整理自：学长小谭
2011 考研真题单词（英语一）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。
完形填空
precious adj A bodily exercise precious to health.
Laughing probably has little influence
fitness n
on physical fitness.
blood vessel Laughter does produce short-term
changes in the function of the heart
oxygen n
and its blood vessels, boosting heart
consumption n rate and oxygen consumption.
But because hard laughter is difficult to
sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have
jogging n
measurable benefits the way, say,
walking or jogging does.
strain vt In fact, instead of straining muscles to
build them,as exercise does, laughter
apparently adv apparently accomplishes the opposite.
Decreasing muscle tone for up to 45
die down
minutes after the laugh dies town.
Such bodily reaction might
conceivably adv conceivably help moderate the effects
of psychological stress.
Anyway, the act of laughing probably
feedback n
does produce other types of physical
feedback that improve an individual’s
state n
emotional state.
enthusiastically adv Those forced to exercise their smiling
muscles reacted more enthusiastically
contract vt
to funny cartoons than did those whose
frown n mouths were contracted in a frown.
阅读理解 Text1
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For the most part, the response has been
favorable adj
favorable, to say the least.
“Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony
sober-side adj Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-
music critic.
One of the reasons is that Gilbert is
comparatively adv
comparatively little known.
unpretentious adj
Even Tommasini calls him “an
formidable adj unpretentious musician with no air of the
formidable conductor about him.”
conductor n
As a description of the next music
director of an orchestra that has hitherto
hitherto adv
been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler
and Pierre Boulez.
To be sure,he performs an impressive
composition n
variety of interesting compositions.
devoted adj
Devoted concertgoers who reply that
concertgoer n recordings are no substitute for live
performance are missing the point.
substitute n
Classical instrumentalists must compete
troupe n
not only with opera houses, dance tropes.
“A markedly different ,more vibrant
markedly adv
organization.”
阅读理解 Text2
His explanation was surprisingly straight
straight adj
up.
cloak vt Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual
vague adj vague excuses, he came right out.
Broadcasting his ambition was “very
broadcast vt
much my decision,” McGee says.
Within two weeks, he was talking for the
board n first time with the board of Hartford
Financial Sevices Group.
It also sent a clear message to the outside
aspiration n
world about his aspirations.
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In recent weeks the NO.2 executives at
Avon and American Express quit with
executive n
the explanation that they were looking
for a CEO post.
As boards scrutinize succession plans in
scrutinize vt
response to shareholder pressure,
executives who don’t get the nod also
succession n
may wish to move on.
I had to have a boat that could handle
turbulent adj
turbulent seas.（来自网易有道词典）
cautious adj
A turbulent business environment also
pronoun- has senior managers cautious of letting
n
cement vague pronouncements cloud their
reputations.
cloud vt
In the third quarter,CEO turnover was
turnover n down 23% from a year ago as nervous
boards stuck with the leader they had.
As the economy picks up,opportunities
abound vi
will abound for aspiring leaders.
headhunter n 整理自：学长小谭
instruct vt I can’t think of a single search I’ve done
where a board has not instructed me to
sitting adj look at sitting CEOs first.
recruiter n
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is
fading for top performers.
disgrace n
The supposed importance of influential
supposed adj
derives from a plausible-sounding but
largely untested theory called the “two-
plausible adj
step flow of communication”.
阅读理解 Text3
exploit vt
Companies today can exploit many
alternative forms of media.
alternative adj
leverage vt A company may leverage “owned”
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media by sending e-mail alerts about
alert n products and sales to customers
registered with its Web site.
For earned media,such marketers act as
initiator n
the initiator for users’responses.
We define such sold media as owned
define vt media whose traffic is so strong that
other organizations place their content
traffic n or e-commerce engines within that
environment.
Passionate consumers will voice their
voice vt opinions in quicker, more visible, and
much more damaging ways.
Such hijack media are the opposite of
hijack vi
earned media.
asset n
An asset or campaign becomes hostage
stakeholder n
to consumers, other stakeholders, or
activists who make negative allegations
activist n
about a brand or product.
allegation n
Passionate consumers would try to
boycott vt
persuade others to boycott products.
steep adj The learning curve has been steep.
Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated
alleviate vt
some of the damage from its recall.
To engage with consumers directly on
engage vi sites such as Twitter and the social-news
site Digg.
阅读理解 Text4
Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative
insightful adj
magazine cover story.
Child rearing is anything less than a
fulfilling adj completely fulfilling, life-enriching
experience.
Children make parents either happy or
miserable adj
miserable.
The very things that in the moment
dampen vt
dampen our moods.
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An attractive mother holding a cute
newsstand n baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-
child image on newsstands this week.
pregnant adj Jennifer Aniston is pregnant.
Practically every week features at least
feature vt one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be,
smiling on the newsstands.
persistently adv In a society that so persistently celebrates
procreation, is it any wonder that
celebrate vt admitting you regret having children is
equivalent to admitting you support
procreation n kitten-killing?
Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to
provoke vt
wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids.
dumb adj Many people are dumb enough to want
children just because Reese and Angelina
glamorous adj make it look so glamorous.
新题型
No disciplines have seized on
enthusiasm n professionalism with as much
enthusiasm as the humanities.
His concern is mainly with the
concern n
humanities.
These are disciplines that are going out
discipline n
of style.
leading adj However, many leading American
universities want their undergraduates to
grounding n have a grounding in the basic canon of
ideas than every educated person should
canon n posses
glue n They form a sort of social glue.
variety n Many students experience both varieties.
Layers must study a non-specialist
qualification n liberal-arts degree before embarking on a
professional qualification.
Federal research grants rose fourfold
grant n
between 1960 and 1990.
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A doctoral degree into a prerequisite for
prerequisite n
a successful academic career.
The knowledge and skills needed for a
transmissible adj particular specialization are
transmissible but not transferable.
So disciplines acquire a monopoly not
monopoly n
just over the production of knowledge.
Increasingly detached from the societies
detach vt which they study, investigate and
criticize.
inquiry n
Academic inquiry, at least in some
exclusionary adj fields, may need to become less
exclusionary and more holistic.
holistic adj
subtle adj The subtle and intelligent little book The
Marketplace of ideas: Reform and
resistance n Resistance in the American university
should be read .
capture vt A professor captured it skillfully.
翻译
Allen’s contribution was to take an
erroneous adj assumption and reveal its erroneous
nature.
sustain vt While we may be able to sustain the
illusion of control through the conscious
illusion n mind alone.
Since desire and will are damaged by the
presence n presence of thoughts that do not accord
with desire.
Achievement happens because you as a
embody vt
person embody the external achievement
contention n
justification n This seems a justification for neglect of
those in need, and a rationalization of
rationalization n exploitation, of the superiority of those
at the top and the inferiority of those at
exploitation n the bottom.
superiority n
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inferiority n
This ,however, would be a knee-jerk
knee-jerk adj
reaction to a subtle argument.
If circumstances always determined the
prospect n
life and prospects of people.
As any biographer knows, a person’s
biographer n early life and its conditions are often the
greatest gift to an individual.
The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is
sobering adj that we have no one else to blame for our
present condition except ourselves.The
upside n upside is the possibilities contained in
knowing that everything is up to us;
array n where before we were experts in the array
of limitations.
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