整理自：学长小谭
2021 考研真题单词（英语一）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。
完形填空
accumulation n 堆积，积累 One study found that muscle loss and
the accumulation of body fat around
the abdomen are associated with a
abdomen n 腹部 decline in fluid intelligence.
This suggests the possibility that
prevent vt 预防，防止 lifestyle factors might help prevent or
delay this type of decline.
For women，the association may be
attributable to changes in immunity
immunity n 免疫力 that resulted from excess abdominal
fat; in men，the immune system did
not appear to be involved.
Meanwhile there are steps you can
take to help reduce abdominal fat and
mass n 质量 maintain lean muscle mass as you age
in order to protect both your physical
and mental well-being.
aerobic adj 有氧的 The two highly recommended lifestyle
approaches are maintaining or
increasing your level of aerobic
fiber n 纤维 exercise and following Mediterranean-
style diet that is high in fiber Band
eliminate vt 消除 eliminates highly processed foods.
阅读理解 Text 1
justify vt 证明……有理
How can the train operators possibly
rail n 铁路 justify yet another increase to rail
passenger fares?
fare n 车费
grimly adv 冷酷地；无情地
It has become a grimly reliable annual
ritual.
ritual n 惯例；例行公事
This year's rise, an average of 2.7 per
fraction n 少量；一点儿
cent, may be a fraction lower than last
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year's, but it is still well above the
通货膨胀；通胀
inflation n official Consumer Price Index (CPI)
率 measure of inflation.
This was their fourth successive win.
successive adj 连续的；相继的
（来自网易有道词典）
pensioner n 领养老金者
Why，the argument goes，should a
subsidize car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire
vt 资助；补助
/subsidise have to subsidise the daily commute of
a stockbroker from Surrey?
stockbroker n 股票经纪人
endure vt 忍耐；忍受
endure the relatively poor infrastructure
忍受相对落后的基础设施
infrastructure n 基础设施建设
strike n 罢工 The responsibility for the latest wave of
strikes rests on the unions.
union n 工会 最近这波罢工潮的责任在于工会
It is all very well train operators
trumpet vt 宣扬；鼓吹 trumpeting the improvements they are
making to the network.
However, there is a strong case that
compensation n 补偿；赔偿
those who have been worst affected by
industrial action should receive
disruption 扰乱；干扰 compensation for the disruption they
have suffered.
indefinitely adv 无期限地 More investment is needed, but
passengers will not be willing to pay
more indefinitely if they must also
cramped adj 狭窄的；狭小的 endure cramped, unreliable services..
punctuate vt 不时打断
chaos n 混乱；混杂
…, punctuated by regular chaos when
timetables are changed, or planned
maintenance n 维护；保养 maintenance is managed incompetently.
无能力地；不能
incompetently adv
胜任地
阅读理解 Text 2
Last year marked the third year in a row
mark vt 标志……的发生
of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of
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deforestation has slowed in pace.
bleak adj 无望的；暗淡的
deforestation n 毁林；滥伐森林
One reason for the turnaround may be
turnaround n 转机；好转
the country’s antipoverty program.
get regular medical care
regular adj 常规的；定期的
接受常规医疗保健
conditional adj 附带条件的
Called conditional cash transfers or
CCTs，these social assistance programs
assistance n 帮助；援助
are designed to reduce inequality and
break the cycle of poverty.
inequality n 不平等
The program has provided enough food
substantially adv 非常；大大地
and medicine to substantially reduce
severe growth problems among
severe adj 十分严重的
children.
poverty n 贫困
In fact, poverty alleviation and
environmental protection are often
alleviation n 缓和 viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul
Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins
University.
conflicting adj 冲突的；矛盾的
相互关联；相互
correlate vi That’s because economic growth can be
依赖
correlated with environment
degradation.
degradation n 毁坏，恶化
因果关系；因果 prove causality
causality n
性 证明因果关系
negatively adv 有害地；负面地
Such programs do not have to
negatively affect the environment,
不过；可是；然 though.
though adv
而
tropical adj 热带的 tropical forest
临时替代的；权 That’s likely because the rural poor are
makeshift adj using the money as makeshift insurance
宜的
policies against inclement weather.
这很可能是因为农村贫困人口将这笔
inclement adj （天气）恶劣的
钱用作应对恶劣天气的权宜之计。
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commonality n 共性；共同特征 due to commonality
carbon dioxide emissions
emission n 排放物；散发物
二氧化碳排放
阅读理解 Text 3
专注的；全神贯
preoccupied adj become preoccupied with doing
注的
shatter vt 粉碎；破灭 shatter the image of 19th-century
prudery
过分拘谨；故作 打破 19 世纪拘谨的形象
prudery n
正经
cause quite a stir
stir n 激动；愤怒
引发热议
concede vt 承认 I need to concede that…
photographic portraiture
portraiture n 肖像；画像
肖像画
痛苦地；非常难
miserably adv
受地
…, the majority of which show sitters
stiffly adv 僵硬地 posing miserably and stiffly in front of
painted backdrops, or absently into the
middle distance.
心不在焉地；出
absently adv
神地
exposure n 曝光时间 During the 1840s and 1850s, in the
early days of photography, exposure
notoriously adv 众所周知地 times were notoriously long.
blurred image
blurred adj 模糊不清的
模糊不清的图像
limb n 肢；臂；腿 adjust their limbs
grin n 露齿笑；咧嘴笑 The thought of holding a fixed grin as
the camera performed its magical duties
contemplate vt 考虑接受 was too much to contemplate, and so a
non-committal blank stare became the
non-committal adj 无明确意义的 norm.
portable cameras
portable adj 便携式的
便携式相机
instantaneous communication
instantaneous adj 立即的；立刻的
即时通讯
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Spontaneous smiles
无意识的；不由
spontaneous adj 自然的微笑
自主的
Spontaneously adv. 立即，马上
One explanation might be the loss of
dignity n 庄严；尊严 dignity displayed through a cheesy
grin(做作的露齿笑)
“Nature gave us lips to conceal our
conceal vt 隐藏，掩盖
teeth,” ran one popular Victorian
maxim.
maxim n 格言；箴言 一则维多利亚时代广为流传的箴言
称，“自然予我们嘴唇以掩藏牙齿。”
令人震惊的→非
shocking adj Before the birth of proper dentistry,
常糟糕的
mouths were often in a shocking state of
hygiene n 卫生 hygiene.
在严格意义上的牙科学诞生之前，口
dentistry n 牙科学 腔的卫生状况往往非常糟糕。
Pearl n. 珍珠
pearly adj （似）珍珠的
Pear n.梨
toothy adj 露齿的 teeth - tooth - toothly
n.
gnashers 牙齿 Gnash vi. 咬牙切齿 vt. 咬
pl
drunk n 醉汉；酒鬼 drink - drank - drunk
Tramp v. 重步行走 n.沉重的脚步声→
tramp n 流浪汉
流浪汉
gum n 牙龈；齿龈 Gum n. 口香糖→牙龈
Hearty smile
hearty adj 尽情的
发自内心的笑容→开怀大笑
A proper bred person
breed vt 以……方式教育
一个教养良好的人
portrait n 肖像；人像 整理自：学长小谭
阅读理解 Text 4
Broad adj.宽广的
broadband n 宽带连接
Band n.带子
From the early days of broadband，
advocate n 支持者；倡导者
advocates for consumers and web-based
companies worried that the cable and
cable n 有线电视 phone companies selling broadband
connections had the power and
incentive n 刺激；动机 incentive to favor affiliated websites
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over their rivals'. (竞争对手)
自打宽带问世初期,消费者及互联网
公司的权益倡导者们就在担心,销售
affiliated adj 隶属的
宽带连接的有线电视和电话公司不仅
有能力而且有动机去偏袒自己的关联
网站,歧视竞争对手的网站。
pushback n 反对；抵制 推回去→反对
conservative n 保守派 Conserve v. 保护，保守
resolution n 决议；正式决定
But instead of providing a badly needed
resolution, it only prolonged the fight.
prolong vt 延长
Com(共同)+miss(送，派)→把人派送
commission n 委员会 到一起，组成委员会+ion(名词词根)
Mission n. 使命
企业集团，联合 Con(强调)+glom(global，球→联合)
conglomerate n
大公司 +erate
cap n 最高限额 Cap n. 帽子→最高限额
unanimously adv 全体一致地
On Tuesday, the appeals court
uphold vt 维持；确认 unanimously upheld the 2017 order
解除对……的限 deregulating broadband providers.
deregulate vt
制
But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued
concurring adj 意见一致的 in a concurring opinion that “the result
is unhinged from the realities of modern
broadband service,” and said Congress
unhinge vi 与……脱节 or the Supreme Court could intervene
to“ avoid trapping Internet regulation in
technological anachronism.”
intervene vi 干涉；介入 但帕特里夏·米利特法官在协同意见
书中公正地指出“这一结果与现代宽
带服务的现实脱节”,并表示国会或最
过时的人；不合
anachronism n 高法院可进行干预,以“避免网络监管
时宜
在技术发展面前沦为过时”。
In the meantime, the court threw out the
block vt 妨碍；阻碍
FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on
preempt vt 先占，先取 net neutrality, while preserving the
commission’s power to preempt
individual state laws that undermine its
undermine vt 逐渐削弱
order.
颁布；通过（法
enact vt Enact laws 颁布法律
律）
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abdicate v. 退位
abdication n 退位；放弃
ab(离开)+dic(宣布)+ate(动词后缀)
meddle vi 干涉；管闲事 meddle in
新题型
typically adv 通常；一般 In the movies and on television,
artificial intelligence is typically
sinister adj 邪恶的
depicted as something sinister that will
upend our way of life.
upend vt 颠覆
(不愉快的事)即将
impending adj impending errors
发生的
algorithm n 算法 the master algorithm 终极算法
It uses analytics to help identify where
bias n 偏见；偏心
there may be bias in the hiring process.
它利用数字分析来帮助试别招聘过程
analytics n 数据分析
中可能存在偏见的地方
…claims that their software can
outperform vt 超过；胜过
outperform humans by up to 10 percent
when it comes to email open rates. This
can means millions more in revenue.
revenue n 收入，收益 …声称其软件在邮件打开率方面比人
工操作高出 10 个百分点，这可能意
味着上百万的收入增长。
The annual premium can be a little
steep, but will be well worth it if your
dog is injured.
premium n 保险费 每年的保险费可能有点贵，但是如果
您的狗受了伤就很值了。(来自网易
有道词典)
inspect vt 检查；查看 in(进入)+spect(看)
audit n 审计 整理自：学长小谭
versus prep 与……相比 It is France versus Brazil in the final.
promising adj 有希望的 promise n.许诺 vt. 许诺
翻译
watershed n 转折点；分水岭 water(水)+shed(分开)
enrollment n 入学；注册 enroll v. 登记
roughly adv 大约；大致 Rough adj. 粗糙的
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These demands resulted in a very rapid
expansion of the systems of higher
expansion n 扩张；扩展 education, beginning in the 1960s and
developing very rapidly (though
unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s.
这些需求导致了高等教育体系的迅速
unevenly adv 不均衡地 扩张，扩张始于 20 世纪 60 年代，在
70、80 年代发展迅速（但不平衡）。
The same alarm is manifest everywhere.
manifest vt 显现 同样的恐慌在各地都已出现。(来自
网易有道词典)
The head is out of proportion with the
body.
proportion n 比例 头部和身体不成比例。(来自网易有
道词典)
Each of these manifestations of growth
carried its own peculiar problems in its
peculiar adj 特有的；特殊的 wake.
每一种增长的表现形式都伴有自身特
有的问题。
socialization n 社会化 social - socialism(n.) - socialized(v.) …
主要地；多数情
predominantly adv predominant(adj) - predominate(v)
况下
marked adj 显而易见的 mark (n. 符号) - markable (adj. 卓越的)
empowerment n 赋权 em(使)+power(权力)+ment(名词词根)
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