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2013 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。
完形填空
考虑到，鉴于 Given the advantages of electronic
given prep.
（表示原因） money, you might think that we would
move quickly to the cashless society in
cashless adj 无现金的 which all payments are made electroni-
cally.
For example, Business Week predicted
means n 方法，手段
in 1975 that electronic means of pay-
ment would soon “revolutionize the
彻底改变，彻
revolutionize v very concept of money itself,” only to
底变革
reverse itself several years later.
First, it is very expensive to set up the
computer, card reader, and telecommu-
telecommunica- 电磁通信，远
n nications networks necessary to make
tion 距离通信
electronic money the dominant form of
payment.
Second, paper checks have the ad-
vantage that they provide receipts,
receipt n 收据，收条
something that many consumers are un-
willing to give up.
将……兑换成
cash v
现金 Third, the use of paper checks gives
开出支票者， consumers several days of “float” - it
issuer n
出票人 takes several days before a check is
cashed and funds are withdrawn from
account n 账户，户头
the issuer's account, which means that
写……的人， the writer of the check can earn interest
writer n 例句中即“写 on the funds in the meantime.
支票的人”
Fourth, electronic means of payment
concern n 担心，忧虑 may raise security and privacy con-
cerns.
未被授权的，
unauthorized adj
未经认可的
电脑黑客（私
hacker n 自存取计算机 We often hear media reports that an un-
中资料者） authorized hacker has been able to
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存取（计算机 access a computer database and to alter
access v
文件），获取 information stored there.
database n 数据库
The fact that this is not an uncommon
occurrence means that dishonest per-
事件，发生的
occurrence n sons might be able to access bank ac-
事
counts in electronic payments systems
and steal from someone else's accounts.
The prevention of this type of fraud is
no easy task, and a new field of com-
fraud n 欺骗，诈骗
puter science is developing to cope with
security issues.
There are concerns that government,
干扰，侵犯
employers, and marketers might be able
violate v （个人自由
to access these data, thereby violating
等）
our privacy.
阅读理解 Text1
称做……；定 In an essay entitled“Making It in Amer-
entitle v ica”，the author Adam Davidson relates a
名为……
叙述，讲述， joke from cotton country about just how
relate v much a modern textile mill has been au-
讲（故事）
tomated: The average mill has only two
textile n 纺织品，织物
employees today,“a man and a dog.
automate v 自动化
顽固地；倔强 Davidson's article is one of a number of
stubbornly adv
地 pieces that have recently appeared mak-
ing the point that the reason we have such
decline v 下降；衰退
stubbornly high unemployment and de-
clining middle-class incomes today is
衰退；不景
recession n largely because of the big drop in demand
气；后退
because of the Great Recession.
平均水平，一 But, today, average is officially over.
average n
般水准
It can't when so many more employers
access n 使用权，通路
have so much more access to so much
more above average cheap foreign labor,
机器人科学
robotics n cheap robotics，cheap software, cheap au-
（或技术）
tomation and cheap genius.
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Therefore, everyone needs to find their
extra-their unique value contribution that
extra n 额外的事物
makes them stand out in whatever is their
field of employment.
But there's been an acceleration.
acceleration n 加速，促进
指出，特别提
note v
到
去除；摆脱 As Davidson notes，“In the 10 years end-
shed v （已经不再需 ing in 2009, [U. S.] factories shed work-
要的东西） ers so fast that they erased almost all the
gains of the previous 70 years;
erase v 抹去，消除
以前的，以往
previous adj
的
But the one thing we know for sure is that
with each advance in globalization and
the I. T. revolution，the best jobs will re-
revolution n 革命
quire workers to have more and better ed-
ucation to make themselves above aver-
age.
In a world where average is officially
support v 支持，支撑
over, there are many things we need to do
to support employment, but nothing
would be more important than passing
ensure v 保证，确保 some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st cen-
tury that ensures that every American has
access to post-high school education.
阅读理解 Text2
A century ago, the immigrants from
immigrant n 移民，外侨
across the Atlantic included settlers and
旅居者；逗留 sojourners.
sojourner n
者
Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million
离开；出发，
depart v people arrived while about 2 million de-
启程
parted.
深情的；充满
affectionate adj
深情的 They even had an affectionate nickname,
（尤指给朋友 “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.
nickname n 或家人取的）
绰号，昵称
严格的；僵硬 Today, we are much more rigid about
rigid adj
的，死板的 immigrants.
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打烙印
brand v 于……；印商 We hail them as Americans in the making,
标于…… or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.
alien n 外国人
框架，骨架；
framework n
体系、体制
That framework has contributed mightily
mightily adv 很，非常
to our broken immigration system and the
麻痹；无力； long political paralysis over how to fix it.
停顿；（活
paralysis n 动、工作的能
力）完全丧
失，瘫痪
To start, we can recognize the new birds
兴旺发达，繁
thrive v of passage, those living and thriving in
荣，蓬勃发展
the gray areas.
violinist n 小提琴家
Crop pickers, violinists, construction
企业家；承包 workers, entrepreneurs，engineers，home
entrepreneur n health-care aides and physicists are
人
among today's birds of passage.
aide n 助手，助理
They are energetic participants in a global
participant n 参与者 economy driven by the flow of work,
money and ideas.
straddle v 跨立于；跨越
With or without permission, they straddle
laws, jurisdictions and identities with
jurisdiction n 管辖范围
ease.
identity n 身份
承诺，保证 We need them to imagine the United
（做某事、遵 States as a place where they can be pro-
commit v
守协议或遵从 ductive for a while without committing
安排等） themselves to staying forever.
为（某人）提 Accommodating this new world of peo-
供住宿（或膳 ple in motion will require new attitudes
accommodate v
宿、座位 on both sides of the immigration battle.
等），容纳
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Looking beyond the culture war logic of
right or wrong means opening up the mid-
dle ground（中间立场，中间地带） and
完成；实现； understanding that managing immigra-
accomplish v
达到 tion today requires multiple paths and
multiple outcomes, including some that
are not easy to accomplish legally in the
existing system.
阅读理解 Text3
有……倾向
prone adj 的；易于；倾
向于 Scientists have found that although we
仓促的、匆忙 are prone to snap overreactions, if we take
snap adj a moment and think about how we are
的
likely to react, we can reduce or even
eliminate v 消除；排除
eliminate the negative effects of our
直觉的、天生 quick, hard-wired responses.
hard-wired adj
的、本能的
Snap decisions can be important defense
mechanism n 机制
mechanisms.
But we need more time to assess other
assess v 评定，评估
factors.
To accurately tell whether someone is so-
preferably adv 较好，更适宜 ciable, studies show, we need at least a
minute, preferably five.
It takes a while to judge complex aspects
神经质，情绪
neuroticism n of personality, like neuroticism or open-
不稳定性
mindedness.
刺激
stimuli n （stimulus
的复数） But snap decisions in reaction to rapid
独有的，专有 stimuli aren't exclusive to the interper-
exclusive adj sonal realm.
的，独占的
realm n 领域，范围
Psychologists at the University of To-
ronto found that viewing a fast-food logo
prime v 使准备好 for just a few milliseconds primes us to
read 20 percent faster, even though read-
ing has little to do with eating.
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We unconsciously associate fast food
冲动，心血来 with speed and impatience and carry
impulse n
潮 those impulses into whatever else we're
doing.
Yet we can reverse such influences.
reverse v 颠倒；逆转
If we know female job screeners are more
screener n 筛选者
likely to reject attractive female appli-
cants, we can help screeners understand
bias n 偏见，偏爱
their biases-or hire outside screeners.
切下；把…… John Gottman, the marriage expert, ex-
分成部分； plains that we quickly “thin slice” infor-
slice v
将……切成薄 mation reliably only after we ground such
片 snap reactions in “thick slice" long-term
使接触地面； study.
ground v
打基础
When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess
whether a couple will stay together, he in-
僻静处，隐居
retreat n vites them to his island retreat for a much
处，休息寓所
longer evaluation: two days, not two sec-
onds.
减弱……的声
音；使……柔
mute v 和，例句中引 Our ability to mute our hard-wired reac-
申为控制，抑 tions by pausing is what differentiates us
制 from animals: dogs can think about the
future only intermittently or for a few
differentiate v 区分，区别
minutes.
间歇地，断断
intermittently adv
续续地
But historically we have spent about 12
contemplate v 沉思，思忖 percent of our days contemplating the
longer term.
We still have the imaginative capacity to
temptation n 引诱，诱惑物 rise above temptation and reverse the
high- speed trend.
阅读理解 Text4
法人的，公司 In particular, the corporate workplace
corporate adj
的 will never be completely family-friendly
高级的，地位 until women are part of senior manage-
senior adj 较高的，级别 ment decisions, and Europe's top corpo-
高的 rate governance positions remain
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压倒性地，不 overwhelmingly male.
overwhelmingly adv
可抵抗地
（公司或其他 Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of
机构的）董事 positions on European corporate boards.
board n
会，委员会，
理事会
legislation n 立法，法律
The European Union is now considering
legislation to compel corporate boards to
compel v 强迫，迫使
maintain a certain proportion of women-
up to 60 percent.
proportion n 比例；部分
授权；命令，
mandate n
指令 This proposed mandate was born of frus-
tration.
frustration n 挫折，挫败
But her appeal was considered a failure:
appeal n 呼吁
only 24 companies took it up.
定量，定额， Do we need quotas to ensure that women
quota n
指标 can continue to climb the corporate lad-
der fairly as they balance work and fam-
ladder n 阶梯
ily?
玻璃天花板，
指在公司企业 Quotas get action: they “open the way
和机关团体 to equality and they break through the
中，限制某些 glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a re-
glass ceiling n
人口群体（女 sult seen in France and other countries
性、少数民 with legally binding provisions on plac-
族）晋升到高 ing women in top business positions.
级职位的障碍
binding adj 有约束力的
I understand Reding's reluctance-and her
reluctance n 勉强，不情愿
frustration.
I don't like quotas either; they run
英才教育（制 counter to(违反，与……背道而驰) my
meritocracy n
度） belief in meritocracy, governance by the
capable.
obstacle n 障碍，干扰
But, when one considers the obstacles to
achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does
temporarily adv 暂时
look as if a fairer world must be tempo-
rarily ordered.
order v 命令，要求
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After all, four decades of evidence has
now shown that corporations in Europe as
逃避；规避； well as the US are evading the merito-
evade v
逃脱 cratic hiring and promotion of women to
top positions-no matter how much “soft
pressure” is put upon them.
顶点；最高阶 When women do break through to（突破，
summit n
层 突围） the summit of corporate power-
（强调真实或 as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently
precisely adv did at Facebook-they attract massive at-
明显）确实
tention precisely because they remain the
exception n 例外
exception to the rule.
适当的，合适 If appropriate public policies were in
appropriate adj
的 place to help all women-whether CEOs or
their children's caregivers-and all fami-
newsworthy adj 有报道价值的
lies，Sandberg would be no more news-
公正的，合理 worthy than any other highly capable
just adj 的；正直的， person living in a more just society.
正义的
新题型
按事件发生顺 The hugely popular blog the Skint
chronicle v
序记载 Foodie chronicles how Tony balances
救济金，补助 his love of good food with living on
benefit n benefits.
金
It gave me the validation and confi-
validation n 承认，认可
dence that I’d lost.
处理，应对 Now he's living in a council flat （英
field v （问题或意 国）公营公寓 and fielding offers from
见） literary agents.
冲动的；任性
impulsive adj
的 Impulsive spending isn't an option, so
原料；材料； plan your week's menu in advance,
ingredient n making shopping lists for your ingredi-
食材
准确的，精密 ents in their exact quantities.
exact adj
的；精确的
I have an Excel template for a week of
template n 模板，样板
breakfast, lunch and dinner.
It's also a good idea to shop daily in-
stead of weekly, because, being human,
fancy v 喜爱，想要
you'll sometimes change your mind
about what you fancy.
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This is where supermarkets and their
anonymity n 匿名，不知名 anonymity come in handy( 派 得 上 用
场).
embarrassment n 窘迫，难堪
With them, there's not the same embar-
蔬菜水果商； rassment as when buying one carrot in a
greengrocer n little greengrocer.
菜贩
And if you plan properly, you'll know
that you only need, say, 350g of shin of
冷却装置，冷
chiller n beef and six rashers of bacon, not what-
柜
ever weight is pre-packed in the super-
market chiller.
剩余物，残羹
leftover n
剩饭 Mine is filled with leftovers, bread,
stock, meat and fish.
stock n 高汤，原汤
Planning ahead should eliminate wast-
eliminate v 消除，消灭
age, but if you have surplus vegetables
剩余的，过剩 you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits
surplus adj threatening to “go off” will be cooked
的
预示凶兆， or juiced.
threaten v
有……的危险
节俭的；朴素 Everyone says this, but it really is a top
frugal adj
的；花钱少的 tip for frugal eaters.
Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers
deli n 熟食店 regularly, even for small things, and be
super friendly.
Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if
knuckle n 关节骨
they've any knuckles of ham for soups
and stews, or beef bones, chicken car-
casses and fish heads for stock which,
carcass n 尸体，兽体
more often than not, they'll let you have
for free.
Michelin- Michelin-starred restaurant 米其林餐
adj 米其林星级的
starred 厅
翻译
I can pick a date from the past 53 years
pick v 选择，挑选
and know instantly where I was, what
happened in the news and even the day
instantly adv 立即，即刻 of the week, I've been able to do this
since I was four.
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overwhelmed adj 不知所措的
I never feel overwhelmed with the
吸收，理解， amount of information my brain ab-
absorb v sorbs.
掌握
整洁地，整齐 My mind seems to be able to cope and
neatly adv 有序地，有条 the information is stored away neatly.
理地
敏锐的；激烈
acute adj
的 Powerful memory doesn't make my
生动的；鲜明 emotions any more acute or vivid.
vivid adj
的；逼真的
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