整理自：学长小谭

2019 考研真题单词（英语一）

说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。

完形填空

Today, we live in a world where GPS

systems, digital maps, and other
navigation n
navigation apps are all available on
our smartphones.
Few of us just walk straight into the
straight adv
woods without a phone.
battery n
But phones run on batteries, and
batteries can die faster than we realize.
die vi

compass n If you get lost without a phone or a

compass, and you literally can't find
trick n north，we have a few tricks to help
you navigate back to civilization，one
navigate vi of which is to follow the land.
The trail starts just outside the town.
trail n
(来自网易有道词典)
downhill adj Down(下)+hill(小山)

Humans overwhelmingly live in

overwhelmingly adv
valleys.

identify vt
You may be surprised how quickly
distinctive adj identifying a distinctive rock or tree
can restore your bearings.
bearing n
Climb high and look for signs of
habitation n
human habitation.
The area was covered in dense jungle.
dense adj
(来自网易有道词典)

glow n the glow of light pollution

Finally, assuming you're lost in an area
assuming conj
humans tend to frequent look for the

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marks we leave on the landscape.

frequent vi

landscape n

阅读理解 Text 1

regulator n Financial regulators in Britain have

imposed a rather unusual rule on the
impose vt bosses of big banks.

bonus n 整理自：学长小谭

clawback n claw back

He's a giant of a man.
giant n (来自网易有道词典)
Transient investors, who demand high
transient adj quarterly profits from companies，can
hinder a firm's efforts to invest in long-
term research or to build up customer
quarterly adv
loyalty.
This has been dubbed “quarterly
dub vt
capitalism”
equal adj.平等的
equity n
股份平均分→
stock n 整理自：学长小谭

predominance n dominance n.优势，支配地位

slightly adv Slight adj.轻微的 n.怠慢

Substance n.本质；物质；财产
substantial adj Sub(下)+st(站立)+ance(名词词尾)→站
在下面→本质→
Much more could be done to
disclosure n
encourage“ long-termism," such as
changes in the tax code and quicker
acquisition n disclosure of stock acquisitions.
Share v.分享→n.股份
shareholder n
股份持有者→

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Within companies, the right

compensation n
compensation design can provide
incentives for executives to think
beyond their own time at the company
incentive n
and on behalf of all stakeholders.

阅读理解 Text 2
inflate v.膨胀
inflation n in(入，向内)+flat(吹) →
But another, related force—a policy
catalog(ue) n
often buried deep in course catalogs
called “grade forgiveness” –is helping
forgiveness n raise GPAs.
re(再次)+take(拿起)
retake vt
再次拿起知识→
practice n
The use of this little-known practice has
accelerated in recent years.
accelerate vt

tuition n pay tuition

The transition from school to work can
transition n be difficult. (来自网易有道词典)
But now most colleges, save for many
selective adj selective campuses, allow all
undergraduates, and even graduate
undergraduate n students, to get their low grades
forgiven.
College officials tend to emphasize that
incur vt the goal of grade forgiveness is less
about the grade itself and more about
encouraging students to retake courses
critical to their degree program and
penalty n graduation without incurring a big
penalty.
Regist v. 登记
registrar n Registrar n.登记员→登记学生的老师
→

subsequent adj 整理自：学长小谭

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For public institutions，state funds are

metric n sometimes tied partly to their success on
metrics such as graduation rates and
student retention—so better grades can，
retention n by boosting figures like those ， mean
more money.

boost vt
So better grades can, by boosting
figures like those, mean more money.
mean vt

incentive n
On this, students’ and colleges’
incentives seem to be aligned.
align vt

阅读理解 Text 3
Even before the invention of the electric
bulb n
light bulb, the author produced a
remarkable work of speculative fiction
foreshadow vt
that would foreshadow many ethical
questions to be raised by technologies
ethical adj yet to come.
What is being called artificial general
intelligence machines that would imitate
evade vt
the way humans think, continues to
evade scientists.
Fascinate(v.) - fascinating(adj.) -
fascinated adj
fascination(n.)
depict vi de(下)+pict(picture，画)→

reproduce vt re(再)+produce(生产)→再生产→

Their reactions may be a complex

reflex n combination of instant reflexes, input
from past driving experiences，and
input n what their eyes and ears tell them in that
moment.
autonomous adj The coming use of autonomous
vehicles, for example, poses thorny
pose vt ethical questions.

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thorny adj

vision n
AI “vision” today is not nearly as
sophisticated as that of humans.
sophisticated adj
split v.分开 n.裂缝
split-second adj second n.秒
把一秒钟分开→

And to anticipate every imaginable

anticipate vt driving situation is a difficult
programming problem.

Whenever decisions are based on

agency n masses of data，“you quickly get into a
lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat
voluntary adj How，chief executive of a Singapore-
based agency that is helping the
government develop a voluntary code
code n
for the ethical use of AI.
guide(指导)+line(线，行)
guideline n
一行一行的指导→指导方针
pledge vi
On June 7 Google pledged not to
“design or deploy AI” that would cause
deploy vt
“overall harm,” or to develop AI-
directed weapons or use AI for
surveillance n surveillance that would violate
international norms.
norm n
So does that idea that decisions made by
transparent adj AI systems should be explainable,
transparent, and fair.

servant n a civil servant

阅读理解 Text 4

purchase n 整理自：学长小谭

The Supreme Court decision Thursday

dilemma n will put most online business in a
dilemma.

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overrule vt The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday

overruled a pair of decades-old
revenue n decisions that states said cost them
billions of dollars in lost revenue
annually adv annually.

over(超过，过度)+turn(翻转)
overturn vt
过度翻转→
Ware adj.知道的，明白的 v.小心→什
warehouse n 么东西要小心拿取→n.陶器，货物
Ware+house 装货物的房子→
Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the
flawed adj
previous decisions were flawed.
hind(后面的)+er(比较级后缀)→更后
hinder vt
面的→拖后腿→v.
Now, rivals will be charging sales tax
rival n
where they hadn’t before.

nationwide adv Nation+wide

Retail v.零售
tail 分割→detail，细节→细节就是把
整体分割成小块
retailer n re(再)+tail(分割)→把小东西再卖出去
→零售
+er(名词词尾，人) →
head(头)+ache(痛) vi.头痛→n.令人头
headache n
痛的事情→ n.
factual adj fact(事实)+ual(形容词词尾)

新题型
reason n.理由→道理→理智
reasoned adj +ed(形容词词尾)→
Humility requires you to recognize
weakness in your own arguments and
humility n
sometimes also to accept reasons on the
opposite side.
formulate vt formula(配方)+ate(动词词尾)→

Next time you talk with someone who

charitably adv
takes a stand，ask them to give you a
reason for their view. Spell out their
impartially adv argument fully and charitably. Assess its

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strength impartially. Raise objections

objection n and listen carefully to their replies.
Your prospects would be almost as
dismal adj dismal if arguments were even just
competitions like，say，tennis games.
He had an aversion to getting up early.
aversion n (来自网易有道词典)

yell vt yell at

needy adj need(需要)+y(adj)→

翻译
purport n.意义，主旨；意图
purport vi
v.

dietary adj diet n.饮食；食物；规定饮食

intriguing adj this intriguing and important question

It says that the problem is not merely
that people do bad science，but that our
advancement n
current system of career advancement
positively encourages it.
famed adj Famous(adj.)→famed(adj.)

Boiling down an individual's output to

simple metrics such as number of
ambiguity n publications or journal impacts，entails
considerable savings in time，energy
and ambiguity.

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