10/25/23, 9:04 PM Dual Phase steels

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Dual phase steels

Description
Dual Phase steels offer a good combination of strength and stampability as a result of their microstructure, in which
a hard martensitic or bainitic phase is dispersed in a ductile ferritic matrix. These steels have high strain
hardenability. This gives them not only good strain redistribution capability and thus stampability, but also finished
part mechanical properties, including yield strength, that are far superior to those of the flat metal. The yield
strength of Dual Phase steels is further increased by the paint baking (also called Bake Hardening, BH) process.

This high level of mechanical strength obtained in parts lends these steels excellent fatigue strength and good
energy-absorption capacity, making them suitable for use in structural parts and reinforcements. Their strong strain
hardening combined with a pronounced bake hardening effect gives them excellent potential for reducing the
weight of structural parts and even skin parts, especially in the case of CR290Y490T-GI-E Extragal® or Ultragal®.

Applications
Given their high energy absorption capacity and fatigue strength, cold-rolled Dual Phase Steels are particularly
well suited for the manufacture of automotive structural and safety parts such as longitudinal beams,
crossmembers and reinforcements.

CR290Y490T-GI-E Extragal® or Ultragal® steel can be used to make visible parts with 20% higher dent resistance
than conventional high strength steels, resulting in a potential weight saving of some 15%.

As a result of its mechanical strength, hot-rolled Dual Phase 600 can be used to reduce the weight of structural
parts by decreasing their thickness. Relevant automotive applications include:

Wheel webs

Lightweight sections

Strut mounts

Fasteners

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10/25/23, 9:04 PM Dual Phase steels

B-pillar reinforcement in CR590Y980T-DP-GI Extragal®

Bumper in CR900Y1180T-DP (thickness: 1.35 mm)

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10/25/23, 9:04 PM Dual Phase steels

Wheel web in HR330Y580T-DP Patented VersaStyle® wheel from Hayes Lemmerz International

ArcelorMittal has an extensive database on the forming and service properties of the entire range of Dual Phase
steels. To incorporate these steels at the design stage, a team of experts is available to carry out specific studies
based on either modelling or characterisation testing.

Designation and standard

Cold rolled steel Hot rolled steel

CR260Y450T-DP / DP450 CR290Y490T-DP / DP500 / FF280DP

Euronorms HCT450X (+ZE,+Z,+ZF) Euronorms HCT490X (+ZE,+Z)

VDA 239-100 VDA 239-100 CR290Y490T-DP (-UNC,-EG,-GI)

JFS JAC440W JFS

ABNT NBR DP450 / DPLZ-450 ABNT NBR DP500 / DPLZ-500

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10/25/23, 9:04 PM Dual Phase steels

CR330Y590T-DP / DP600 CR420Y590T-DP / DP600Y420

Euronorms HCT590X (+ZE,+Z,+ZF, +ZM) Euronorms

VDA 239-100 CR330Y590T-DP (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM) VDA 239-100

JFS JSC590Y JAC590Y JFS JSC590R JAC590R

ABNT NBR DP600 / DPLZ-600 ABNT NBR

CR440Y780T-DP / DP780Y450

Euronorms HCT780X (+ZE,+Z,+ZF)

VDA 239-100 CR440Y780T-DP (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA)

JFS JSC780Y

ABNT NBR

CR440Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y450 LCE CR500Y780T-DP / DP780Y500

Euronorms HCT780X (+ZE,+Z,+ZF) Euronorms

VDA 239-100 CR440Y780T-DP (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA) VDA 239-100

JFS JFS

ABNT NBR DP800 / DPLZ-800 ABNT NBR

CR500Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y500 LCE CR550Y980T-DP / DF140T

Euronorms Euronorms

VDA 239-100 VDA 239-100

JFS JFS

ABNT NBR ABNT NBR

CR590Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y600 LCE

Euronorms HCT980X (+ZE,+Z,+ZF)

VDA 239-100 CR590Y980T-DP(-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA)

JFS JSC980YL / JAC980YL

ABNT NBR DP1000 / DPLZ-1000

CR700Y980T-DP / DP980Y700

Euronorms HCT980XG (+ZE,+Z)

VDA 239-100 CR700Y980T-DP (-UNC,-EG,-GI)

JFS JSC980YH / JAC980YH

ABNT NBR DP1000-B / DPLZ-1000 AE

CR700Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y700 LCE CR800Y1180T-DP / DP1180Y800

Euronorms HCT980XG (+ZE,+Z) Euronorms

VDA 239-100 CR700Y980T-DP (-UNC,-EG,-GI) VDA 239-100

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10/25/23, 9:04 PM Dual Phase steels

CR900Y1180T-DP / DP1180Y900

Euronorms HCT1180G2 (+ZE)

VDA 239-100 CR900Y1180T-CP (-UNC,-EG)

JFS JSC1180YH

ABNT NBR

Euronorms VDA 239-100

Uncoated (EN 10338: 2015): Steel grade name Uncoated: Steel grade name-UNC
Electrogalvanized (EN 10338: 2015 + EN 10152 :2017): Steel Electrogalvanised: Steel grade name-EG
grade name+ZE Galvannealed: Steel grade name-GA
Galvannealed (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+ZF Extragal®: Steel grade name-GI
Extragal® (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+Z Zagnelis®: Steel grade name-ZM
Zagnelis® (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+ZM

LCE: Low Carbon Equivalent grade used to optimise properties in service.

The above table, for information only, summarises the cross-references between the ArcelorMittal product range,
European standards and VDA standard 239-100.

These cross-references are given for information only. ArcelorMittal steel grades generally offer tighter mechanical
properties (see table below).

Mechanical properties
Cold rolled steel Hot rolled steel

CR260Y450T-DP / DP450 CR290Y490T-DP / DP500 / FF280DP

Direction RD Direction RD

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 260 - 340 Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 290 - 380

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 450 - 530 Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 490 - 600

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 27 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 26

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 27 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 24

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 29 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 26

Min. BH2 MPa 30 Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6 n4-6 0.19

n10-20/Ag 0.16 n10-20/Ag 0.15

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CR330Y590T-DP / DP600 CR420Y590T-DP / DP600Y420

Direction RD Direction RD

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 330 - 440 Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 420 - 500

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 590 - 680

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 17

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 17

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 18

Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6 0.18

n10-20/Ag

CR440Y780T-DP / DP780Y450

Direction RD

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 440 - 550

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 780 - 900

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 15

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 14

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 15

Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6 0.15

n10-20/Ag 0.11

CR440Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y450 LCE

Direction RD

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 440 - 550

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 780 - 900

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 14

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 14

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 15

Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6 0.15

n10-20/Ag 0.11

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Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 590 - 700 CR500Y780T-DP / DP780Y500

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 21 Direction RD

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 20 Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 500 - 600

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 22 Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 780 - 900

Min. BH2 MPa 30 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 13

n4-6 0.18 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 13

n10-20/Ag 0.14 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 14

Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6

n10-20/Ag 0.1

CR500Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y500 LCE CR550Y980T-DP / DF140T

Direction RD Direction RD

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 500 - 600 Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 550 - 700

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 780 - 900 Tensile strength Rm (MPa) ≥ 980

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 13 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 8

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 13 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 10

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 14 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 10

Min. BH2 MPa 30 Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6 n4-6 0.08

n10-20/Ag 0.1 n10-20/Ag 0.06

CR590Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y600 LCE CR700Y980T-DP / DP980Y700

Direction RD Direction RD

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 590 - 740 Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 700 - 850

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 980 - 1130 Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 980 - 1130

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 11 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 9

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 10 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 8

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 11 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 9

Min. BH2 MPa 30 Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6 n4-6

n10-20/Ag n10-20/Ag

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CR700Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y700 LCE CR800Y1180T-DP / DP1180Y800

Direction RD Direction RD

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 700 - 850 Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 800 - 970

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 980 - 1130 Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 1180 - 1300

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 8 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 6

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 8 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 5

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 9 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 6

Min. BH2 MPa 30 Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6 n4-6

n10-20/Ag n10-20/Ag

CR900Y1180T-DP / DP1180Y900

Direction RD

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 900 - 1100

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 1180 - 1350

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 6

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 5

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 6

Min. BH2 MPa 30

n4-6

n10-20/Ag

A80mm %: Percentage elongation after fracture using a specimen with gauge length L0 = 80 mm (ISO 6892-1 type 2
(EN20x80))
A50mm %: Percentage elongation after fracture using a specimen with gauge length L0 = 50 mm (ISO 6892-1 type 1
(ASTM12.5x50) or type 3 (JIS25x50)
A%: Percentage elongation after fracture using a proportional specimen with L0 = 5.65 (So)1/2
Ag %: Percentage plastic extension at maximum force
BH2: Increase in yield strength between a reference condition after a 2% plastic pre-strain and the condition
obtained after heat treatment (170°C-20minutes)

Chemical composition
Cold rolled steel Hot rolled steel

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CR260Y450T-DP / DP450 CR290Y490T-DP / DP500 / FF280DP CR330Y590T-DP / DP600

Max. C (%) 0.14 Max. C (%) 0.14 Max. C (%) 0.15

Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.8

Max. Mn (%) 1.8 Max. Mn (%) 1.8 Max. Mn (%) 2.5

Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.05

Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01

Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0 Al (%) 0.015 - 1 Al (%) 0.010 - 1.5

Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2

Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005

Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15

Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4

CR420Y590T-DP / DP600Y420 CR440Y780T-DP / DP780Y450 CR440Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y450 LCE

Max. C (%) 0.15 Max. C (%) 0.18 Max. C (%) 0.10

Max. Si (%) 0.8 Max. Si (%) 0.8 Max. Si (%) 0.8

Max. Mn (%) 2.5 Max. Mn (%) 2.5 Max. Mn (%) 2.5

Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.05

Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01

Al (%) 0.010 - 1.5 Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0 Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0

Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2

Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005

Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15

Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4

CR500Y780T-DP / DP780Y500 CR500Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y500 LCE CR550Y980T-DP / DF140T

Max. C (%) 0.18 Max. C (%) 0.1 Max. C (%) 0.17

Max. Si (%) 0.8 Max. Si (%) 0.8 Max. Si (%) 0.4

Max. Mn (%) 2.5 Max. Mn (%) 2.5 Max. Mn (%) 1.7

Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.02

Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01

Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0 Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0 Al (%) ≥ 0.010

Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2

Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005

Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15

Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.0

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CR590Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y600 LCE CR700Y980T-DP / DP980Y700 CR700Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y700 LCE

Max. C (%) 0.11 Max. C (%) 0.23 Max. C (%) 0.11

Max. Si (%) 1.0 Max. Si (%) 1.0 Max. Si (%) 1.0

Max. Mn (%) 2.9 Max. Mn (%) 2.9 Max. Mn (%) 2.9

Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.05

Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01

Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0 Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0 Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0

Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2

Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005

Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15

Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.4

CR800Y1180T-DP / DP1180Y800 CR900Y1180T-DP / DP1180Y900

Max. C (%) 0.23 Max. C (%) 0.23

Max. Si (%) 1.0 Max. Si (%) 1.0

Max. Mn (%) 2.9 Max. Mn (%) 2.9

Max. P (%) 0.05 Max. P (%) 0.05

Max. S (%) 0.01 Max. S (%) 0.01

Al (%) 0.015 - 1.0 Al (%) 0.15 - 1.0

Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2

Max. B (%) 0.005 Max. B (%) 0.005

Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15 Max. Ti + Nb (%) 0.15

Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.0 Max. Cr + Mo (%) 1.0

LCE: Low Carbon Equivalent grade, used to optimise properties in service.

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10/25/23, 9:04 PM Dual Phase steels

CR330Y590T-DP

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10/25/23, 9:04 PM Dual Phase steels

The service properties of Dual Phase steels are guaranteed by manufacturing process control. The controlled
(temperature, cooling rate) annealing cycle in particular ensures that the Dual Phase microstructure is achieved
and mechanical properties are reproducible.

Global availability CR700Y980T-DP

Under development
Customer trials
Commercial unexposed only
Commercial exposed and unexposed

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10/25/23, 9:04 PM Dual Phase steels

CR260Y450T-DP / DP450

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR290Y490T-DP / DP500 / FF280DP

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR330Y590T-DP / DP600

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

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CR420Y590T-DP / DP600Y420

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR440Y780T-DP / DP780Y450

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR440Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y450 LCE

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

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CR500Y780T-DP / DP780Y500

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR500Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y500 LCE

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR550Y690T-DP / CR80Y100T

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

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CR550Y980T-DP / DF140T

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR590Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y600 LCE

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR700Y980T-DP / DP980Y700

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

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CR700Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y700 LCE

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR800Y1180T-DP / DP1180Y800

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

CR900Y1180T-DP / DP1180Y900

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

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HR330Y580T-DP / HR DP600

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Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

HR450Y750T-DP / HR DP780

Coating Global view EUR NAM SAM RSA CHI

Uncoated (-UNC)

Extragal® (-GI)

Ultragal® (-GI)

Galvannealed (-GA)

Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)

Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)

Electrogalvanized (-EG)

Jetgal® (-ZV)

Please enquire about the availability of products shown as being under development or left blank in the table.

LCE: Low Carbon Equivalent grade, used to optimise properties in service.

Forming
Dual Phase steels offer a good combination of strength and stampability as a result of their good ductility and
strain hardening capacity from the onset of deformation, which ensure uniform strain distribution and reduced local
thinning. For example, in the case of a Dual Phase 500 steel, the yield strength increases by about 120 MPa after
2% of plastic strain in uniaxial tension (a phenomenon known as work hardening or WH2). The yield strength can be
further increased through bake hardening (BH2) after paint curing.

CR290Y490T-GI-E Extragal® or Ultragal® steel can also be used to manufacture skin parts, as a result of its
excellent behaviour in expansion and in tension broadly.

Dual Phase steels can be drawn on conventional tools, subject to settings being optimised. For example, stamping
pressure should be increased by approximately 20% for a CR330Y590T-DP steel, compared to a micro-alloyed
(HSLA) type steel of the same thickness. It should be noted that these steels, especially the highest grades, are
sensitive to the so-called springback phenomenon. Component geometry must be carefully studied during design
(small die radius, reinforcement perpendicular to bends to stiffen open parts, etc.) and drawing sequence definition
(overbending, calibration tool, punch stroke, increased blank-clamping force, etc.).
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Forming limit curves for the Dual Phase family of steels (thickness: 1.0 mm) (ArcelorMittal model for Europe)

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Forming limit curves for the Dual Phase family of steels (thickness: 1.0 mm) (Keeler model for North America)

For more information about the forming of Dual Phase steels in special thicknesses and with special coatings,
please contact us.

Welding
Although Dual Phase steels are more highly alloyed than HSLA steels, they can be readily welded using
conventional resistance spot welding processes, provided the parameters used in industrial conditions are
adjusted. The table below gives examples, for information only, of some spot weld properties for Dual Phase steel
similar joints complying with the ISO 18278-2 standard.

Cold rolled steel Hot rolled steel

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CR290Y490T-DP / DP500 / FF280DP CR330Y590T-DP / DP600

Thickness (mm) 1.5 Thickness (mm) 1.5

Max. Si (%) Max. Si (%)

Nugget diameter (mm) 8 Nugget diameter (mm) 7.7

Pure tensile (kN) 14.2 Pure tensile (kN) 13.1

Weld diameter (mm) 8.8 Weld diameter (mm) 9.5

Tensile-shear (kN) 18.4 Tensile-shear (kN) 22.3

CR440Y780T-DP / DP780Y450 CR440Y780T-DP-LCE / DP780Y450 LCE

Thickness (mm) 1.5 Thickness (mm) 1.5

Max. Si (%) Max. Si (%)

Nugget diameter (mm) 8.9 Nugget diameter (mm) 7.6

Pure tensile (kN) 10.5 Pure tensile (kN) 14.3

Weld diameter (mm) 9.4 Weld diameter (mm) 6.6

Tensile-shear (kN) 25.6 Tensile-shear (kN) 22.7

CR590Y980T-DP-LCE / DP980Y600 LCE

Thickness (mm) 1.5

Max. Si (%)

Nugget diameter (mm) 8.4

Pure tensile (kN) 13.2

Weld diameter (mm) 10.1

Tensile-shear (kN) 30.4

For coated (galvanised and alloy galvanised) products, electrode service life tests show values characteristic of the
type of coating considered. The Dual Phase substrate does not affect the service lifespans obtained.

In butt or lap MAG (Metal Active Gas) arc welding, maximum hardness in the fusion zone does not exceed 300 HV
for a HR330Y580T-DP steel, whatever the parameters. The weld runs meet ISO 25817 Class B requirements.
Recommended welding consumables are:

Filler: G3Si1 NF EN 440;

Protective gas: Ar + 8% CO2.

Dual Phase steels have excellent mechanical strength in laser lap welding. Based on long shop-floor experience in
characterising its products, ArcelorMittal can provide technical assistance in adjusting the welding parameters for
Dual Phase steels.
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Fatigue strength
As a result of their high mechanical strength, Dual Phase steels exhibit good fatigue properties. Examples of Wöhler
curves for a variety of Dual Phase steels are shown in the two graphs below. The curves plot maximum stress versus
number of cycles to failure. They are calculated for two loading ratios: tension-compression R=-1 and tension-
tension R=0.1.

Wöhler curves or S-N curves for a variety of Dual Phase steels

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The graph below shows the oligocyclic fatigue or E-N curves for the same steels. The curves plot strain amplitude
versus number of reversals to failure (one cycle corresponds to two reversals). Other high and low cycle fatigue
data can be provided on request.

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ArcelorMittal can make a Dual Phase steel fatigue performance database available to its customers.

Impact resistance
As a result of their very high tensile strength, Dual Phase steels are particularly suitable for parts designed to
absorb energy during an impact.

Dual Phase steels have been characterised in dynamic axial compression tests using a top-hat structure with a
spot-welded closure plate at an impact velocity of 56 km/h. These tests have demonstrated the good impact
behaviour of these steels. The following graph gives, for information only, the minimum potential weight saving for
some Dual Phase steels compared with an HSLA 380 steel.

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Potential weight saving compared to a CR380LA steel (reference)

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