整理自：学长小谭

2015 考研真题单词（英语一）

说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。

完形填空

proceeding n proceed v.开始行动，开展

The study is a genome -wide analysis
conducted on 1,932 unique subjects which
conduct vt
compared pairs of unrelated friends and
unrelated strangers.
most people do not even know their
kin n
fourth cousins but somehow manage
to select as friends the people who
resemble vt
resemble our kin.
The study also found that the genes for
immunity n smell were something shared in
friends but not genes for immunity.

mechanism n There could be many mechanisms

working together that drive us in
functional adj choosing genetically similar friends
rather than “functional kinship” of
kinship n being friends with benefits!
One of the remarkable findings of the
evolve vi study was that the similar genes seem
to be evolving faster than other genes.
extract v. 提取，取出
extraction n
extraction n.提取，血统→
Ethnic tensions among the
ethnic adj republics could lead to civil war.
（来自网易有道词典）

阅读理解 Text1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted
abdicate vi “kings don't abdicate, they die in their
sleep.”
scandal n But embarrassing scandals and the

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eat one’s popularity of the republican left in the

words recent Euro-elections have forced him
to eat his words and stand down.
stand down
Does that mean the writing is on the
magnificent adj wall(厄运临头的预兆已经显露，指某
事物很可能即将消失或某人即将失
败) for all European royals, with their
majestic adj magnificent uniforms and majestic
lifestyles?
polarize vt When public opinion is particularly
polarized, as it was following the end of
regime n the Franco regime, monarchs can rise
above “mere” politics and “embody” a
embody vt spirit of national unity.

It is this apparent transcendence of

transcendence n politics that explains monarchs’
continuing popularity as heads of state.
absolute adj.绝对的；完全的；专制的
absolutist n →去 e 加 list
Even so, kings and queen s undoubtedly
downside n
have a downside.
Symbolic of national unity as they claim
symbolic adj to be, their very history—and
sometimes the way they behave today—
outdated adj embodies outdated and indefensible
privileges and inequalities.
bizarre adj
It is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic
aristocratic adj families should still be the symbolic
heart of modern democratic states.
democratic adj

The most successful monarchies strive

strive vi to abandon or hide their old aristocratic
ways.
heel n.脚后跟
well-heeled adj
穿着一直包装到脚后跟→
The danger will come with Charles，
who has both an expensive taste of
hierarchical adj
lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view
of the world.

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republican n republic n.共和国，共和政体

阅读理解 Text2
They issued a warrant for her arrest.
warrant n
（来自网易有道词典）
refrain vt

sweeping adj
California has asked the justices to
upset vt refrain from a sweeping ruling,
particularly one that upsets the old
assumption n assumption that authorities may search
through the possessions of suspects at
possession n the time of their arrest.

suspect n

arrest n

recklessly adv
The court would be recklessly modest if
it followed California’s advice.
modest adj
The jury found for the defendant.
defendant n
（来自网易有道词典）
discard vt
They should start by discarding
California's lame argument that …
lame adj
Thornburgh said such demands wouldn't
violate vt violate the First Amendment.
（来自网易有道词典）
A smartphone may contain an arrestee's
reading history，financial history，
correspondence n
medical history and comprehensive
records of recent correspondence.
Citizens still have a right to expect
private documents to remain private and
prohibition n
protected by the Constitution's
prohibition on unreasonable searches.

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Burden(负担)+some
burdensome adj
负担着一些东西→

erase vt erase n.橡皮→v.

But the justices should not swallow

swallow vt
California’s argument whole.

disruptive adj 整理自：学长小谭

Orin Kerr，a law professor, compares

explosion n
the explosion and accessibility of digital
information in the 21st century with the
accessibility n
establishment of automobile use as a
virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The
virtual adj
justices had to specify novel rules for
the new personal domain of the
specify vt passenger car then; they must sort out
how the Fourth Amendment applies to
domain n digital information now.

阅读理解 Text3
The journal Science is adding an extra
journal n
round of statistical checks to its peer-
review process，editor-in-chief Marcia
statistical adj McNutt announced today.
Edit v.编辑，校订
editorial n Edit(编辑)+or(名词词尾，人)+ial(形
容词词尾) →adj.编辑的，社论的→n.
panel n The SBoRE panel will then find
external statisticians to review these
statistician n manuscripts.
SBoRE：statistics board of reviewing
manuscript n editors 统计评审编辑委员会

There are various reasons that

impel vt impel me to that conclusion.
（来自网易有道词典）

primarily adv
he expects the board to " play primarily
an advisory role.”
advisory adj

foresight n Fore(在前)+sight(看，视野)→

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John Ioannidis，a physician who

methodology n
studies research methodology，says
that the policy is “ a most welcome step
overdue adj forward” and“ long overdue”.

alarmingly adv alarm n.警报 v.警告→alarming adj.

Researchers should improve their

literate adj standards，he wrote in 2012，but
journals should also take a tougher
line，“engaging reviewers who are
verify v statistically literate and editors who can
verify the process”.
The argument seemed to have
merit n considerable merit.
（来自网易有道词典）

阅读理解 Text4

unsettling adj
Two years ago, Elisabeth spoke of the
dearth n “unsettling dearth of integrity across so
many of our institutions”.
integrity n
Integrity had collapsed, she argued，
collapse v
because of a collective acceptance that
the only “ sorting mechanism” in
collective adj society should be profit and the market.

wound vi wound n.伤口，损害 →v.

As the hacking trial concludes—finding

conspire vi guilty one ex-editor of the News of the
World ,Andy Coulson，for conspiring
to hack phones, and finding his
predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent
predecessor n of the same charge—the wider issue of
dearth of integrity still stands.
One of the astonishing revelations was
revelation n how little Rebekah Brooks knew of
what went on in her newsroom, how
little she thought to ask and the fact that
inquire vt she never inquired how the stories
arrived.

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The core of her successful defence was

defence n
that she knew nothing.
In today's world，it has become normal
that well-paid executives should not be
accountable adj
accountable for what happens in the
organizations that they run.
For a generation，the collective
doctrine n doctrine has been that the sorting
mechanism of society should be profit.
flexibility n The words that have mattered are
efficiency, flexibility, shareholder
shareholder n value, business-friendly, wealth
generation, sales, impact and, in
circulation n newspapers，circulation.

Words degraded to the margin , have

degrade vt
been justice, fairness，tolerance，
proportionality and accountability.
proportionality n
The purpose of editing the News of the
betray vt World was not to promote reader
understanding，to be fair in what was
humanity n written or to betray any common
humanity.
It was to ruin lives in the quest for
quest n
circulation and impact.
Ms Brooks may or may not have had
suspicion n suspicions about how her journalists got
their stories, but she asked no questions,
gave no instructions—nor received
traceable adj
traceable, recorded answers.

新题型
utter v.发出，表达；发射
utterance n His every utterance will be scrutinized.
（来自网易有道词典）
The ways of reading indicated here are
indicate vt
without doubt kinds of comprehension.
But they show comprehension to consist
not just of passive assimilation but of
assimilation n
active engagement in inference and
problem-solving.

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Conceived in this way, comprehension

conceive vt will not follow exactly the same track
for each reader.
Sections for subjects such as history,
retrieval n technology or fiction might make their
retrieval easier.（来自网易有道词典）
Ideally, different kinds of reading
inform each other, and act as useful
counterbalance n
reference points for and counterbalances
to one another.
Together，they make up the reading
component of your overall literacy, or
literacy n
relationship to your surrounding textual
environment.
1f you are unfamiliar with words or
idiom n idioms, you guess at their meaning,
using clues presented in the context.
Mouth(嘴巴)+piece(片)
mouthpiece n
嘴巴里的一片东西→ →
Look for cues about how others
perceive vt perceive you.（来自网易有道词典）

翻译
This movement, driven by powerful and
wilderness n diverse motivations, built a nation out
of a wilderness and by its nature, shaped
uncharted adj the character and destiny of an
uncharted continent.
The United States is the product of two
principal forces—the immigration of
European peoples with their varied
trait n ideas， customs, and national
characteristics and the impact of a new
country which modified these traits.
Of necessity, colonial America was a
projection n
projection of Europe.
But the force of geographic conditions
peculiar adj peculiar to America, the interplay of the
varied national groups upon one
another, and the sheer difficulty of
maintaining old-world ways in a raw,
sheer adj new continent caused significant
changes.

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The sector is thriving again.

thriving adj
（来自网易有道词典）
allot vt 整理自：学长小谭

unbearably adv bear v.忍受

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