a joke to have a sense of humor biết đùa, không Don't be so serious; learn to
and not take offense phản ứng quá mức take a joke!
easily

be no easy task to be a difficult or không phải là một Writing a novel is no easy task;
challenging undertaking nhiệm vụ dễ dàng it requires creativity and
dedication.

learn the hard to learn from personal học bằng cách trải I've been in and out of places,
way experience, often through qua những trải I've had to learn the hard way.
difficult or painful nghiệm khó khăn
lessons

teething initial difficulties or khó khăn trong giai The new software has some
troubles problems experienced đoạn đầu teething troubles; we're
during the early stages of working to fix them.
a process or project

be no picnic to be difficult or không dễ dàng, Being a parent is no picnic; it

unpleasant không dễ chịu comes with its challenges.

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be hard to be in a difficult or đối mặt với sự khó She is hard pressed for time; she
pressed challenging situation, khăn, gặp áp lực has a lot of deadlines to meet.
often due to time or
resource constraints

be a hard row to face a difficult or gặp khó khăn, đối Starting a business from scratch
to hoe challenging task or mặt với thử thách is a hard row to hoe; it takes a
situation lot of effort and perseverance.

at the back of behind or in a position of ở phía sau, không The answer to the question is at
lesser importance quan trọng the back of the book.

be up to to be responsible for or đảm nhận, có khả What have you been up to

capable of doing năng thực hiện lately? I haven't seen you in a
something while.

carry the can to accept responsibility chịu trách nhiệm, He took the blame and carried
(for) or blame for something chịu trách nhiệm the can for the mistake made by
phạm lỗi his team.

take the blame to accept responsibility chịu trách nhiệm, She was responsible for the
or blame for something chịu trách nhiệm project's failure and took the
phạm lỗi blame for it.

shoulder the to accept and bear the chịu trách nhiệm, He shouldered the blame for the
blame responsibility or blame chịu trách nhiệm team's loss; he took full
for something phạm lỗi responsibility.

the onus is on the responsibility or trách nhiệm thuộc The onus is on the company to
burden lies with về prove its innocence in the
lawsuit.

pull one’s to do one's fair share of đóng góp công sức, In a team project, everyone
weight work or contribute cống hiến needs to pull their weight and
equally to a group effort contribute equally.

hold the fort to maintain or be in giữ vững, kiểm soát I'm going on vacation, but my
charge of a situation or colleague will hold the fort
position in someone's while I'm away.
absence

wash one’s to disassociate oneself rửa tay gác kiếm, từ After the argument, she washed
hands of from or refuse bỏ trách nhiệm her hands of the situation and
responsibility for decided not to get involved
something anymore.

pass the buck to shift or transfer tránh trách nhiệm, He always tries to pass the buck
responsibility or blame to chuyển trách nhiệm and avoid taking responsibility
someone else for his mistakes.

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on one’s hands in a position of being on quỳ gối She was scrubbing the floor on
and knees the hands and knees her hands and knees to get it
clean.

one’s hands to be unable to act or không thể làm gì vì I would like to help, but my
are tied make a decision due to bị ràng buộc hands are tied. There's nothing I
external constraints or can do.
limitations

tough (as an very tough or resilient cứng rắn, mạnh mẽ Despite her age, she is tough as
old boot) an old boot and can handle any
challenge.

get tough to become strict or firm trở nên nghiêm The teacher had to get tough
(with) in dealing with a khắc, mạnh mẽ with the unruly students to
situation or person maintain discipline in the
classroom.

tough nut to a difficult or challenging vấn đề khó khăn, Solving this complex puzzle is a
crack problem or person to người khó tính tough nut to crack; it will
deal with require a lot of effort.

glad to see the to be happy or relieved thấy vui mừng khi I'm glad to see the back of that
back of when someone or ai đó hoặc cái gì đó old car. It was always breaking
something is gone or no đã đi down.
longer present

know sth like to be very familiar or biết rõ, am hiểu She knows the city like the back
the back of knowledgeable about of her hand; she can navigate
something anywhere.

at the back of behind, responsible for có trách nhiệm cho The local team of Minardi was at
việc gì, đứng sau vụ the back of the field
gì

go easy on to be gentle, lenient, or nhẹ nhàng, nhân từ He's been sick, so let's go easy
sb/sth forgiving towards on him and not give him too
someone or something much work.

worth its extremely valuable or có giá trị cao This book is worth its weight in
weight in gold precious gold; it's filled with valuable
information.

throw one’s to use one's influence or dùng quyền lực, sức He likes to throw his weight
weight around power to assert authority mạnh để kiểm soát around and act like he's in
or control over others người khác charge.

pull one’s to do one's fair share of đóng góp công sức, In a team, it's important for
weight work or contribute cống hiến everyone to pull their weight
equally to a group effort and contribute equally.

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a (brass) plate a small flat or curved một mảnh kim loại She received a gold plate as a
piece of metal with a nhỏ, có mục đích trophy for winning the
specific purpose or hoặc chức năng cụ competition.
function thể

have so much to have a lot of tasks, có nhiều việc, trách I can't take on any additional
on one’s plate responsibilities, or nhiệm, công việc projects right now; I already
commitments to deal cần giải quyết have so much on my plate.
with

VIII. COMMON WORDS

WORD DEFINITION VIETNAMESE EXAMPLE

MEANING

staples (n) essential or basic items hàng hóa cần thiết Bread, milk, and eggs are
/ˈsteɪpəlz/ that are regularly used or staples that I always keep in
consumed my kitchen.

overkill (v) to use excessive force, dùng quá mức cần The outfit was cute, but the
/ˈoʊvərˌkɪl/ effort, or resources thiết, dùng quá accessories were overkill.
beyond what is necessary mức

minor ailments minor or common những bệnh nhẹ, Males will have found
(n) illnesses or physical cảm giác không themselves reassessing minor
discomforts thoải mái ailments.

simmer (v) to cook or heat something ninh, hầm nhẹ The soup needs to simmer for
/ˈsɪmər/ gently over low heat 20 minutes to let the flavors
blend.

alleviate (v) to reduce or relieve làm giảm, giảm bớt Taking pain medication can
/əˈliːvieɪt/ something, such as pain, help alleviate the discomfort of
stress, or a problem a headache.

rashes (n) red or inflamed patches on phản ứng da, nổi She developed rashes on her
/ˈræʃɪz/ the skin mẩn đỏ skin after coming into contact
with poison ivy.

tepid (adj) lukewarm or mildly warm ấm ức, ấm nhạt The tea was served tepid,
/ˈtɛpɪd/ in temperature neither hot nor cold.

sprinkle (v) to scatter or distribute rải, phân tán, rắc Sprinkle some sugar on top of
/ˈsprɪŋkl̩/ something in small the dessert to add a sweet
amounts touch.

reliable (adj) trustworthy and đáng tin cậy The reliable old car never gives
/rɪˈlaɪəbl/ dependable me any trouble.

justify (v) to provide a valid reason bào chữa, biện She tried to justify her lateness

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/ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ or explanation for minh by explaining the traffic

something situation.

groomed (adj) clean, neat, and well- chuẩn bị, chỉnh đốn He always looks well-groomed
/ɡrumd/ presented in appearance with his neatly styled hair and
ironed clothes.

obstacles (n) barriers or challenges that chướng ngại vật, Lack of funding and limited
/ˈɑbstəkəlz/ hinder progress or khó khăn resources are common
achievement obstacles in starting a business.

restrict (v) to limit or confine hạn chế, giới hạn The school restricts access to
/rɪˈstrɪkt/ something within certain certain websites on their
boundaries or parameters computers.

hinder (v) to obstruct or impede the làm trở ngại, cản The heavy rain hindered our
/ˈhɪndər/ progress or development trở progress as we struggled to
of something walk through the flooded
streets.

patrol (v) to regularly monitor or tuần tra, tuần tra The security guard patrols the
/pəˈtroʊl/ guard an area or location building to ensure its safety.

confiscate (v) to seize or take away tịch thu, tịch thu The airport security
/ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/ someone's property or confiscated the prohibited
belongings, usually as a items from the passenger's bag.
penalty or legal action

epidemic (n) a widespread occurrence dịch bệnh The outbreak of the flu virus
/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ of a contagious disease led to an epidemic in the
within a community or community.
population

sustain (v) to support, maintain, or duy trì, chịu đựng Regular exercise and a
/səˈsteɪn/ endure something over balanced diet can help sustain
time good health.

basic fundamental or essential biện pháp phòng Washing hands regularly is a

precaution (n) measures taken to prevent ngừa cơ bản basic precaution to prevent the
or minimize risks or spread of germs.
dangers

appropriate suitable, fitting, or proper phù hợp, thích hợp Wearing casual clothes is
(adj) for a particular purpose or appropriate for a weekend
/əˈproʊpriət/ situation outing with friends.

contact sports sports or activities that môn thể thao tiếp Football, rugby, and boxing are
involve physical contact xúc examples of contact sports that
between players involve physical contact
between players.

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modified (adj) altered or adjusted to suit được sửa đổi, được The modified version of the
/ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/ specific conditions or thay đổi game includes additional rules
requirements and changes to make it more
accessible.

exceed one’s to go beyond one's vượt quá khả năng Taking on three jobs at once
capabilities abilities or capacity của mình would exceed her capabilities
and lead to burnout.

realistic goals achievable and practical mục tiêu thực tế, Setting a goal to lose 1-2
objectives that are based khả thi pounds per week is a realistic
on a realistic assessment and achievable weight loss
of one's abilities and goal.
circumstances

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