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2020 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。

完形填空
But defining what it means to be a good
parent is undoubtedly very tricky partic-
parenting n 养育，抚养
ularly since children respond differently
to the same style of parenting.
A calm, rule-following child might re-
rule-following adj 遵守规则的 spond better to a different sort of parent-
ing than, for example, a younger one.
You're only human, and sometimes your
push sb too far 逼人太甚
kids can push you just a little too far.
lose one’s pa-
失去耐心
tience And then the inevitable happens: You
lose your patience and either scream at
scream at sb 朝某人吼叫
your kids or say something that was too
harsh and does nobody any good?
do sb good 对某人有好处
You wish that you could turn back the
start over 从头开始
clock and start over.
However, even though it's common, it’s
keep in mind 记住
vital to keep in mind that in a single mo-
ment of fatigue, you can say something
fatigue n 疲劳，疲乏 to your child that you may regret for a
longtime.
This may not only do damage to your
self-esteem n 自尊 relationship with your child but also af-
fect your child's self-esteem.
If you consistently lose your cool with
consistently adv 一贯地；始终
your kids, then you are modeling a lack
of emotional control for your kids.
model v 塑造
A more practical goal is to try to be as
实际的，务实
practical adj calm as you can when faced with trying
的
situations involving your children.

阅读理解 Text1
Rats and other animals need to be
attuned adj 敏锐的
highly attuned to social signals from

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others so they can identify friends to co-

identify v 识别
operate with and enemies to avoid
They housed eight adult rats with two
house v 供……居住
types of robotic rat-one social and one
不合群的，缺 asocial-for four days.
asocial adj
乏社交性的

minimalist adj 极简抽象的

The robot rats were quite minimalist,
resemble v 像，类似
resembling a chunkier version of a
computer mouse with wheels to move
chunky adj 矮胖的
around and colourful markings.

marking n 标记
During the experiment, the social robot
受困的，被捕 rat followed the living rats around,
trapped adj
获的 played with the same toys, and opened
cage doors to let trapped rats escape.
Next, the researchers trapped the robots
release v 释放
in cages and gave the rats the oppor-
tunity to release them by pressing a
lever n 杠杆
lever.
Across18 trials each, the living rats
were 52 per cent more likely on average
trial n 试验
to set the social robot free than the aso-
cial one.
真正的，名副 This suggests that the rats perceived the
genuine adj
其实的 social robot as a genuine social being.
They may have bonded more with the
公共的，团体 social robot because it displayed behav-
communal adj
的 iours like communal exploring and
playing.
“Rats have been shown to engage in
multiple forms of reciprocal help and
cooperation, including what is referred
reciprocal adj 互惠的
to as direct reciprocity-where a rat will
help another rat that has previously
helped them,” says Quinn.
The readiness of the rats to befriend the
readiness n 愿意 social robot was surprising given its
minimal design.
The robot was the same size as a regular
regular adj 普通的 rat but resembled a simple plastic box
on wheels.

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“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a

moving head and tail, facial features,
and put a scent on it to make it smell
assume v 假定，设想 like a real rat, but that wasn't neces-
sary,” says Janet Wiles at the University
of Queensland in Australia, who helped
with the research.
The finding shows how sensitive rats
sensitive adj 敏感的 are to social cues, even when they come
from basic robots.
“We humans seem to be fascinated by
fascinate v 使着迷 robots, and it turns out other animals
are too,” says Wiles.

阅读理解 Text2
It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top
ones may make 300 times the pay of
typical workers on average, and since
varying adj 不同的 the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large pub-
licly traded American corporations has,
by varying estimates, gone up by
about500%.
The best model for understanding the
growth of CEO pay is that of limited
model n 模型 CEO talent in a world where business
opportunities for the top firms are
growing rapidly.
推动的，动力 The efforts of America's highest-earn-
dynamic adj
的；有干劲的 ing1% have been one of the more dy-
namic elements of the global economy.
element n 要素
CEOs must have a good sense of finan-
判断力，理解
sense n cial markets and maybe even how the
力
company should trade in them.
They also need better public relations
predecessor n 前任；前辈
skills than their predecessors, as the
costs of even a minor slipup can be sig-
slipup n 失误，疏忽
nificant.
难以置信的； To lead in that system requires
mind-boggling adj
十分惊人的 knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.
Plus, virtually all major American com-
plus adv 外加地；另外
panies are becoming tech companies,
often with their own research and de-
virtually adv 几乎
velopment.

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By most measures, corporate govern-

严格的；严厉
rigorous adj ance has become a lot tighter and more
的
rigorous since the1970s.
Yet it is principally during this period of
principally adv 主要地 stronger governance that CEO pay has
been high and rising.
That suggests it is in the broader corpo-
recruit v 招募；聘用 rate interest to recruit top candidates for
increasingly tough jobs.
舒适的；安逸
cozy adj
的 Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries
选中的人（或 are paid to outside candidates, not to the
物）；挑选出 cozy insider picks another sign that
pick n
来的人（或 high CEO pay is not some kind of dep-
物） redation at the expense of the rest of the
company.
depredation n 掠夺；劫掠
And the stock market reacts positively
say v 比方说；假设
when companies tie CEO pay to, say,
stock prices, a sign that those practices
stock n 股份；股票 build up corporate value not just for the
CEO.
证明；巩固； A brief dip into history serves to con-
confirm v firm this view.(来自网易有道词典）
加强
使有动机，使
motive v 产生动机；激 It helps motive inside candidates.
起（行动）
证明……正确 How can they justify paying such huge
justify v （或正当、有 salaries?(来自网易有道词典)
理）

阅读理解 Text3
Madrid was hailed as a public health
guiding light last November when it
restriction n 限制条例
rolled out ambitious restrictions on the
most polluting cars.
Seven months and one election day
suspend v （使）暂停
later, a new conservative city council
suspended enforcement of the clean air
enforcement n 执行，实施 zone, a first step toward its possible ter-
mination.

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Mayor Jose Luis Martinez Almeida

made opposition to the zone a centre-
centrepiece n 最重要的部分
piece of his election campaign, despite
its success in improving air quality.
overrule v 否决
A judge has now overruled the city's de-
cision to stop levying fines, ordering
decision n 决议
them restored.

levy v 征（税）
Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is
pointed adj 明显的
a pointed reminder of the limits to the
patchwork, city-by-city approach that
characterizes efforts on air pollution
patchwork n 拼凑之物
across Europe, Britain very much in-
cluded.
Among other weaknesses, the measures
employ v 使用，采用
cities must employ when left to tackle
易招致抨击 dirty air on their own are politically
vulnerable adj 的，易受攻击 controversial, and therefore vulnerable.
的
That's because they inevitably put the
inevitably adv 必然发生地
costs of cleaning the air on to individual
舞弊（指做违 drivers- who must pay fees or buy bet-
cheating n
法乱纪之事） ter vehicles-rather than on to the car
manufacturers whose cheating is the
toxic adj 有毒的
real cause of our toxic pollution.
（过程、政策 It's not hard to imagine a similar rever-
reversal n 或趋势的）逆 sal happening in London.
转
The new ultra- low emission zone
ultra- prefix. 极端/非常
(Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next
year's mayoral election.
issue n 议题
And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it
to the North and South Circular roads
in2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark
extend v 延伸，扩展
intense opposition from the far larger
number of motorists who will then be
affected.
Local officials are using the levers that
（用作施加压
are available to them to safeguard resi-
lever n 力等的）手
dents' health in the face of a serious
段，方法
threat.

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递送（货物 The zones do deliver some improve-

等），文中延 ments to air quality, and the science
deliver v
伸为“带来 tells us that means real health benefits.
（影响）”
But mayors and councilors can only do
councilor n 议员 so much about a problem that is far big-
ger than any one city or town.
有组织的活 Restrictions that keep highly polluting
effort n
动，特别行动 cars out of certain areas-city centres，
“school streets”，even individual roads
regulation n 法规；条例
are a response to the absence of a larger
effort to properly enforce existing reg-
compliance n 遵从，遵守 ulations and require auto companies to
bring their vehicles into compliance.
Wales has introduced special low speed
introduce v 采用，推行
limits to minimise pollution.
The old man's will was executed under
supervision n 监督，管理 the personal supervision of the lawyer.
（来自网易有道词典）

阅读理解 Text4
Everybody wants to know how the peo-
inhabit v 占据，留在
ple who will soon inhabit those empty
office cubicles will differ from those
cubicle n 小房间，隔间
who came before them.
使有权利，使 If “entitled” is the most common adjec-
entitle v
有资格 tive, fairly or not, applied to millennials
(those born between1981 and 1995),
millennial n 千禧一代
the catchwords for Generation Z are
关键词；代表 practical and cautious.
catchword n
性口号
According to the career counselors and
pragmatist n 实用主义者 experts who study them，Generation Zs
are cleareyed, economic pragmatists.
They were impressionable kids during
（尤因年轻
the crash of 2008，when many of their
impressionable adj 而）易受影响
parents lost their jobs or their life sav-
的
ings or both.
The booming economy seems to have
assuage v 缓和，减轻
done little to assuage this underlying
generational sense of anxious urgency,
根本的，潜在
underlying adj especially for those who have college
的
debt.

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College loan balances in the U.S. now

（债务的）余
balance n stand at a record$1.5 trillion, according
款，结欠
to the Federal Reserve.
One survey from Accenture found that
88 percent of graduating seniors this
senior n 毕业班学生
year chose their major with a job in
mind.
In a 2019 survey of University of Geor-
gia students, meanwhile, the career of-
fice found the most desirable trait in a
稳定的，稳固
secure adj future employer was the ability to offer
的
secure employment (followed by pro-
fessional development and training,
and then inspiring purpose).
Job security or stability was the second
most important career goal (work-life
有奉献精神
balance was number one), followed by
dedicated adj 的，满腔热忱
a sense of being dedicated to a cause or
的
to feel good about serving the greater
good.
“Millennials wanted more flexibility
flexibility n 灵活性，弹性
in their lives," notes Tanya Michelsen,
Associate Director of YouthSight ， a
associate adj 副的；准的
UK-based brand manager that conducts
regular 60-day surveys of British youth,
定期的，有规
regular adj in findings that might just as well apply
律的
to American youth.
财务的；金融 They have troubles seeing a financial
financial adj
的 future and they are quite risk averse.”

新题型
Give compliments, just not too many.
compliment n 赞扬，称赞

专门制作；调 Tailor your interactions

tailor v
整
If you have a bone to pick with someone
紧闭双唇，忍
tight-lipped adj in your workplace, you may try to stay
住不说的
tight-lipped around them.
A Harvard Business School study found
that observers consistently rated those
一贯地，始终
consistently adv who were frank about themselves more
如一地
highly, while those who hid lost trust-
worthiness.

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The lesson is not that you should make

painstakingly adv 煞费苦心地
your personal life an open book, but ra-
ther, when given the option to offer up
details about yourself or painstakingly
conceal v 隐藏；隐瞒
conceal them, you should just be hon-
est.
乐于倾听他人 Just as important as being honest about
receptive adj
意见的 yourself is being receptive to others.
We often feel the need to tell others how
偶尔发生（或
we feel, whether it's a concern about a
stray adj 遇到）的；零
project, a stray thought, or a compli-
星的
ment.
足够重要的， Those are all valid, but you need to take
valid adj
值得说或做的 time to hear out your coworkers, too.
Do your best to engage coworkers in a
真正的，名副 genuine，back-and-forth conversation,
genuine adj
其实的 rather than prioritizing your own
thoughts.
办公室的格子
cubicle n
间 It's common to have a “cubicle mate” or
（可吐露秘密 special confidant in a work setting.
confidant n
的）知己
But in addition to those trusted cowork-
（思想，经验
ers, you should expand your horizons
horizon n 等的）范围；
and find out about all the people around
眼界
you.
极少的，最少 It requires minimal effort and goes a
minimal adj
的 long way.
反馈意见或信 Positive feedback is important for any-
feedback n
息 one to hear.
And you don't have to be someone's
杰出的，卓越
exceptional adj boss to tell them they did an exceptional
的
job on a particular project.
This will help engender good will in
engender v 产生，引起
others.
做得过分，过 But don't overdo it or be fake about it.
overdo v
火
用言语或文字 Watch out for how they verbalize with
verbalize v
表达 others.
Some people like small talk in a meet-
ing before digging into important mat-
straightforward adj 直截了当的
ters, while others are more straightfor-
ward.

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成功，达到预 Jokes that work on one person won't

land v
期效果 necessarily land with another.

翻译
难以置信的； Or, we can look at failure as the incred-
incredible adj
极好的 ible learning experience that it often is.
Every time we fail at something, we can
lesson n 经验，教训 choose to look for the lesson we're
meant to learn.
Failures stop us only if we let them.
stop v 击败；阻挡
Failure can also teach us things about
与此不同地，
otherwise adv ourselves that we would never have
相反地
learned otherwise.
坚强的，强大 For instance, failure can help you dis-
strong adj
的 cover how strong a person you are.
Failing at something can help you dis-
意外的，意想
unexpected adj cover your truest friends, or help you
不到的
find unexpected motivation to succeed.

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