整理自：学长小谭

2014 考研真题单词（英语一）

说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。

完形填空
We suddenly can't remember where
we put the keys just a moment ago，
acquaintance n 相识的人，熟人
or an old acquaintance's name，or the
name of an old band we used to love.
occurrence n 发生，发生的事
As the brain fades, we refer to these
occurrences as “senior moments.”
senior n 老年人
While seemingly innocent, this loss of
无害的，无恶意 mental focus can potentially have a
innocent adj
的 damaging impact on our professional，
social，and personal wellbeing.
resistance n 抵抗力，耐力 Exercise routine requires you to
increase resistance and vary your
vary vt 改变 muscle use.

阅读理解 Text1

Chancellor n 大臣，长官 In order to "change lives for the better”

and reduce “dependency”, George
Exchequer n 英国财政部 Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
introduced the “upfront work search”
upfront adj 预先的，预付的 scheme.
有资格的，符合 Only if the jobless arrive at the
eligible adj
条件的 jobcentre with a CV，register for online
job search，and start looking for work
will they be eligible for benefit—and
fortnightly adv 每两周地
then they should report weekly rather
than fortnightly.
There will now be a seven-day wait
allowance n 津贴，补贴
for the jobseeker's allowance.
Never be so self-indulgent.
indulgent adj 放纵的，纵容的 切莫宽纵自己。（来自网易有道词
典）

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

What motivated him，we were to

understand, was his zeal for
zeal n 热心，热情 “fundamental fairness”.
不过我们要明白,真正激励他的是对
“基本公平”的热情
Worse, the crucial income to feed
feed vt 养活 yourself and your family and pay the
bills has disappeared.

instinct n 本能
But in Osborneland, your first instinct
is to fall into dependency.
dependency n 依赖性

unconditional adj 无条件的 整理自：学长小谭

This may affect your entitlement to co

拥有或获得某物 mpensation.
entitlement n
的权利 这可能影响你索赔的权利。（来自网
易有道词典）

阅读理解 Text2
All around the world，lawyers generate
hostility n 敌意，愤怒 more hostility than the members of any
other profession.
But there are few places where clients
充分的理由（常
ground n have more grounds for complaint than
为复数形式）
America.
During the decade before the economic
inflation n 通货膨胀（率） crisis ， spending on legal services in
America grew twice as fast as inflation.
The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full
skyscraper n 摩天大楼
of money，tempting ever more students
pile vi 蜂拥，拥挤 to pile into law schools.

妨碍公共利益的
nuisance n
行为 Many of them instead become the kind of
filer n 诉讼律师 nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort
system a costly nightmare.
tort n 民事侵权行为
One is the excessive costs of a legal
excessive adj 过多的，过分的
education.
法律专业，法律
the bar the bar exam 律师资格考试
界

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

sensible adj 明智的，合理的 Sensible ideas have been around for a

around adv 存在着 long time.

The state-level bodies that govern the

implement vt 实施，落实 profession have been too conservative to
implement them.
If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test
stern adj 严格的，严厉的 fora would-be lawyer，those who can sit
it earlier should be allowed to do so.
There is pressure for change from within
opponent n 反对者 the profession, but opponents of change
among the regulators insist that keeping
管理者，管理机 outsiders out of a law firm isolates
regulator n
构 lawyers from the pressure to make money
rather than serve clients ethically.
isolate vt 孤立，隔离 律师行业内部存在变革呼声,但监管人
员中反对变革的人坚持认为,禁止外行
ethically adv 合乎道德地 涉足法律事务所有助于律师远离挣钱
压力,而按照职业道德为委托人服务。

阅读理解 Text3
As a News Feature article in Nature
discusses，a string of lucrative awards
lucrative adj 利润丰厚的
for researchers have joined the Nobel
Prizes in recent years.
distort vt 扭曲，使失真 They could distort the achievement-based
peer-review n 同行审批 system of peer-review-led research.

cement vt 加强，巩固
They could cement the status quo of
peer-reviewed research.
status quo 现状
They perpetuate the myth of the lone
perpetuate vt 使持续
genius.
As Nature has pointed out before，there
are some legitimate concerns about how
distribute vt 分配，分散
science prizes - both new and old -- are
distributed”.
It's fine to be collaborative when seeking
input.
collaborative adj 合力的，协作的
在寻求输入时，合作是很好的选择。
（来自网易有道词典）

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

row n.一行，一排 →v.划船 →划船时

row n 争论，争议
桨会碰到一起→争吵，争论
Time, rather than intention, has given
legitimacy n 合法性，正统性
them legitimacy.
It is fair to criticize and question the
mechanism n 机制 mechanism.
对机制的批评和质疑都有其合理性
It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude
and grace.
grace n 优美，优雅
感激大方地接受此类赠与才是明智之
举。

阅读理解 Text4
I can affirm that no one will lose their
job
affirm vt 确认，证实
我可以肯定，谁都不会丢掉工作。
（来自网易有道词典）
Regrettably, however, the report's
regrettably adv 令人遗憾地
failure to address the true nature of the
crisis facing liberal education(人文教
address v 处理，解决
育) may cause more harm than good.
Among the commission's 51 members
are top-tier-university presidents，
scholars，lawyers，judges，and
prominent adj 突出的，杰出的
business executives，as well as
prominent figures from diplomacy，
filmmaking，music and journalism.
The goals identified in the report are
admirable adj 值得赞扬的
generally admirable.
Because representative government
presuppose vt 预先设定
presupposes an informed citizenry, the
report supports full literacy.
市民，公民（集 因为代议制政府预设知情公民,所以
citizenry n
合称） 报告支持全民教育,强调历史政体学
习。
The subjects of the curriculum form a
coherent whole.
coherent adj 连贯的
课程中的科目构成了一个连贯的整
体。（来自网易有道词典）
They don’t know the content and
deprive vt 剥夺，夺取 character of liberal education and are
thus deprived of its benefits.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

inquiry n 调查，质询 Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home

on campus has been replaced by the use
vehicle n 工具，传播媒介 of the humanities and social sciences as
vehicles for publicizing “progressive,”
progressive adj 进步的 or left-liberal propaganda.
He has worked hard in recent months to
portray New York in a better light.
portray vt 描述，描绘 最近几个月他一直努力工作要从一个
更好的角度描绘纽约。 （来自网易有道
词典）
Yet its report may well set back reform
obscure vt 掩盖
by obscuring the depth and breadth of
the challenge that Congress asked it to
illuminate vt 阐明，说明
illuminate”.

新题型
These archaeological findings are part
of the national patrimony.
archaeological adj 考古学的
这些考古发现属于国家文物。（来自
网易有道词典）
pyramid n 金字塔 整理自：学长小谭
Olduvai Gorge，an early hominid site
hominid adj 人科的 in Tanzania，was found by a butterfly
hunter who literally fell into its deep
valley in 1911.
按照原义，根据 奥杜威峡谷,一处位于坦桑尼亚的史
literally adv 前人类遗址,是在 1911 年被一个确实
字面意思
掉进这条深谷的捕蝶人发现的。
ornate adj 华丽的，豪华的 The researchers mapped not only the
city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas,
ceremonial adj 礼仪的，仪式的 but also hundreds of simpler apartment
complexes where common people
complex n 综合楼群 lived.
In one case，many researchers working
dwelling n 住所，住处 around the ancient Maya city of Copan,
Honduras, have located hundreds of
small rural villages and individual
aerial adj 航空的，空中的 dwellings by using aerial photographs
and by making surveys on foot.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

The system is in imminent danger of

collapse.
collapse vt 陷落，垮塌
这个体制面临着崩溃的危险（来自网
易有道词典）
The people thought that the pharaoh
was a god.
pharaoh n 法老
人们曾认为法老是神。（来自网易有
道词典）
Carter sifted through rubble in the
sift vt 精选，筛查 Valley of the Kings for seven years
before he located the tomb in 1922.
卡特花了七年时间仔细考察帝王谷的
rubble n 碎石，瓦砾 碎石瓦砾,直到 1922 年才勘定陵墓的
位置。
In the late 1800s British archaeologist
comb vt 梳理，彻底搜查 Sir Arthur Evans combed antique
dealers' stores in Athens, Greece.
antique n 古董，古玩 19 世纪末,英国考古学家阿瑟·埃文斯
爵士将希腊雅典古董商店搜寻个遍。
He was searching for tiny engraved
engrave vt 雕刻，镌刻
seals attributed to the ancient
Mycenaean culture that dominated
seal n 印章
Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC.
pinpoint vt 精准定位 pin(针)+point(点)→非常精准地定位

翻译

poetic adj 富有诗意的

It might be poetic, philosophical,
sensual, or mathematical, but in any case
sensual adj 肉体上的 it must, in my view, have something to
do with the soul of the human being.
mathematical adj 有关数学的
But the means of expression is purely
exclusively adv 仅仅，唯独
and exclusively physical.
articulate vt 说清楚 It is also the reason why when we try to
describe music with words, all we can
grasp vt 领会，理解 do is articulate our reactions to it and
not grasp music itself.
principally adv 主要地 Beethoven's importance in music has
been principally defined by the
revolutionary adj 革命性的 revolutionary nature of his

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享
 整理自：学长小谭

compositions.
composition n 作曲，创作 贝多芬在音乐上的重要性主要体现在
其作品的革命性方面。
hitherto adv 迄今 He freed music from hitherto prevailing
conventions of harmony and structure.
prevailing adj 普遍的，盛行的
他将音乐从至今依然流行的和声与结
构常规中解放了出来。
convention n 常规，惯例

abrupt adj 突然的，意外的 The music is abrupt and seemingly

disconnected，as in the last piano
sonata n 奏鸣曲 sonata.
Beethoven's habit of increasing the
volume with an extreme intensity and
then abruptly following it with a
sudden soft passage was only rarely
intensity n 强度 used by composers before him.
贝多芬惯以超凡的力度加大音响,随
后突然进入一个意想不到的柔和乐
段,这种手法在前人的作品中极为罕
见。
chaos n 混乱，紊乱 Beethoven's music tends to move from
chaos to order as if order were an
imperative n 必要的事 imperative of human existence.
使痛苦，造成麻 plague
plague vt
烦 n.瘟疫，传染病→灾祸→v.使痛苦
elevation n 提升 Spiritual elevation 精神提升
One could interpret much of the work of
Beethoven by saying that suffering is
render vt 使得
inevitable，but the courage to fight it
renders life worth living.

公众号【学长小谭考研】免费分享