TENSE:-

There are three types of tense:-

Present tense:-
There are four types of present tense:-

Present Indefinite or simple present.

Past tense:-
There are four types of past tense:-

Past Indefinite.
Past continuous.
Past perfect.
Past perfect continuous.
 Future tense:-
There are four types of future tense:-

Future Indefinite.
Future continuous.
Future perfect.
Future perfect continuous.

• Subject:- I, we, you, they, he, she, it. Or koi bhi jaandar cheez.
• Object:- koi bhi bejaan cheez.
• Verb:- action words.
For example:- mein bihar jaata hu.

S:- mein
O:- bihar
V:- jata hu.
 1. Present tense:-
A. Present Indefinite:- Ta hai, Ti hai, Tai hai.
Rule:- I, we, you, they, plural subject k saath s/es nahi lagta.
He, she, it, singular subject k saath s/es lagta hai.

Formula :- S + V1 + S/ES + O.

Example :- mein chugli karta hu.

I back bite.

• Negative:- I, we, you, they, plural subject k saath (Do) aayega.

Formula:- S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1 + O.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- DO/DOES + S + V1 + O.
Example:- kyat um school jaate ho?
Do you go to school?
• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- DO/DOES + S + not + V1 + O.
Example:- kya tm bazaar nhi jaate ho?
Do you not go to market?
 B. Present continuous:- raha hai, rahi hai, rahe hai.
Rule:- I ke saath am lgta hai.
He, she, it, singular subject k saath (is) lgta hai.
You, we, they, plural subject k saath (are) lgta hai.
Formula:- S + IS/AM/ARE + V + ING + O.
Example:- mein khaana kha rha hu.
I am eating the food.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + V + ING + O.
Example:- mein khaana nhi kha rha hu.
I am not eating the food.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- IS/AM/ARE + S + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya mein khaana kha rha hu?
Am I eating the food?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- IS/AM/ARE + S + NOT + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya mein khaana nhi kha rha hu?
Am I not eating the food?
 C. Present perfect:- chuka hai, chuki hai, chuke hai.
Rule:- I, we, you, they, plural subject k saath (have) aayega.
He, she, it, singular subject k saath (has) aayega.
Formula:- S + HAS/HAVE + V3 + O.
Example:- mein kitaab padh chuka hu.
I have read the book.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + V3 + O.
Example:- mein kitaab nhi pdh chuka hu.
I have not read the book.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- HAS/HAVE + SUB + V3 + O.
Example:- kya tm khel chuke ho?
Have you played?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- HAS/HAVE + S + NOT + V3 + O.
Example:- kya tm nahi khel chuke ho?
Have you not played?
 D.Present perfect continuous:- ta rha hai, ti rhi hai, tai
rhe hai.
Formula:- S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- mein khaana khaata rha hu.
I have been eating the food.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- mein khaana nhi khaata rha hu.
I have not been eating the food.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- HAS/HAVE + S + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya mein khaana khaata rha hu?
Have I been eating the food?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- HAS/HAVE + S + NOT + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya mein khaana nhi khaata rha hu?
Have I not been eating the food?
 2. Past tense:-
I. Past indefinite:- tha, thi, the.
Formula:- S + V2 + O.
Example:- hum school gye the.
We went to school.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + DID + NOT + V1 + O.
Example:- mein coaching nhi aaya tha.
I did not come to coaching.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- DID + S + V1 + O.
Example:- kya tm school gye the?
Did you go to school?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- DID + S + NOT + V1 + O.
Example:- kya tm school nhi gye the?
Did you not go to school?
 II. Past continuous:- rha tha, rhi thi, rhe the.
Rule:- I, he, she, it, singular subject k saath (was) aayega.
You, we, they, plural subject k saath (were) aayega.
Formula:- S + WAS/WERE + V + ING + O.
Example:- mein school jaa rha tha.
i was going to school.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + WAS/WERE + NOT + V + ING + O.
Example:- mein school nhi jaa rha tha.
I was not going to school.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- WAS/WERE + S + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya tm school jaa rhe the?
Were you going to school?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- WAS/WERE + S + NOT + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya tm school nhi jaa rhe the?
Were you not going to school?
 III. Past perfect:- chuka tha, chuki thi, chuke the.
Rule:- sb k saath (had) lagta hai.
Formula:- S + HAD + V3 + O.
Example:- mein use peet chuka tha.
I had beaten him.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + HAD + NOT + V3 + O.
Example:- mein use nhi peet chuka tha.
I had not beaten him.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- HAD + S + V3 + O.
Example:- kya mein use peet chuka tha?
Had I beaten him?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- HAD + S + NOT + V3 + O.
Example:- kya mein use nhi peet chuka tha?
Had I not beaten him?
 IV. Past perfect continuous:- ta rha tha, ti rhi thi,
tai rhe the.
Formula:- S + HAD + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- wo sharaab peeta rha tha.
He had been drinking liquor.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + HAD + NOT + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- wo sharaab nhi peeta rha tha.
he had not been drinking liquor.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- HAD + S + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya wo sharaab peeta rha tha?
Had he been drinking liquor?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- HAD + S + NOT + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya mein guitar nhi bajaata rha tha?
Had I not been playing guitar?
 3. Future tense:-
a) Future indefinite:- ga, gi, ge.
Rule:- sb k saath (will) lgta hai.
Formula:- S + WILL + V1 + O.
Example:- mein school jaaunga.
I will go to school.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + WILL + NOT + V1 + O.
Example:- hum nhi pdhenge.
We will not study.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- WILL + S + V1 + O.
Example:- kya wo ghoomne jaayegi?
She will go to walk?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- WILL + S + NOT + V1 + O.
Example:- kya mein khaana nhi khaunga?
Will I not eat the food?
 b) Future continuous:- rha hoga, rhi hogi, rhe honge.
Formula:- S + WILL + BE + V + ING + O.
Example:- tm pdh rhe hoge.
You will be studying.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + WILL + NOT + BE + V + ING + O.
Example:- tm nhi pdh rhe hoge.
You will not be studying.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- WILL + S + BE + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya tm pdh rhe hoge?
Will you be studying?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- WILL + S + NOT + BE + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya tm nhi pdh rhe hoge?
Will you not be studying?
 c) Future perfect:- chuka hoga, chuki hogi, chuke honge.
Formula:- S + WILL + HAVE + V3 + O.
Example:- mein school jaa chuka honga.
I will have gone to school.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + WILL + NOT + HAVE + V3 + O.
Example:- mein school nhi jaa chuka honga.
I will not have gone to school.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- WILL + S + HAVE + V3 + O.
Example:- kya mein school jaa chuka honga?
Will I have gone to school?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- WILL + S + NOT + HAVE + V3 + O.
Example:- kya mein school nhi jaa chuka honga?
Will I not have gone to school?
 d) Future perfect continuous:- tar ha hoga, ti rhi hogi,
tai rhe honge.
Formula:- S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- mein cricket khelta rha honga.
I will have been playing cricket.

• Negative:-
Formula:- S + WILL + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- mein cricket nhi khelta rha honga.
I will not have been playing cricket.

• Introgative:-
Formula:- WILL + S + HAVE + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya mein cricket khelta rha honga?
Will I have been playing cricket?

• Introgative negative:-
Formula:- WILL + S + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + V + ING + O.
Example:- kya mein cricket nhi khelta rha honga?
Will I not have been playing cricket?