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2019 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。

完形填空
Weighing yourself regularly is a won-
fluctuation n derful way to stay aware of any signifi-
cant weight fluctuations.
As for me, weighing myself every day
caused me to shift my focus from being
scale n
generally healthy and physically active
to focusing solely on the scale.
I had gained weight in the form of mus-
cle mass, but thinking only of lowering
alter v
the number on the scale, I altered my
training program.
I also found that weighing myself daily
accurate adj
did not provide an accurate depiction of
the hard work and progress I was mak-
gym n ing in the gym.

observe v The most immediate changes will be

observed in skill level, strength and
inch n inches lost.

bimonthly adj For these reasons, I stopped weighing

myself every day and switched to a bi-
schedule n monthly weighing schedule instead.

Weighing every other week allows me

significant adj to observe and account for any signifi-
cant weight changes.
I use my bimonthly weigh-in results to
nutrition n get information about my nutrition as
well.
intensity n

constantly adv
If my training intensity remains the
caloric adj same, but I'm constantly hungry and
dropping weight, this is a sign that I
intake n need to increase my daily caloric intake.

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overall adj The decision to stop weighing myself

every day has done wonders for my
fitness n overall health, fitness and well-being.

I’m experiencing increased zeal for

zeal n
working out since I no longer carry the
burden of a disappointing morning
burden n weigh-in.
Rather than obsessing over the scale,
turn your focus to how you look, feel,
focus n
how your clothes fit and your overall
energy level.

阅读理解 Text1

emerge v Unlike so-called basic emotions such as

sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a
grasp n little later, in conjunction with a child's
growing grasp of social and moral
norms n norms.

appease v They learn over time that such state-

ments appease parents and friends-and
conscience n their own consciences.

It is deeply uncomfortable-it's the emo-

equivalent n tional equivalent of wearing a jacket
weighted with stones.
“There has been a kind of revival or a
revival n rethinking about what guilt is and what
role guilt can serve," says Amrisha
Vaish, a psychology researcher at the
binary adj University of Virginia, adding that this
revival is part of a larger recognition
that emotions aren't binary-feelings that
advantageous adj may be advantageous in one context
may be harmful in another.
destructive adj Too much happiness can be destructive.

And guilt, by prompting us to think

more deeply about our goodness, can
prompt v
encourage humans to make up for errors
and fix relationships.

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Guilt, in other words, can help hold a

species n
cooperative species together.
glue n It is a kind of social glue.

Work by Tina Malti, a psychology pro-

compensate v
fessor at the University of Toronto, sug-
gests that guilt may compensate for an
deficiency n emotional deficiency.
In a number of studies, Malti and others
represent v
have shown that guilt and sympathy
may represent different pathways to co-
pathway n operation and sharing.
Some kids who are low in sympathy
shortfall n
may make up for that shortfall by expe-
riencing more guilt, which can rein in
impulse n thein nastier impulses.

assessment n Using caregiver assessments and the

children's self-observations, she rated
rate v each child's overall sympathy level and
his or her tendency to feel negative
transgression n emotions after moral transgressions.

Then the kids were handed chocolate

anonymous adj coins, and given a chance to share them
with an anonymous child.
For the low-sympathy kids, how much
inclined adj they shared appeared to turn on how in-
clined they were to feel guilty.
The guilt-prone ones shared more, even
prone adj
though they hadn't magically become
more sympathetic to the other child's
deprivation n deprivation.
“ We can be prosocial because we
prosocial adj
caused harm and we feel regret.”

阅读理解 Text2

hasten v
The climate change we are hastening
emit v could one day leave us with forests that
emit more carbon than they absorb.
absorb v
Thankfully, there is a way out of this
trap n
trap-but it involves striking a subtle

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balance.
involve v

subtle adj
Helping forests flourish as valuable
flourish v
“carbon sinks” long into the future may
require reducing their capacity to ab-
capacity n sorb carbon now.
California is leading the way, as it does
effort n on so many climate efforts，in figuring
out the details.
The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan
aims to double efforts to thin out young
brush n
trees and clear brush in parts of the for-
est.
This temporarily lowers carbon-carry-
temporarily adv
ing capacity.
draw v
But the remaining trees draw a greater
moisture n
share of the available moisture, so they
grow and thrive, restoring the forest's
thrive v capacity to pull carbon from the air.

restore v

landscape n
The landscape is rendered less easily
render v
burnable.
burnable adj
Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees
consume v
are consumed.
The need for such planning is increas-
urgent adj
ingly urgent.
drought n Already, since 2010, drought and in-
sects have killed over 100 million trees
wildfire n in California, most of them in2016
alone, and wildfires have burned hun-
acre n dreds of thousands of acres.

California plans to treat 35, 000 acres of

proceed n
forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by

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2030-financed from the proceeds of the

auction n
state's emissions-permit auctions.
That's only a small share of the total
acreage that could benefit, about half a
prioritize v million acres in all, so it will be vital to
prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or
drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that
woody adj
carbon in woody material removed
from the forests is locked away in the
lumber n
form of solid lumber or burned as bio-
fuel in vehicles that would otherwise
biofuel n run on fossil fuels.

wildlife n
State governments are well accustomed
to managing forests, but traditionally
watershed n
they've focused on wildlife, watersheds
and opportunities for recreation.
recreation n
Only recently have they come to see the
store v vital part forests will have to play in
storing carbon.

finalize v California's plan, which is expected to

be finalized by the governor next year,
governor n should serve as a model.

阅读理解 Text3
The complaints are unlikely to stop
overhaul n without an overhaul of immigration
rules for farm workers.
Congress has obstructed efforts to cre-
obstruct v
ate a more straightforward visa for agri-
cultural workers that would let foreign
straightforward adj workers stay longer in the U.S. and
change jobs within the industry.
If this doesn’t change, American busi-
loser n nesses, communities, and consumers
will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are
undocumented adj
undocumented immigrants.
As fewer such workers enter the coun-
characteristic n try, the characteristics of the agricultural
workforce are changing

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Today's farm laborers, while still pre-

dominantly born in Mexico, are more
predominantly adv likely to be settled rather than migrating
and more likely to be married than sin-
gle.
One oft-debated cure for this labor
cure n
shortage remains as implausible as it's
been all along: Native U.S. workers
implausible adj won't be returning to the farm.
Mechanization isn't the answer, either –
mechanization n
not yet, at least.
Production of corn, cotton, rice, soy-
soybean n
beans, and wheat has been largely
mechanized, but many high-value， la-
strawberry n bor-intensive crops, such as strawber-
ries, need labor.
dairy adj Even dairy farms, where robots do a
small share of milking, have a long way
automated adj to go before they're automated.

As a result, farms have grown increas-

ingly reliant on temporary guest work-
temporary adj
ers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps
in the workforce.
Starting around 2012, requests for the
sharply adv
visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016
the number of visas issued more than
issue v doubled.

numerical adj The H-2A visa has no numerical cap，

unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural
cap n work, which is limited to66,000 a year.

The process is cumbersome, expensive,

cumbersome adj
and unreliable.
One survey found that bureaucratic de-
bureaucratic adj lays led the average H-2A worker to ar-
rive on the job 22 days late.
compound v The shortage is compounded by federal
immigration raids，which remove some
raid n workers and drive others underground.

In a 2012 survey,71 percent of tree fruit

raisin n
growers and almost 80 percent of raisin

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and berry growers said they were short

berry n
of labor.
Some western farmers have responded
operation n
by moving operations to Mexico.
Little more than a decade later, the share
share n
of imports was25.8percent.

阅读理解 Text4

star v
They're part of a bunch of celebrities
single-use adj starring in a new video for World Envi-
ronment Day-encouraging you, the con-
staple n sumer, to swap out your single-use plas-
tic staples to combat the plastics crisis.
combat v

enact v
The key messages that have been put to-
gether for World Environment Day do
legislation n
include a call for governments to enact
legislation to curb single use plastics.
curb v
But the overarching message is directed
overarching adj
at individuals.
My concern with leaving it up to the in-
concern n dividual, however, is our limited sense
of what needs to be achieved.
They could even be harmful, satisfying
a need to have “done our bit” without
ever progressing onto bigger, bolder，
bold adj more effective actions-a kind of “moral
licensing” that eases our concerns and
stops us doing more and asking more of
those in charge.
While the conversation around our en-
ignore v vironment and our responsibility to-
ward it remains centered on shopping
bags and straws, we are ignoring the
imply v balance of power that implies that as
“consumers” we must shop sustainably,
rather than as “citizens” hold our gov-
sustainably adv ernments and industries to account to
push for real systemic change.

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acknowledge v It's important to acknowledge that the

environment isn’t everyone's priority-or
priority n even most people’s.

In her latest book, Why Good People

Do Bad Environmental Things ，
Wellesley College professor Elizabeth
collectively adv R. DeSombre argues that the best way
to collectively change the behavior of
large numbers of people is for the
change to be structural.

implement v
This might mean implementing policy
problematic adj
such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to
environmentally problematic action, or
ban v banning single-use plastics altogether.

altogether adv
India has just announced it will “elimi-
eliminate v nate all single-use plastic in the country
by2022.”
incentive-based adj
There are also incentive-based ways of
recycling n
making better environmental choices
easier, such as ensuring recycling is at
trash n least as easy as trash disposal.

disposal n
It’s just that individual actions are too
slow, she says, for that to be the only, or
primary adj
even primary, approach to changing
widespread behavior.
It's just about putting things into per-
perspective n
spective.
progressive adj

shape v We need progressive policies that shape

collective action, alongside engaged cit-
alongside prep. izens pushing for change

engaged adj

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新题型
McClain's little ones aren't the only kids
housing n who have an opinion when it comes to
housing, and in many cases youngsters'
views weigh heavily on parents' real es-
tate decisions, according toa2018 Harris
poll n Poll survey of more than2,000U.S.
adults.
buck v While more families buck an older gen-
eration proclivity to leave kids in the
proclivity n dark about real estate decisions, realty
agents and psychologists have mixed
realty n views about the financial, personal and
long-term effects kids' opinions may
agent n have.

The idea of involving children in a big

involve v
decision is a great idea because it can
help them feel a sense of control and
ownership n
ownership in what can be an over-
whelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a
overwhelming adj clinical psychologist in Chicago.
“Children may face serious difficulties
remove v
in coping with significant moves, espe-
cially if it removes them from their cur-
current adj rent school or support system,” he said.

broker n Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate broker

with Gagliardo Realty Associates，said
associate n he's not convinced that kids should be
involved in selecting a home-but their
convince v opinions should be considered in re-
gards to proximity to friends and social
proximity n activities, if possible.

Younger children should feel like

they're choosing their home-without ac-
attorney n tually getting a choice in the matter, said
AdamBailey, a real estate attorney
based in New York.
And placing too much emphasis on
ruin v their opinions can ruin a fantastic home
purchase.

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I wouldn't base the purchasing decision

solely adv
solely on their opinions.
The other issue is that many children-
especially older ones-may base their
issue n real estate knowledge on HGTV shows,
said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group
in Riverside, Calif.
shelter n It's not shelter, it's a lifestyle.

mindset n
With that mindset change come some
serious money consequences.
consequence n
Kids tend to get stuck in the features and
feature n the immediate benefits to them person-
ally, Norris said.
Parents need to remind their children
that their needs and desires may change
remind v
over time, said Julie Gurner, a real es-
tate analyst with FitSmallBusiness.com.
Harsh as it may be to say, that decision
harsh adj should likely not be made contingent on
a child's opinions, but rather made for
contingent adj them with great consideration into what
home can meet their needs best-and
give them an opportunity to customize
customize v
it a bit and make it their own.”
relevant adj
This advice is more relevant now than
ever before, even as more parents want
embrace v
to embrace the ideas of their children,
despite the current housing crunch.
despite prep.
Remarks that significant moves may
remark v
pose challenges to children.
Notes that aspects like children's friends
note v and social activities should be consid-
ered upon homebuying.
Assumes that many children's views on
assume v
real estate are influenced by the media.

翻译

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It is easy to underestimate English

underestimate v
writer James Herriot.
readable adj He had such a pleasant, readable style
that one might think that anyone could
imitate v imitate it.

While he obviously had an abundance

abundance n
of natural talent, the final, polished
work that he gave to the world was the
polished adj result of years of practising, re-writing
and reading.
Like the majority of authors, he had to
suffer v
suffer many disappointments and rejec-
tions along the way, but these made him
determined adj all the more determined to succeed.

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