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2014 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。
完形填空
A number of studies have concluded
that normal-weight people are in fact at
overweigh adj 体重超常的
higher risk of some diseases compared
to those who are overweight.
And there are health conditions for
健康状况，健
condition n which being overweight is actually
康
protective.
患（某种疾 For example, heavier women are less
develop v
病） likely to develop calcium deficiency
缺乏，不足； than thin women.
deficiency n
缺乏症
Likewise, among the elderly, being
老年人，上岁
the elderly n somewhat overweight is often an
数的人
indicator of good health.
Of even greater concern is the fact that
肥胖，过度肥
obesity n obesity turns out to be very difficult to
胖
define.
（物体的）质 It is often defined in terms of body
mass n
量 mass index, or BMI.
divide v 除，除以
BMI equals body mass divided by the
（某数值的） square of height.
square n
平方
Obesity, in turn, can be divided into
适度地，不过
moderately adv moderately obese, severely obese, and
分地
very severely obese.
数字的，以数 While such numerical standards seem
numerical adj
字表示的 straightforward, they are not.
Some people with a high BMI are in
健康的，健壮
fit adj fact extremely fit, while others with a
的
low BMI may be in poor shape.
For example, many collegiate and
学院的，学院 professional football players qualify as
collegiate adj
学生的 obese, though their percentage body fat
is low.
相反地，以相
conversely adv
反的方法 Conversely, someone with a small
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（人或动物 frame may have high body fat but a
frame n 的）身体，体 normal BMI.
形
耻辱，丢脸的 Today we have a tendency to label
disgrace n
事；出丑 obesity as a disgrace.
陈词滥调，刻 Stereotypes associated with obesity
stereotype n
板印象 include laziness, lack of will power,
and lower prospects for success.
prospect n 前景，可能性
Teachers, employers, and health
心怀，怀有
harbor v professionals have been shown to
（某想法等）
harbor biases against the obese.
取笑，嘲弄， Even very young children tend to look
tease v
招惹 down on the overweight, and teasing
（人体的）体 about body build has long been a
build n
形，体格 problem in schools.
否定的，消极 Negative attitudes toward obesity,
negative adj
的 grounded in health concerns, have
stimulated a number of anti-obesity
stimulate v 刺激，促进
policies.
ban v 明令禁止
My own hospital system has banned
（供特定用途 sugary drinks from its facilities.
facility n
的）场所
建立，制定
（习俗、规则
institute n
等），开始 Many employers have instituted weight
（某进程） loss and fitness initiatives.
新倡议、行
initiative v
动、方案
launch n 推动，使开始
Michelle Obama has launched a high-
运动（为某一 visibility campaign against childhood
社会的、商业 obesity, even claiming that it
的或政治的目 represents our greatest national
campaign n
的而进行的一 security threat.
系列有计划的
活动）
阅读理解 Text1
widow n 寡妇；孀妇
This is now a question for Gloria
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Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow
emerge v 开始被认知
who recently emerged from her small,
未分开的；完 tin-roofed(铁皮房顶的) house in
undivided adj Florida to collect the biggest
整的
undivided lottery jackpot in history.
lottery n 彩票
jackpot n 头奖；最高奖
fortune n 财富
If she hopes her new-found fortune
will yield lasting feelings of
yield v 产出；出产
fulfilment, she could do worse than
read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn
lasting adj 持久的
and Michael Norton.
fulfilment n 满足感
高校老师；高
academic n
校科研人员 These two academics use an array of
有益的；值得
rewarding adj behavioral research to show that the
的
most rewarding ways to spend money
counterintuitive adj 违反直觉的
can be counterintuitive.
fantasy n 幻想；白日梦
Fantasies of great wealth often
vision n 想象；幻想
involve visions of fancy cars and
昂贵的；精致 extravagant homes.
fancy adj
的
extravagant adj 奢侈的
通勤；上下班 It seems most people would be better
commute n
路程 off if they could shorten their
commutes to work, spend more time
with friends and family and less of it
巨大的；很大 watching television (something the
whopping adj
的（数字等） average American spends a whopping
two months a year doing, and is
hardly jollier for it).
Buying gifts or giving to charity is
often more pleasurable than
节俭地；慎用
sparingly adv purchasing things for oneself, and
地；爱惜地
luxuries are most enjoyable when they
are consumed sparingly.
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Readers of Happy Money are clearly a
荣幸的，幸运
privileged adj privileged lot, anxious about
的
fulfilment, not hunger.
Yet the link between feeling good and
spending money on others can be seen
scarcity n 不足；缺乏 among rich and poor people around
the world, and scarcity enhances the
pleasure of most things for most
people.
Not everyone will agree with the
mandate v 批准；授权
authors' policy ideas, which range
from mandating more holiday time to
incentive n 激励 reducing tax incentives for American
homebuyers.
阅读理解 Text2
An article in Scientific American has
以实验（或经 pointed out that empirical research
empirical adj
验）为依据的 says that, actually, you think you're
more beautiful than you are.
深层的；根深 We have a deep-seated need to feel
deep-seated adj
蒂固的 good about ourselves and we naturally
employ a number of self-
employ v 使用，采用 enhancing(自我提升、自我加强的)
strategies to achieve this.
psychologist n 心理学家
聚集（尤指大 Social psychologists have amassed
amass v oceans of research into what they call
量）
错觉的；虚假 the “above average effect ", or
illusory adj “illusory superiority".
的
superiority n 优越感
We rose-tint our memories and put
染了玫瑰色，
rose-tint v
精饰、美化 ourselves into self-affirming
situations.
自卫的；戒备
defensive adj
的
（不合理的） We become defensive when criticized
stereotype n and apply negative stereotypes to
刻板印象
促进；增加； others to boost our own esteem.
boost v
增强
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esteem n 尊重；尊敬
We stalk around thinking we're hot
stalk v 高视阔步地走
stuff.
Psychologist and behavioural scientist
oversee v 监督；监管
Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study
self- 自我强化、自
into self-enhancement and
enhancement 我拔高
attractiveness.
确定；识别， Rather than have people simply rate
identify v
辨认出 their beauty compared with others, he
asked them to identify an original
photograph of themselves from a
lineup n 阵容；一组 lineup including versions that had
been altered to appear more and less
attractive.
Visual recognition, reads the study, is
“an automatic psychological process,
deliberation n 考虑；熟思 occurring rapidly and intuitively with
little or no apparent conscious
deliberation”.
使人显得更漂 If the subjects quickly chose a falsely
flattering adj
亮的；讨好的 flattering image- which most did-they
真诚地；诚实 genuinely believed it was really how
genuinely adv they looked.
地
Nor was there any evidence that those
doctor v 窜改，伪造
who self-enhanced the most (that is,
the participants who thought the most
深刻的；极大 positively doctored picture were real)
profound adj
的；严重的 were doing so to make up for
profound insecurities.
“I don't think the findings that we
错觉；谬见；
delusion n have are any evidence of personal
妄想
delusion,” says Epley.
沮丧的；压抑 If you are depressed, you won't be
depressed adj
的 self-enhancing.
Knowing the results of Epley's study,
it makes sense that many people hate
photographs of themselves viscerally -
viscerally adv 发自肺腑地
on one level, they don't even
recognise the person in the picture as
themselves.
Facebook, therefore, is a self-
wit n 风趣
enhancer's paradise, where people can
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share only the most flattering photos,
智力，非凡的
intellect n the cream of their wit, style, beauty,
才智
intellect and lifestyles.
It's not that people's profiles are
profile n 印象，形象
dishonest，says Catalina Toma of
Wisconsin-Madison University, “but
portray v 描绘
they portray an idealised version of
themselves.”
idealise v 把……理想化
阅读理解 Text3
剧烈地，强烈 The concept of man versus machine is
acutely adv
地 at least as old as the industrial
不牢固的，脆 revolution, but this phenomenon tends
fragile adj to be most acutely felt during
弱的
economic downturns and fragile
recovery n 复苏；恢复
recoveries.
使……过时； Certain jobs have gone away for good,
outmode v
使……不流行 outmoded by machines.
贪得无厌的； Since technology has such an
insatiable adj
不知足的 insatiable appetite for eating up
human jobs, this phenomenon will
continue to restructure our economy
foresee v 预见；预知
in ways we cannot immediately
foresee.
性能；绩效； When there is rapid improvement in
performance n
表现状况 the price and performance of
technology, jobs that were once
thought to be immune from
immune adj 免疫的
automation suddenly become
threatened.
可怕的；（让 This is a powerful argument, and a
scary adj 人）提心吊胆 scary one.
的
And yet, John Hagel, author of The
Power of Pull and other books, says
易受攻击的； Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the
vulnerable adj
有弱点的 reason why these jobs are so
vulnerable to technology in the first
place.
脚本化的；照 Hagel says we have designed jobs in
scripted adj
书面稿念的 the U.S. that tend to be “tightly
标准的；标准 scripted” and “highly standardized”
standardized adj ones that leave no room for
化的
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主动权；首创 "individual
initiative n
精神 initiative or creativity”
reinvent v 彻底改造
It's time to reinvent the formula for
how work is conducted, since we are
formula n 方案，方法
still relying on a very20th century
notion of work, Hagel says.
conduct v 执行；实施
notion n 概念；见解
In our rapidly changing economy, we
more than ever need people in the
意外的，想不
unexpected adj workplace who can take initiative and
到的
exercise their imagination “to respond
to unexpected events”.
They are designed to perform very
predictable adj 可预见的
predictable activities.
As Hagel notes，Brynjolfsson and
指出；特别提
note v MeAfee indeed touched on this point
到
in their book.
We need to reframe race against the
reframe v 重新组织
machine as race with the machine.
In other words, we need to look at the
augment v 增加；增大 ways in which machines can augment
human labor rather than replace it.
改变；改革；
innovate v 创新；引入新 So then the problem is not really
事物 about technology, but rather, “how do
制度，（由来 we innovate our institutions and our
institution n 已久的）风俗 work practices?”
习惯
阅读理解 Text4
When the government talks about
infrastructure n 基础设施
infrastructure contributing to the
economy the focus is usually on roads,
broadband n 宽带
railways broadband and energy.
住宅，住房
（尤指住房类
housing n
型、价格、条 Housing is seldom mentioned.
件）
seldom adv 很少，不常
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To some extent the housing sector must
shoulder v 肩负，承担
shoulder the blame.
It is hard to shove for attention among
shove v 挤；撞；猛推
multibillion-pound infrastructure
必然的，不可 projects, so it is inevitable that the
inevitable adj attention is focused elsewhere.
避免的
But perhaps the most significant reason
charged v 命令，吩咐 is that the issue has always been so
politically charged.
nevertheless conj. 然而，不过
Nevertheless, the affordable housing
affordable adj 负担得起的
situation is desperate.
危急的，严峻
desperate adj
的
综合的，全部
comprehensive adj
的，详尽的 The comprehensive spending review
offers an opportunity for the
review n 审核；审查
government to help rectify this.
rectify v 改正，纠正
prejudice n 偏见
It needs to put historical prejudices to
设法解决；处 one side and take some steps to address
address v our urgent housing need.
理；应对
紧急的；急迫
urgent adj
的
There are some indications that it is
indication n 迹象
preparing to do just that.
hint v 暗示；示意
引进，推行， The communities minister, Don Foster,
introduce v has hinted that George Osborne,
实施
Chancellor of the Exchequer, may
flexibility n 灵活性；弹性
introduce more flexibility to the
（可用或可借 current cap on the amount that local
cap n 资金的）最高 authorities can borrow against their
限额 housing stock debt.
当局，官方
authorities n
（常用复数）
Evidence shows that 60, 000 extra new
homes could be built over the next five
lift v 提高
years if the cap were lifted, increasing
GDP by 0.6%.
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注册的，登记 Ministers should also look at creating
registered adj
在册的 greater certainty in the rental
environment, which would have a
国家的收入； significant impact on the ability of
revenue n
岁入 registered providers to fund new
developments from revenues.
While these measures would be
grant n 拨款
welcome in the short term, we must
face up to the fact that the existing
￡l4.5bn programme of grants to fund
expire v 期满；终止 new affordable housing, set to expire in
2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond
then.
The Labour party has recently
retain v 保持，保留
announced that it will retain a large
part of the coalition's spending plans if
coalition n 联合；联盟
it returns to power.
While the government’s commitment
commitment n 承诺
to long-term funding may have
changed, the very pressing need for
long-term adj 长期的
more affordable housing is real and is s
not going away.
pressing adj 迫切的
新题型
（复数）范 Emerging in the late Sixties and
confines n 围，界限，边 reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land
界 Art was one of a range of new forms，
including Body Art, Performance
studio n 工作室
Art，Action Art and Installation Art,
which pushed art beyond the
画廊，陈列
gallery n traditional confines of the studio and
室，展览馆
gallery .
Rather than portraying landscape,
substance n 物质
land artists used the physical
(文艺创作中 substance of the land itself as their
medium n 使用的)材 medium.
料，形式
代表；作
typify v
为……的典型 The British land art, typified by
按比例绘制、 Richard Long's piece, was not only
scale v more domestically scaled, but a lot
制作
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quirkier than its American
quirky□
超
adj 古怪的
counterparts.
counterpart n 对应的人或物
唯一的，单独
sole adj
的，仅有的 Since his “action” is in the past, the
photograph is its sole embodiment.
embodiment n 体现，具体化
That might seem rather an obscure
point, but it sets the tone for（奠定基
费解的，难以
obscure adj 调） an exhibition that contains a lot
理解的
of black- and-white photographs and
relatively few natural objects.
Long is Britain's best-known Land
purplish adj 略带紫色的
Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect
ring of purplish rocks from Portishead
高深精妙的， beach laid out（展示，安排，布置）
rarefied adj
曲高和寡的 on the gallery floor, represents the
elegant, rarefied side of the form.
Comprising artists Mark Boyle and
包含，包括， Joan Hills and their children, they
comprise v
由……组成 recreated random sections of the
British landscape on gallery walls.
brick-strewn adj 堆满砖头的
Their Olaf Street Study, a square of
brick-strewn waste ground, is one of
embrace v 囊括，涉及
the few works here to embrace the
commonplaceness that characterises
commonplaceness n 普通平凡
most of our experience of the
landscape most of the time.
characterise v 是……的特征
Parks feature, particularly in the
feature v 起重要作用
earlier works, such as John Hilliard's
散步者；流浪 very funny Across the Park, in which
stroller n a long-haired stroller is variously
者
不知不觉地； smiled at by a pretty girl and
unwittingly adv unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of
不知情
images that turn out to be different
assault v 攻击，袭击
parts of the same photograph.
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Generally however British land artists
preferred to get away from towns,
被吸引到，受 gravitating towards landscapes that
gravitate v
吸引而转向 are traditionally considered beautiful
such as the Lake District or the
Wiltshire Downs.
While it probably wasn't apparent at
permeate v 渗透，弥漫
the time, much of this work is
逃避现实，逃 permeated by a spirit of romantic
escapism n escapism that the likes of'(像这样的
避主义
轻而易举地， 人 或 事 ) Wordsworth would have
readily adv 快捷地，便利 readily understood.
地
Derek Jarman's yellow-tinted film
Towards Avebury, a collection of
long, mostly still shots（固定镜头）
evoke v 引起，唤起 of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a
tradition of English landscape
painting stretching from Samuel
Palmer to Paul Nash.
A typical work, such as Seven Days,
consists of a single beautiful black-
史诗般的，漫
epic adj and- white photograph taken on an
长而艰难的
epic walk, with the mileage and
number of days taken listed beneath.
谨慎地；适当 British Land Art as shown in this well
modestly adv
地 selected, but relatively modestly
scaled exhibition wasn't about
imposing on the landscape, more a
conceptual adj 概念上的 kind of landscape-orientated light
conceptual art created passing
through.
翻译
定义，使明
define v
确，规定 Most people would define optimism as
乐观；乐观主 being endlessly happy, with a glass that's
optimism n perpetually half full.
义
永恒地，持久
perpetually adv
地
cheerfulness n 高兴；快活
But that's exactly the kind of false
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心理学家，心 cheerfulness that positive psychologists
psychologist n
理学者 wouldn't recommend.
推荐，介绍；
recommend v
劝告，建议
授予，同意， When he feels down-say, after giving a
grant v
准予，允许 bad lecture-he grants himself permission
to be human.
permission n 允许，许可
Next is reconstruction.
reconstruction n 再现，重现
角度，观点，
perspective n
想法
包含，需要， Finally, there is perspective, which
involve v involves acknowledging that in the
涉及到
grand scheme of life, one lecture really
acknowledge v 承认（属实）
doesn't matter.
计划，方案，
scheme n
体系，体制
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