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2018 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。

完形填空
Why do people read negative Internet
painful adj comments and do other things that will
obviously be painful?
Because humans have an inherent need
inherent adj to resolve uncertainty, according to a re-
cent study in Psychological Science.
In a series of four experiments，behav-
willingness n
ioral scientists at the University of Chi-
cago and the Wisconsin School of Busi-
ness tested students’ willingness to ex-
stimuli n pose themselves to unpleasant stimuli in
an effort to satisfy curiosity.
This is another new twist.（来自网易有
twist n
道词典）
Half of the pens would deliver an elec-
shock n
tric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told which
pens were electrified; another twenty-
electrified adj
seven were told only that some were
electrified.
When left alone in the room, the stu-
dents who did not know which ones
incur v would shock them clicked more pens
and incurred more shocks than the stu-
dents who knewwhatwould_8.
subsequent adj
Subsequent experiments reproduced
reproduce v
this effect with other stimuli, such as the
sound of fingernails on a chalkboard
fingernail n and photographs of disgusting insects.

chalkboard n
The drive to discover is deeply rooted in
drive n
humans, much the same as the basic

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drives for food or shelter, says Christo-

shelter n pher Hsee of the University of
Chicago.
Curiosity is often considered a good
instinct n
instinct-it can lead to new scientific ad-
vances, for instance -but sometimes
backfire v such inquiry can backfire.

insight n The insight that curiosity can drive you

to do self-destructive things is a pro-
profound adj found one.

These results suggest that imagining

determine v the outcome of following through(进行
到底；坚持完成 ) on one's curiosity
ahead of time（提前，提早） can help
endeavor n determine whether it is worth the en-
deavor.

阅读理解 Text1

justify v It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels

almost as though he has to justify his ef-
effort n forts to give his students a better future.

Mr. Koziatek is part of something pio-

pioneering adj
neering.
He is a teacher at a New Hampshire
high school where learning is not some-
practical adj
thing of books and tests and mechanical
memorization, but practical.
name v When did it become accepted wisdom
that students should be able to name
utterly adv the13th president of the United States
but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken
overwhelm v bike chain?

Nothing is necessarily gained by forc-

ing students to learn geometry at a graf-
graffiti v
fitied desk stuck with generations of
discarded chewing gum.

insidious adj
But he's also found a kind of insidious
prejudice.
prejudice n

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Working with your hands is seen as al-

inferiority n
most a mark of inferiority.
Schools in the family of vocational ed-
ucation “have that stereotype… that it's
academically adv
for kids who can't make it academi-
cally,” he says.
The job security that the US economy
evaporate v once offered to high school graduates
has largely evaporated.

headlong adj But the headlong push into bachelor's

degrees for all - and the subtle devalu-
subtle adj ing of anything less - misses an im-
portant point: That's not the only thing
devalue v the American economy needs.

In other words, at a time when the work-

ing class has turned the country on its
political head, frustrated that the oppor-
vanish v
tunity that once defined America is van-
ishing，one obvious solution is staring
us in the face.
diversity n When education becomes one-size-fits-
all, risks overlooking a nation's diver-
gift n sity of gifts.

阅读理解 Text2
While fossil fuels-coal, oil, gas-still
roughly adv
generate roughly 85 percent of the
world's energy supply, it's clearer than
renewable adj ever that the future belongs to renewa-
ble sources such as wind and solar.
The move to renewables is picking up
momentum around the world: They
momentum n
now account for more than half of new
power sources going on line.
Some growth stems from a commit-
commitment n
ment by governments and farsighted
businesses to fund cleaner energy
farsighted adj sources.
But increasingly the story is about the
plummeting adj plummeting prices of renewables, es-
pecially wind and solar.

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In many parts of the world renewable

principal adj energy is already a principal energy
source.
While the rest of the world takes the
notably adv
lead, notably China and Europe, the
United States is also seeing a remarka-
remarkable adj ble shift.

underline v President Trump has underlined fossil

fuels- especially coal-as the path to eco-
path n nomic growth.

In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed

dismiss v wind power as an unreliable energy
source.
But that message did not play well with
many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot
the fields and provide 36 percent of the
availability n state's electricity generation and where
tech giants like Microsoft are being at-
tracted by the availability of clean en-
ergy to power their data centers.
quick adj
The question “what happens when the
wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't
put-down n
shine?” has provided a quick put- down
for skeptics.
skeptic n
The advance is driven in part by vehicle
advance n manufacturers, who are placing big bets
on battery powered electric vehicles.
Although electric cars are still a rarity
massive adj
on roads now, this massive investment
could change the picture rapidly in com-
picture n ing years.
While there's a long way to go, the trend
spike v
lines for renewables are spiking.
The pace of change in energy sources
appears to be speeding up-perhaps just
meaningful adj
in time to have a meaningful effect in
slowing climate change.

阅读理解 Text3
The power and ambition of the giants of
upmarket adj
the digital economy is astonishing-

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Amazon has just announced the pur-

chase of the upmarket grocery chain
WholeFoodsfor$13.5bn，but two years
acquire v ago Facebook paid even more than that
to acquire the WhatsApp messaging
service, which doesn't have any physi-
cal product at all.
intricate adj What WhatsApp offered Facebook was
an intricate and finely detailed web of
detailed adj its users' friendships and social lives.

Even without knowing what was in the

enormously adv
messages, the knowledge of who sent
them and to whom was enormously re-
revealing adj vealing and still could be.
What political journalist, what party
makeup n whip, would not want to know the
makeup of the WhatsApp groups in
plot v which Theresa May's enemies are cur-
rently plotting?
Competition law appears to be the only
address v way to address these imbalances of
power.
clumsy adj But it is clumsy.

By the time a problem has been ad-

remedy v
dressed and remedied it may have van-
ished in the marketplace, to be replaced
abuse n by new abuses of power.
But there is a deeper conceptual prob-
conceptual adj lem，too.
That would be the people who buy ad-
vertising from them-and Facebook and
Google, the two virtual giants, dominate
virtual adj
digital advertising to the disadvantage
of all other media and entertainment
companies.
The product they're selling is data, and
convert v we, the users, convert our lives to data
for the benefit of the digital giants.
Just as some ants farm the bugs called
farm v
aphids for the honeydew they produce
when they feed, so Google farms us for
bug n the data that our digital lives yield.

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aphid n

predatory adj Ants keep predatory insects away from

where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps
spammer n the spammers out of our inboxes.

The ants analogy is used to illustrate the

analogy n relationship between digital giants and
their users.

阅读理解 Text4
To combat the trap of putting a premium
combat v
on being busy, Cal Newport, author of
Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success
in a Distracted World, recommends
distracted adj building a habit of “deep work"-the
ability to focus without distraction.
retreat n There are a number of approaches to
mastering the art of deep work-be it
ritual n lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific
task; developing a daily ritual; or taking
journalistic adj a “journalistic” approach to seizing mo-
ments of deep work when you can
seize v throughout the day.

She demanded an immediate explana-

immediate adj tion.（来自网易有道词典）

scheduling n Newport also recommends “deep

scheduling” to combat constant inter-
interruption n ruptions and get more done in less time.

At any given point, I should have deep

roughly adv work scheduled for roughly the next
month.
Another approach to getting more done
prioritise v
in less time is to rethink how you prior-
itise your day-in particular how we craft
craft v our to-do lists.
While the researchers assumed that the
well-structured adj
well-structured daily plans would be
most effective when it came to the exe-
cution of tasks, they were wrong: the
demotivate v detailed daily plans demotivated stu-
dents.

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render v Harford argues that inevitable distrac-

tions often render the daily to-do list in-
improvisation n effective, while leaving room for im-
provisation in such a list can reap the
reap v best results.

In order to make the most of our focus

and energy, we also need to embrace
downtime n downtime，or as Newport suggests，“be
lazy”.
idleness n
“Idleness” is not just a vacation, an in-
indulgence n
dulgence or a vice.
vice n
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of
psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,
psychiatry n believes this counterintuitive link be-
tween downtime and productivity may
be due to the way our brains operate.
“What people don't realise is that in or-
der to complete these tasks they need
circuit n
to use both the focus and unfocus cir-
cuits in their brain,” says Pillay.

desirable adj a desirable mental state for busy people

新题型

compliment n Pay a unique compliment.

skip v Skip the small talk.

You meet new people every day: the

grocery n
grocery worker, the cab driver, new
people at work or the security guard at
cab n the door.
You wanted to say something-the first
stuck adj word-but it just won't come out, it feels
like it is stuck somewhere.
I truly believe that once you get that
flow v first word out everything else will just
flow.

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Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of

rut n “hi”，“hello”，"how are you?” and
“what is going on?” you will fail to
jolt n give the initial jolt to the conversation
that can make it so memorable.
Imagine you are pouring your heart out
to someone and they are just busy on
multitask v their phone, and if you ask for their at-
tention you get the response “I can
multitask”.
So when someone tries to communi-
wholeheartedly adv cate with you, just be in that commu-
nication wholeheartedly.
When you make eye contact, you can
feel v
feel the conversation.
awkward adj Isn't that awkward!
When you remember such things you
investor n can automatically become investor in
their wellbeing.

翻译
A fifth grader gets a homework assign-
grader n ment to select his future career path
from a list of occupations.

tick v He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds

“scientist” to the list and selects it as
astronaut n well.

The boy is convinced that if he reads

convinced adj enough, he can explore as many career
paths as he likes.
And so he reads-everything from ency-
encyclopedia n
clopedias to science fiction novels.
He reads so passionately that his parents
institute v have to institute a “no reading policy” at
the dinner table.
Gates chooses nonfiction titles because
title n
they explain how the world works.
“Each book opens up new avenues of
avenue n knowledge to explore”，Gates says.

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