整理自：学长小谭

2010 考研真题单词（英语一）

说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。

完形填空

council n America’s National Research Council

It sent two engineers to supervise a
supervise vt
series of experiments.
It hoped they would learn how
lighting n shop/factory-floor （ 车 间 ） lighting
affected worker’s productivity.
The very act of being experimented
subject n
upon changed subjects’ behavior.
arise vi The idea arose because of the perplexing
plant n behavior of the women in the plant.

output n Their hourly output rose when lighting

was increased, but also when it was
dim v dimmed.
An awareness that they were being
alter vt experimented upon seemed to be enough
to alter workers’ behavior by itself.
After several decades, the same data
econometric adj
were subjected to econometric analysis.
The Hawthorne experiments had
in store another surprise in store.

on record Contrary to the descriptions on record,

no systematic evidence was found that
levels of productivity were related to
systematic adj changes in lighting.

peculiar adj It turns out that the peculiar way of

conducting the experiments may have
led to misleading interpretations of what
interpretation n happened.

Workers tended to be diligent for the

plateau n
first few days of the week in any case,

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

before hitting a plateau and the

slacken (off) vi slackening off.

alleged adj This suggests that the alleged

pin sth down “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.

阅读理解 Text1
inexorable adj
Perhaps the most far-reaching has been the
scope n inexorable decline in the scope and
seriousness of their arts coverage.
coverage n

marvel vi
To read such books today is to marvel at
the fact that their learned contents were
deem vt
once deemed suitable for publication in
general-circulation dailies.
circulation n
Stylish arts criticism was considered an
ornament n ornament to the publications in which it
appeared.
These men believed in journalism as a
calling n
calling.

casual adj casual style

layout n
elaborate layout
elaborate adj
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually
virtually adv
forgotten.
foremost adj
He was also one of England’s foremost
classical-music critics, and a stylist so
stylist n widely admired that his Autobiography
(1947) became a best-seller.
autobiography n
Yet only one of his books is now in print,
save prep and his vast body of writings on music is
unknown save to specialists.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

Moreover, the amateur tradition in music

retreat n
criticism has been in headlong retreat.
Postmodern readers have little use for the
upholster v richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in
which he specialized.
mournful adj mournful decline

prominent adj prominent critics

阅读理解 Text2

n
Thousands of patents have been granted
patent
for what are called business methods.
v
Merrill Lynch got legal protection for
allocation n
an asset allocation strategy.
They have been controversial ever since
authorize vt
they were first authorized 10 years ago.
In a move that has intellectual-property
move n lawyers abuzz，the U. S. Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it
abuzz adj would use a particular case to conduct a
broad review of business-method patents.
transaction n It involves a very big business transaction.
It has been dismissed by the Federal
dismiss v
Circuit.

curb n

claim n
Curbs on business-method claims would
be a dramatic about-face.
dramatic adj

about-face n
It approved a patent on a way of pooling
pool vt
mutual-fund assets.
ruling n That ruling produced an explosion in
business-method patent filings, initially
explosion n by emerging Internet companies.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

filing n

More established companies raced to add

established adj
such patents to their files.
IBM noted in a court filing that it had been
issue v issued more than300 business-method
patents.
They took positions in court cases
practice n
opposing the practice.
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent
hedge v on a method for hedging risk in the energy
market.
signal vt April, for example, the justices signaled
that too many patents were being upheld
uphold v for “inventions” that are obvious.

The judges on the Federal Circuit are

“reacting to the anti-patent trend at the
attorney n Supreme Court,” says Harold C.Wegner, a
patent attorney and professor at George
Washington University Law School
looming adj a looming threat

prevailing adj prevailing trend

阅读理解 Text3
In his book, Malcolm argues that “social
epidemic n
epidemics” are driven in large part by the
actions of a tiny minority of special
influential n
individuals, often called influentials, who
are unusually informed, persuasive, or well
informed adj connected.

compelling adj The idea is intuitively compelling.

supposed adj The supposed importance of influential

derives from a plausible-sounding but
largely untested theory called the “two-step
plausible adj flow of communication”.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

Marketers have embraced the two-step flow

embrace v because it suggests that if they can just find
and influence the influentials, those select
select adj people will do most of the work for them.

A cursory search for causes finds that some

small group of people was wearing,
cursory adj
promoting, or developing whatever it is
before anyone else paid attention.
Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely
anecdotal adj with the idea that only certain special people
can drive trends.
Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely
anecdotal adj with the idea that only certain special people
can drive trends.
celebrity n With the exception of a few celebrities like
Oprah--whose outsize presence is primarily
presence n a function of media.

cascade n
The cascade of change won’t propagate
very far or affect many people.
propagate vt

simulation n
The researchers studied the dynamics of
social influence by conducting thousands of
manipulate vt
computer simulations of populations and
manipulating a number of variables.
variable n

impulse n the impulse to influence others

阅读理解 Text4
Their rules, moan the banks, have forced
moan v/n them to report enormous losses, and it's just
not fair.
These rules say they must value some assets
regulator n
at the price a third party would pay, not the
price managers and regulators would like
fetch vt them to fetch.
Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems
lobby vi
to be working.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

The details may be unknowable, but the

independence of standard-setters, essential
compromise vt
to the proper functioning of capital markets,
is being compromised.
And, unless banks carry toxic assets at
carry v prices that attract buyers, reviving the
banking system will be difficult.
Yet bank shares rose and the changes
management n enhance what one lobbying group politely
calls the use of judgment by management.

evade v evade the pressure from their peers

And dead markets partly reflect the

paralysis n
paralysis of banks which will not sell assets
for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant
bargain n to buy all those supposed bargains.
The FASB and IASB have been exactly
that, cleaning up rules on stock options and
hostility n
pensions, for example, against hostility
from special interests.

invite vt
But by giving in to critics now they are
inviting pressure to make more concessions.
concession n

新题型
The first and more important is the
preference n consumer’s growing preference for eating
out.
It is expected to approach 38 percent by
approach vt
2005.

boost vi
This development is boosting wholesale
n/ demand from the food service segment by 4
wholesale to 5 percent a year across Europe.
adj
They tend to keep a tighter hold on （严格
alternative n 控制、紧缩）their purse and consider eating
at home a realistic alternative.
Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s
retail n
largest markets are at a standstill, leaving

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

European grocery retailers hungry for

At a standstill
opportunities to grow.
grocery n

The wholesale food and drink trade appears

trade n
to be just the kind of market retailers need.
Will such variations bring about a change in
variation n the overall structure of the food an id drink
market?

definitely adv Definitely not.

The functioning of the market is based on

functioning n flexible trends dominated by potential
buyers.

acclaim vt At any rate, this change will ultimately be

acclaimed by an ever-growing number of
domestic adj both domestic and international consumers.

profitably adv

gigantic adj
All in all, this clearly seems to be a market
in which big retailers could profitably apply
infrastructure n
their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure,
and proven skills in the management of
proven adj product ranges, logistics, and marketing
intelligence.
range n

logistics n

master v
Retailers that master the intricacies of
intricacy n wholesaling in Europe may well expect to
rake in substantial profits thereby.
substantial adj
Closer inspection reveals important
inspection n
differences among the biggest national
markets, especially in their customer
segment n segments and wholesale structures.
Big retailers must understand these
unseat vt
differences before they can identify the

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

segments of European wholesaling in which

entrenched adj their particular abilities might unseat
smaller but entrenched competitors.

sluggish adj Europe’s wholesale market for food and

drink is growing at the same sluggish pace
as the retail market, but the figures, when
mask vt added together, mask two opposing trends.

margin n

dynamics n
Changes in the competitive dynamics of this
fragmented adj fragmented industry are at last making it
feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.
feasible adj

consolidate vt
None of these requirements should deter
deter v
large retailers.
reap vt Those that master the intricacies of
wholesaling in Europe stand to reap
considerable adj considerable gains.

翻译
One basic weakness in a conservation
conservation n
system based wholly on economic motives
is that most members of the land community
community n have no economic value.

biotic adj
Yet these creatures are members of the
stability n
biotic community and, if its stability
depends on its integrity, they are entitled to
integrity n continuance.

entitle vt
We invent excuses to give it economic
invent v
importance.
Scientists jumped to the rescue with
distinctly adv
some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

that insects would eat us up if birds failed to

shaky adj
control them.
The evidence had to be economic in order
valid adj
to be valid.
roundabout adj
It is painful to read these roundabout
accounts today.
account n

Birds should continue as a matter of

intrinsic adj
intrinsic right.

Time was when biologists somewhat

overwork vi
overworked the evidence that these
creatures preserve the health of game by
preserve vt killing the physically weak.

exterminate vt No special interest has the right to

exterminate them for the sake of benefit,
fancied adj real or fancied, to itself.

Some species of trees have been “read out

of the party” by economics minded”
timber n foresters because they grow too slowly, or
have too low a sale value to pay as timber
crops.
flora n The interdependence of the forest and its
constituent tree species, ground flora, and
fauna n fauna is taken for granted.

self-interest n To sum up: a system of conservation based

solely on economic self-interest is
lopsided adj hopelessly lopsided.

It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts

assume vt of the biotic clock will function without the
uneconomic parts.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享