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2017 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。

完形填空
People have speculated for centuries
speculate v
about a future without work.
capital n
Some imagine that the coming work-
struggle v free world will be defined by inequality:
A few wealthy people will own all the
impoverished adj capital, and the masses（普通百姓）will
struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
wasteland n
A different and not mutually exclusive
prediction holds that the future will be a
wasteland of a different sort，one char-
purposelessness n
acterized by purposelessness: Without
jobs to give their lives meaning，people
will simply become lazy and depressed.
Also，some research suggests that the
explanation for rising rates of mortal-
ity ,mental-health problems，and addic-
mortality n
tion among poorly-educated middle-
aged people is a shortage of well-paid
jobs.
agonizing adj Perhaps this is why many worry about
the agonizing dullness of a jobless fu-
dullness n ture.

But it doesn't necessarily follow from

（是……的必然结果）findings like
unease n
these that a world without work would
be filled with unease.
Such visions are based on the downsides
vision n of being unemployed in a society built
on the concept of employment.
In the absence of work, a society de-
design v
signed with other ends in mind could
yield strikingly different circumstances
end n for the future of labor and leisure.

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strikingly adv

circumstance n
Today, the virtue of work may be a bit
overblow v
overblown.
Many jobs are boring, degrading, un-
healthy, and a waste of human poten-
degrading adj tial,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the
National University of Ireland in Gal-
way.
relatively adv These days, because leisure time is rela-
tively scarce for most workers, people
counterbalance v use their free time to counterbalance the
intellectual and emotional demands of
intellectual adj their jobs.

“When I come home from a hard day's

work, I often feel tired,” Danaher says,
hobby n
adding, “In a world in which I don't have
to work, I might feel rather different”-
perhaps different enough to throw him-
self into a hobby or a passion project
passion n
with the intensity usually reserved for
professional matters.

阅读理解 Text1
The Parkrun phenomenon began with a
inspire v dozen friends and has inspired 400
events in the UK and more abroad.
event n
Events are free, staffed by thousands of
volunteers.
staff v
Runners range from four years old to
grandparents; their times range from An-
time n
drew Baddeley's world record 13
minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
Planning documents pledged that the
pledge v
great legacy of the Games would be to
lever a nation of sport lovers away from
legacy n their couches.

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lever v

couch n
The population would be fitter, healthier
fit adj
and produce more winners.
Obesity has risen among adults and chil-
obesity n
dren.
Official retrospections continue as to
retrospection n why London 2012 failed to “inspire a
generation.”
ethos n The ethos welcomes anybody.
There is as much joy over a puffed-out
shine v first timer being clapped over the line as
there is about top talent shining.
The Olympic bidders, by contrast,
bidder n wanted to get more people doing sport
and to produce more elite athletes.
dual adj The dual aim was mixed up: The stress
on success over taking part was intimi-
intimidating adj dating for newcomers.

Indeed, there is something a little absurd

in the state getting involved in the plan-
grassroots n ning of such a fundamentally “grass-
roots” concept as community sports as-
sociations.
But successive governments have pre-
successive adj
sided over selling green spaces, squeez-
ing money from local authorities and de-
decline v clining attention on sport in education.

wordy adj Instead of wordy，worthy strategies，fu-

ture governments need to do more to
worthy adj provide the conditions for sport to thrive.

阅读理解 Text2
With so much focus on children's use of
screen n screens, it's easy for parents to forget
about their own screen use.
“Tech is designed to really suck you
maximal adj
in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of

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digital play, and “digital products are

engagement n
there to promote maximal engagement.”
disengage v It makes it hard to disengage，and leads
to a lot of bleed-over into the family rou-
bleed-over n tine.

Radesky has studied the use of mobile

tablet n
phones and tablets at mealtimes by giv-
ing mother-child pairs a food-testing ex-
exercise n ercise.
She found that mothers who used de-
verbal adj
vices during the exercise started 20 per
cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer
interaction n nonverbal interactions with their chil-
dren.
During a separate observation, she saw
tension n that phones became a source of tension
in the family.
Parents would be looking at their emails
bid n while the children would be making ex-
cited bids for their attention.
Infants are wired to look at parents' faces
blank adj
to try to understand their world, and if
those faces are blank and unresponsive-
unresponsive adj
as they often are when absorbed in a de-
vice-it can be extremely disconcerting
disconcerting adj for the children.
In it, a mother is asked to interact with
her child in a normal way before putting
on a blank expression and not giving
distressed adj them any visual social feedback: The
child becomes increasingly distressed as
she tries to capture her mother’s atten-
tion.
“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely
exquisitely adv
present at all times, but there needs to be
a balance and parents need to be respon-
present adj
sive and sensitive to a child's verbal or
nonverbal expressions of an emotional
sensitive adj need,” says Radesky.

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On the other hand，Tronick himself is

concerned that the worries about kids'
use of screens are born out of an “op-
oppressive adj
pressive ideology that demands that par-
ents should always be interacting” with
their children
It's based on a somewhat fantasized,
very white, very upper-middle-class ide-
fantasised adj ology that says if you're failing to expose
your child to 30,000 words you are ne-
glecting them.
This can make them feel happier which
available adj lets them be more available to their child
the rest of the time.

attentive adj It helps them become more attentive.

阅读理解 Text3
Today, widespread social pressure to
conjunction n immediately go to college in conjunction
with increasingly high expectations in a
fast-moving world often causes students
overlook v to completely overlook the possibility of
taking a gap year.
After all, if everyone you know is going
fall n to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay
back a year, doesn't it?
And after going to school for12 years, it
academic adj doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing
something that isn't academic.
But while this may be true, it's not a
condemn v good enough reason to condemn gap
years.
There's always a constant fear of falling
perpetuate v behind everyone else on the socially per-
petuated “race to the finish line,”
lucrative adj whether that be toward graduate school，
medical school or a lucrative career.
misconception n
But despite common misconceptions，a
gap year does not hinder the success of
hinder v
academic pursuits- in fact, it probably
enhances it.
pursuit n

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enhance v
Gap year experiences can lessen the
lessen v
blow when it comes to adjusting to col-
lege and being thrown into a brand new
acclimation n environment，making it easier to focus
on academics and activities rather than
blunder n acclimation blunders.
If you're not convinced of the inherent
value in taking a year off to explore in-
inherent adj
terests, then consider its financial impact
on future academic choices.
According to the National Center for Ed-
ucation Statistics, nearly 80 percent of
major n
college students end up changing their
majors at least once.
mandatory adj This isn't surprising, considering the
basic mandatory high school curriculum
curriculum n leaves students with a poor understand-
ing of the vast academic possibilities
await v that await them in college.

Many students find themselves listing

one major on their college applications,
switch v
but switching to another after taking col-
lege classes.
costly adj
It's not necessarily a bad thing, but de-
credit n
pending on the school, it can be costly to
make up credits after switching too late
after prep. in the game.

game n
At Boston College, for example, you
nursing n
would have to complete an extra year
were you to switch to the nursing school
department n from another department.

阅读理解 Text4
Though often viewed as a problem for
wildfire n
western states, the growing frequency of
wildfires is a national concern because
specialist n of its impact on federal tax dollars, says

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Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire

ecology n
ecology and management.
In2015，the US Forest Service for the
first time spent more than half of its $5.5
budget n billion annual budget fighting fires-
nearly double the percentage it spent on
such efforts 20 years ago.
fund n
In effect, fewer federal funds today are
conservation n
going towards the agency's other work-
such as forest conservation，watershed
watershed□
超
n
and cultural resources management, and
infrastructure upkeep-that affect the
infrastructure n lives of all Americans.

upkeep n
Another nationwide concern is whether
nationwide adj
public funds from other agencies are go-
ing into construction in fire-prone dis-
prone adj tricts.
As Moritz puts it, how often are federal
put v dollars building homes that are likely to
be lost to a wildfire?
“ It's already a huge problem from a
expenditure n public expenditure perspective for the
whole country,” he says.
We need to take a magnifying glass to
magnify v
that.
redirect v

concentrate v Do we want instead to redirect those

funds to concentrate on lower-hazard
hazard n parts of the landscape?”

landscape n

corresponding adj Such a view would require a correspond-

ing shift in the way US society today
shift n views fire, researchers say.

For one thing, conversations about wild-

inclusive adj
fires need to be more inclusive.

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Over the past decade, the focus has been

on climate change - how the warming of
worsen v
the Earth from greenhouse gases is lead-
ing to conditions that worsen fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz
equation n says, it shouldn't come at the expense of
the rest of the equation.
“ The human systems and the land-
interaction n scapes we live on are linked, and the in-
teractions” go both ways," he says.
Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads
simplified adj
to “an overly simplified view of what the
solutions might be. Our perception of the
perception n problem and of what the solution is be-
comes very limited.”
At the same time, people continue to
unleash v
treat fire as an event that needs to be
wholly controlled and unleashed only
necessity n out of necessity，says Professor Balch at
the University of Colorado.
acknowledge v But acknowledging fire's inevitable
presence in human life is an attitude cru-
inevitable adj cial to developing the laws, policies, and
practices that make it as safe as possible,
presence n she says.

“ We've disconnected ourselves from

disconnect v
living with fire,” Balch says.
“ It is really important to understand
tease v and try and tease out what is the human
connection with fire today.”

新题型

manufacturing n The decline in American manufacturing

is a common refrain，particularly from
refrain n Donald Trump.

“We don't make anything anymore,"

line n he told Fox News, while defending his
own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
Despite trade competition and out-
outsourcing n sourcing，American manufacturing still

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needs to replace tens of thousands of re-

replace v
tiring boomers every year.
boomer n
Millennials may not be that interested in
Millennial n
taking their place.

stiff adj For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff

competition for workers - and upward
wage n pressure on wages.

“They may be coming[into the work-

workforce n
force], but they've been plucked by
other industries that are also doing as
pluck v well as manufacturing."
Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high
junior n school juniors to the factory so they can
get exposed to its culture.
Mr. Roth has three community-college
students enrolled in a work-placement
enroll v
program, with a starting wage of $13an
hour that rises to $17after two years.

worktable n At a worktable inside the transformer

plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flus-
flustered adj tered by the copper coils he's trying to
assemble and the arrival of two
assemble v visitors.

They blame it on the manufacturing re-

recession n
cession.
These concerns aren't misplaced: Em-
concern n
ployment in manufacturing has fallen
from 17 million in 1970 to 12
misplaced adj million in 2015.

shortage n When the recovery began, worker

shortages first appeared in the high-
trade n skilled trades.

The gap is between the jobs that take no

gap n
skills and those that require a lot of skill.
There're enough people to fill the jobs
fill v at McDonalds and other places where
you don't need to have much skill.

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Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Commu-

nity College points to another key to
lure v
luring Millennials into manufacturing:
awork/life balance.
content adj While their parents were content to
work long hours, young people value
flexibility n flexibility.

Overtime is not attractive to this gener-

overtime n
ation.

翻译
Two years before graduating from sec-
take v
ondary school, I took a sewing and de-
sign course thinking that I would move
sewing n on to a fashion design course.
However, during that course I realized I
was not good enough in this area to
personality n compete with other creative personali-
ties in the future, so I decided that it was
not the right path for me.
Before applying for university I told
everyone that I would study journalism,
apply v
because writing was, and still is, one of
my favourite activities.
This is when I noticed the course “Fash-
promotion n
ion Media & Promotion.”
\

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