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2013 考研真题单词（英语一）

说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。

完形填空
At first glance this might seem like a
strength that grants the ability to make
unbiased adj 公正的，偏见的
judgments which are unbiased by
external factors.
But Dr Uri speculated that an inability to
speculate vt 推测，猜测 consider the big picture was leading
decision-makers.

sentence vt 宣判，判决 He had already sentenced five or six

other defendants only to forced
defendant n 被告 community service on that day.
To test this idea, he turned to the
admission n 允许进入，录用
university-admission process.
The interviewers had rated applicants
scale n 等级，级别
on a scale of one to five.
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the
previous candidate in daily series of
candidate n 应试者，投考者
interviewees was 0.75 points or more
higher than that of the one before that.
A candidate would need 30 more
otherwise adv 在另外的情况下 GMAT points than would otherwise
have been necessary.

阅读理解 Text1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears
version n 版本
Prada.
descend vi 下降，下去 Priestly explains how the deep blue color of
the assistant’s sweater descended over the
bargain n 便宜货 years from fashion shows to department
stores and to the bargain bin in which the
无疑地；确
doubtless adv poor girl doubtless found her garment.
定地
宪法的，立宪 Constitutional law is political because it
constitutional adj
的 results from choices rooted in fundamental

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基本的，根本 social concepts like liberty and property.

fundamental adj
的
发热的，焦躁 This top-down conception of the fashion
feverish adj
不安的 business couldn’t be more out of date or at
odds with the feverish world described in
indictment n 起诉书；控告 Overdressed ， Elizabeth Cline’s three-year
indictment of “fast fashion”.
label n 标签；商标 Mass-market labels
In the last decade or so, advances in
technology have allowed mass-market labels
anticipate vt 预期，期望 such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to
trends more quickly and anticipate demand
more precisely.
turnaround n 转变；转向
Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted
存货，存货清 inventory.
inventory n
单
These labels encourage style-conscious
可任意处理
disposable adj consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant
的
to last only a wash or two.
The victims of this revolution are not limited
victim n 受害人
to designers.
It must rely on low-wage overseas labor,
strain vt 滥用
order in volumes that strain natural resources.
Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion
roughly adv 概略地
garments a year-about 64 items per person.
Though several fast-fashion companies have
curb vt 控制
made efforts to curb their impact on labor.
exhibit vt 表现出；显示
She exhibits the idealism common to many
idealism n 理想主义 advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in
持续性；永续 energy.
sustainability n
性
vanity n 虚荣心
Vanity is a constant.
constant n 恒量

阅读理解 Text2
In the internet age, at least in theory, this
fraction n 部分
fraction can be much reduced.

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In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has

illustrate vt 阐明 illustrated the value to advertisers of such
fine-grained information.
清楚的；明确
explicit adj
的
Or should they have explicit permission?
permission n 允许，许可

browser n 浏览器 Internet browser

alliance n 联盟 The Digital Advertising Alliance

Human nature being what it is, most people
setting n 设置
stick with default settings.
horrify adj 使恐惧；惊骇 Advertisers are horrified.

comply vi 遵守；顺从 comply with...

There is no guarantee that DNT by default

guarantee n 保证
will become the norm.
Its other products favourably with Google’s
favorably adv 有利地
on that count before.

阅读理解 Text3

vision n 美景；幻象
Up until a few decades ago, our vision
of the future were largely -- though by
uniformly adv 一致地
no means uniformly -- glowingly
positive.
glowingly adv 白热地；灼热地

ill n 不幸；困难 Science and technology would cure all

the ills of humanity, leading to lives of
fulfilment n 实现，完成 fulfilment and opportunity for all.

utopia n 乌托邦 Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as

we have gained a deeper appreciation of
appreciation n 认识；理解 the range of threats facing us, from
asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to
asteroid n 小行星 climate change.
You might even be tempted to assume
流行的；传染性 that humanity has little future to look
epidemic adj
的 forward to.

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tempt vt 诱惑

gloominess n 悲观；沮丧
But such gloominess is misplaced.
misplace vt 放错地方
Many species have endured for millions
endure vi 持续
of years.
mechanical adj 机械的 Mechanical clock
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to
willfully adv 任性固执地 think about such lengthy timescales than
about the more immediate future.
dazzlingly adv 耀眼地 Dazzlingly complicated

envisage vi 想象 Many possibilities we can envisage.

fiction n 小说；虚构 It’ s perhaps best left to science fiction .

considerable adj 相当大的 But take a longer view and there is a

surprising amount that we can say with
assurance n 保证 considerable assurance.
To make evidence-based forecasts about
descendant n 后裔；子孙 the situations in which our descendants
will find themselves.
pessimistic adj 悲观的 This long perspective makes the
pessimistic view of our prospects seem
时尚；一时流行
fad n more likely to be a passing fad.
的狂热

rosy adj 美好的 To be sure, the future is not all rosy.

阅读理解 Text4

overturn vt 推翻，倾覆 In Arizona v. United States, the majority

overturned three of the four contested
contest vt 质疑，提出异议 provisions of Arizona’s controversial
plan to have state and local police
provision n 规定，条款 enforce federal immigration law.

Arizona had attempted to fashion state

parallel adj 平行的 polices that ran parallel to existing
federal ones.
deliberately adv 有意地；慎重地 On the overturned provisions the

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majority held Congress had deliberately

intrude vi 闯入，侵入
“occupied the field” and Arizona had
thus intruded on the federal’s privileged
privileged adj 享有特权的
powers.

verify vt 核实，查证 Arizona police would be allowed to

verify the legal status of people who
enforcement n 执行 come in contact with law enforcement.

conflict vi 冲突
But they disagreed about which Arizona
rules conflicted with the federal statute.
statute n 法规；法令

robust adj 强有力的 Robust defense

Some powers do belong exclusively to
exclusively adv 唯一地；专有地
the federal government.
In effect, the White House claimed that
invalidate vt 使无效
it could invalidate any otherwise
legitimate state law that it disagrees
legitimate adj 合法的
with.
rightly adv 合适地；恰当地
Every Justice rightly rejected this
值得注意的；惊 remarkable claim.
remarkable adj
人的

新题型

flourishing adj 繁荣的 The social sciences are flourishing.

The number of social-science students
swell vi 上涨，增加 worldwide has swollen by about 11%
every year since 2000.
enormous adj 庞大的，巨大的 Enormous resource

eradicate vt 根除 Humanity has the necessary

agro-technological tools to eradicate
artificial adj 人造的
hunger, from genetically engineered
fertilizer n 肥料 crops to artificial fertilizers.

paraphrase vt 解释 To paraphrase the great social scientist

Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical
destruction n 破坏，毁灭 innovation without creative destruction.

internal adj 内部的 Today, the social sciences are largely

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focused on disciplinary problems and

external adj 外部的 internal scholarly debates, rather than on
topics with external impact.
When social scientists do tackle pratical
tackle vt 处理
issues.
accumulation n 累积，积聚 An overall accumulation of knowledge
That should create more collaborative
collaborative adj 合作的，协作的
endeavors and help to develop projects
aimed directly at solving global
endeavor n 努力
problems.

翻译
One of these urges has to do with
turbulence n 混乱，迷惑 creating a state of peace in the midst of
turbulence.
神圣的；受崇拜 A scared place of peace, however crude
sacred adj
的 it may be, is a distinctly human need, as
opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly
crude adj 粗糙的
animal need.
composure n 镇静，沉着 Composure is a state of mind .
In so doing they give composure to a
inarticulate adj 沉默无言的 segment of the inarticulate environment
in which they make their stand.
The gardens of the homeless, which are
in effect homeless gardens, introduce
discernible adj 可辨别的 form into an urban environment where it
either didn’t exist or was not discernible
as such.
Another urge or need that these gardens
appear to respond to, or to arise from, is
intrinsic adj 固有地，内在的
so intrinsic that we are barely ever
conscious of its abiding claims on us.
道德败坏，自暴
demoralization n A demoralization of spirit
自弃
oppression n 压抑，沉闷 Until one day we find ourselves in a
garden and feel the oppression vanish as
vanish vi 消失；突然不见 if by magic.
不能实现的， The actual cultivation of plants is
unfeasible adj
难实施的 unfeasible.
implicit adj 含蓄的，隐含的 It is this implicit or explicit reference to

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synthetic adj 合成的，人造的 nature that fully justifies the use of the
word garden, though in a “liberated”
yearning n 思念，渴望 sense, to describe these synthetic
constructions. In them we can see
biophilia–a yearning for contact with
uncanny adj 神秘的 nonhuman life-assuming uncanny
representational forms.

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