虚拟语气

语气的种类

1. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的（陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）

China is an Asian country.

2. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求、警告或命令

Please come here.

3. 虚拟语气：表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议、或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是

由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。

虚拟语气的用法

1. 用在简单句中，表示祝愿、命令

May you be happy.

May you have a pleasant journey.

2. 用在复合句中

名词性从句

if 引导的条件状语从句

用于宾语从句

1. wish 后的宾语从句，用“were-型”

对过去的虚拟→had done, would/could/might have done

I wish I had been with her last weekend.

对现在的虚拟→did, were

I wish I were a bird.

对将来的虚拟→would/could/might do

I wish she would be on my side.

2. 表建议、要求、命令等的词（advise, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest,

urge 等）后面从句用“should-型”，should 可省略

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

He ordered that the students wash their clothes by themselves.

He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.

His silence suggested that he agrees with my decision.

He suggested that I stick to my decision.

He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health.

He insists that he do morning exercises every day.

He asked us if we wanted to visit the Summer Palace.

He asks that he be given the chance.

用于表语从句/同位语从句

1. advice, demand, desire, order, proposal, requirement, suggestion 等词作主语/宾语，用“should-型”，should 可

My advice is that you (should) practice speaking English as often as possible.

He gave us some advice that we should pay attention to our pronunciation.

2. as if, as though 引导的表语从句，如果表示与事实或可能出现的事实相反的假设，用“were-型”

He looks as if he were his father.

He seemed as though he had known everything.

as if, as though 引导的从句也可用陈述语气

It is becoming dark. It looks as if it’s going to rain.

用于主语从句

It is + 形容词 / 过去分词 / 特定名词 + that 从句中，用“should-型”, should 可省

形容词：essential, important, necessary, natural, normal, strange, urgent等（一般表示个人对事件的反应）

过去分词：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested 等

特定名词：advice, demand, desire, order, proposal, requirement, suggestion 等

It is necessary that we (should) take a walk now.

It is important that we (should) take good care of the patient.

It is strange that he (should) not be prepared for this.

用于 if 引导的条件状语从句

条件状语从句 主句

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/should/could/might + have + 过去

分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去时（be 动词用 would/should/could/might + 动词原形

were，适用于各种人称）
与将来可能出现的事实相反 ①一般过去时 would/should/could/might + 动词原形
②should + 动词原形

③were to + 动词原形

与过去事实相反

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

与现在事实相反

If I had time, I would study French.

与将来可能出现的事实相反

If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.

I would certainly go with you if I should have time next Monday.

If I were to live my life over again, I would have you as my wife.

If it were to rain, I would stay at home.

If it rains, I will stay at home.

What do you think would be the value of the necklace, if I were to sell it?

What do you think is the value of the necklace if I sell it to you?

混合虚拟

有时条件状语从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

If I had followed your advice, I would be able to finish the work now.

If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

If I didn’t love her, I wouldn’t have married her.

If I hadn’t loved her, I wouldn’t have married her.

If I didn’t love her, I wouldn’t marry her.

含蓄条件句

1. 条件暗含在单词或短语中

What would I have done without you?

Without water or air, nothing could live.

It would be easier to do it this way.

But for you help, I couldn’t have finished my work on time.

The same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster.

2. 条件暗含在上下文中

You might stay here forever (if you wanted to).

We would have succeeded (if we had kept trying).

3. 习惯说法

I would like to come.

I wouldn’t have dreamed of it.

跳层虚拟

I’m free today, or I would come another day.

He turned up at last, or we would have had to find another time for a meeting.

He would put on weight, but he doesn’t eat much.

He couldn’t have bought that car, but he inherited a big fortune from his father.

虚拟语气的倒装

当虚拟语气 if 从句中含有 had, should 或 were 时，在书面语中可省去 if，将 had, should 或were 提到主语前，形

成倒装。

Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her.

Were she young, she would do it.

Should there be a good film tomorrow, I would go to the cinema with you.
与虚拟语气有关的结构

1. would rather + 宾语从句

I would rather you went with me. 表示愿望

I would rather everything had not happened. 表示懊悔

Cf. would rather do sth.

2. It is (high) time that sb. did sth.

It’s time that we left.

Cf. It’s time for sb. to do sth.

Cf. This is the first time that sb. have done sth.

3. if only “如果……就好了”，were-型

If only he had come!

If only I were taller!

If only the rain would stop!

Cf: only if “只有”

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.