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2012 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来自于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。

完形填空
Millions of Americans and foreigners
see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the
没头脑的，盲
mindless adj symbol of American military adventur-
目的，无谓的
ism（军事冒险主义）, but that's not
how it used to be.
解放，使…… To the men and women who served in
liberate V
自由 World War I and the people they liber-
ated, the G. I. was the common man
foxhole n 散兵坑
grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn
away from his home, the guy who bore
all the burdens of battle, who slept in
cold foxholes, who went without the ne-
庇护处，庇护
shelter n cessities of food and shelter, who stuck
所
it out（坚持到底，忍受下去） and
drove back the Nazi reign of murder（纯
粹的杀戮统治）.
志愿者，自告
volunteer n
奋勇者 This was not a volunteer soldier, not
凶猛的，凶狠 someone well paid, but an average guy,
fierce adj
的 up against the best trained, best
残忍的，野蛮 equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies
brutal adj
的 seen in centuries.
缩写词，缩写 G. I. is just a military abbreviation
abbreviation n
形式 meaning Government Issue, and it was
on all of the articles handed out to sol-
article n 物件，物品
diers.
Joe had a distinguished career fighting
career n 生涯，履历
German, Japanese, and Korean troops.
He appears as a character or a collection
personality n 性格，个性
of American personalities in the 1945
movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on
correspondent n 记者，通讯员 the last days of war correspondent Ernie
Pyle.
扮演（某角 Some of the soldiers Pyle interviewed
portray v
色） portrayed themselves in the film.
报道，电视报 Pyle was famous for covering the hu-
cover v
道 man side of the war, writing about the

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dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how

用武力夺取，
capture v many miles were gained or what
攻占
towns were captured or liberated.
（报刊中与政 His reports paralleled the “Willie” car-
治和时事有关 toons of famed Stars and Stripes artist
cartoon n
的）漫画，讽 Bill Maulden.
刺画
筋疲力尽，耗 Both men emphasized the dirt and ex-
exhaustion n
尽 haustion of war, the fragments of civili-
zation that the soldiers shared with each
文明，社会文
civilization n other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco,
明
whiskey, shelter, sleep.

阅读理解 Text1
Homework has never been terribly pop-
ular with students and even many par-
scorn v 蔑视，鄙视
ents, but in recent years it has been par-
ticularly scorned.
School districts across the country, most
revise v 改变，修正
recently Los Angeles Unified, are revis-
惯例，老规 ing their thinking on this educational
ritual n ritual.
矩，例行公事
僵化的，缺乏 Unfortunately, L.A. Unified ha as pro-
inflexible□
超
adj
弹性的 duced an inflexible policy which man-
dates that with the exception of some
advanced courses, homework may no
mandate□
超
v 命令，指示
longer count for more than 10% of a stu-
dent's academic grade.
（着手）解
address v 决、处理（处 This rule is meant to address the diffi-
理） culty that students from impoverished
or chaotic homes might have in com-
impoverished□
超
adj 贫困的
pleting their homework.

chaotic□
超
adj 混乱的
But the policy is unclear and contradic-
contradictory adj 矛盾的
tory.
本质上，根本 But if the district is essentially giving a
essentially adv
上 pass to students who do not do their
homework because of complicated fam-
pass n 通行证
ily lives, it is going riskily close to the
implication that standards need to be
implication n 含义，暗示
lowered for poor children.

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But with homework counting for no

不做（本来应 more than 10% of their grades, students
skip v 做或常做的 can easily skip half their homework and
事） see very little difference on their report
cards(成绩单).
授权（某人或
empower v 某组织做某 Yet rather than empowering teachers to
事） find what works best for their students,
the policy imposes a flat, across- the-
flat adj 固定的
board rule.
across-the-
adj 一刀切的
board
At the same time, the policy addresses
thorny adj 棘手的 none of the truly thorny questions about
homework.
相反地，另一 Conversely ， if homework matters, it
conversely adv
方面 should account for a significant portion
（某物的）一 of the grade.
portion n
部分
The homework rules should be put on
hold(搁置，暂缓实施) while the school
听证会，审
hearing n board, which is responsible for setting
讯，聆讯
educational policy, looks into the matter
and conducts public hearings.

阅读理解 Text2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not re-
普通的，无处 member being so obsessed with the col-
pervasive adj our，yet it is pervasive in our young
不在的
girls' lives.
从本质上 It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but
intrinsically adv
（讲） it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and,
though it may celebrate girlhood in one
celebrate v 表扬、歌颂
way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses
girls' identity to appearance.
fuse v 使熔合
Looking around, I despaired at the sin-
突出的，非凡
singular adj gular lack of imagination about girls'
的
lives and interests.
Girls’ attraction to pink may seem un-
encode v 编码，加密
avoidable, somehow encoded in their
DNA，but according to Jo Paoletti, an
associate adj 副的 associate professor of American Stud-
ies, it is not.

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育儿室，托儿 When nursery colours were introduced,

nursery n
所 pink was actually considered the more
masculine colour, a pastel version of
（色彩）淡
pastel adj red, which was associated with strength.
的，柔和的
It was not until the mid-1980s, when
amplifying age and sex differences be-
came a dominant children's marketing
strategy, that pink fully came into its
amplify v 扩大，增强
own, when it began to seem inherently
attractive to girls, part of what defined
them as female, at least for the first few
critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly mar-
keting trends dictated our perception of
dictate v 控制，支配 what is natural to kids, including our
core beliefs about their psychological
development.
Take the toddler.
toddler n 幼童
Turns out, according to Daniel Cook,
a historian of childhood consumerism,
consumerism n 消费主义
it was popularised as a marketing trick
by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled depart-
ment stores that, in order to increase
counsel v 建议 sales, they should create a “third step-
ping stone” between infant wear and
older kids' clothes.
Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier
split v 分裂，分开 categories has proved a sure-fire way to
boost profits.
分割，划分， And one of the easiest ways to segment
segment v
细分 a market is to magnify gender differ-
ences-or invent them where they did not
magnify v 放大，扩大
previously exist.

阅读理解 Text3

patent n 专利证书
Companies had won patents for isolated
分离（物质、 DNA for decades - by 2005 some 20%
isolate v 疾病等以作研 of human genes were patented.
究）

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激烈地，强烈
violently adv
地 Executives were violently agitated
紧张不安的，
agitated adj
焦虑的
The Biotechnology Industry Organisa-
初步的，预备 tion(BIO),a trade group, assured mem-
preliminary adj bers that this was just a “preliminary
的
step” in a longer battle.

overturn v 使倾覆，打翻
A federal appeals court overturned the
先前的，较早 prior decision，ruling that Myriad Ge-
prior adj netics could indeed hold patents to two
的
genes that help forecast a woman's risk
rule v 判决，裁定
of breast cancer.
幸事，幸运，
blessing n
福气 The chief executive of Myriad, a com-
同样都（用于 pany in Utah, said the ruling was a
alike adv 强调刚刚提及 blessing to firms and patients alike.
的两者）
But as companies continue their at-
personalised adj 个性化的 tempts at personalised medicine, the
courts will remain rather busy.
镇压，制止，
suppress v
压制 Gene patents suppress innovation rather
酬谢，报答， than reward it.
reward v
奖赏
垄断者，垄断 And patents' monopolies restrict access
monopoly n
企业 to genetic tests such as Myriad's.
提出，提交， In October the Department of Justice
file v
发表 filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing
that an isolated DNA molecule “is no
less a product of nature... than are cotton
molecule n 分子
fibres that have been separated from
cotton seeds.”
For example, it is unclear whether the
genome n 基因组
sequencing of a whole genome violates
the patents of individual genes within it.
violate v 侵犯

As the industry advances, however,

advance v 进步，进展
other suits may have an even greater im-
pact.
suit n 诉讼，讼案

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Companies are unlikely to file many

more patents for human DNA mole-
domain n 领域，范围
cules - most are already patented or in
the public domain.
互动，相互作 Firms are now studying how genes in-
interact v
用 teract, looking for correlations that
相互关系，关 might be used to determine the causes
correlation n of disease or predict a drug's efficacy.
联

convention n 会议
（一系列会议 The BIO recently held a convention
session n 中的一次）会 which included sessions to coach law-
议 yers on the shifting landscape for pa-
移动着的，变 tents.
shifting adj
化着的
landscape n 形势
挤满人的形 Each meeting was packed.
packed adj 势，非常拥挤
的

阅读理解 Text4
Before it ends, it will likely change the
自然的进展，
course n life course and character of a generation
通常的过程
of young adults.
And ultimately, it is likely to reshape
reshape v 重塑 our politics, our culture, and the charac-
ter of our society for years.
No one tries harder than the jobless to
lining n 衬里，里子 find silver linings in this national eco-
nomic disaster.
实利主义的， Many said that unemployment, while
materialistic adj 物质主义的 extremely painful, had improved them
（含贬义） in some ways: they had become less
明智谨慎的， materialistic and more financially pru-
prudent adj dent.
节俭的
In limited respects, perhaps the reces-
respect n 方面
sion will leave society better off.
狂热，高度兴 At the very least, it has awoken us from
fever n
奋 our national fever dream of easy riches
轻率的，鲁莽 and bigger houses, and put a necessary
reckless adj 的，不顾后果 end to an era of reckless personal spend-
的 ing.

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长时间的，过 In The Moral Consequences of Eco-

lengthy adj
长的 nomic Growth, the economic historian
Benjamin Friedman argues that both in-
stagnation n 经济停滞
side and outside the U.S.，lengthy peri-
ods of economic stagnation or decline
mean-spirited adj 心胸狭隘的
have almost always left society more
mean-spirited and less inclusive, and
包容的，范围
inclusive adj have usually stopped or reversed the ad-
广阔的
vance of rights and freedoms.
Anti-immigrant sentiment typically in-
观点，感想，
sentiment n creases, as does conflict between races
意见
and classes.
Income inequality usually falls during a
（使）缩小，
shrink v recession, but it has not shrunk in this
（使）收缩
one.
Indeed, this period of economic weak-
ness may reinforce class divides, and
reinforce v 加强，强化
decrease opportunities to cross them -
especially for young people.
逐渐发展；升 The research of Till Von Wachter, the
graduate v
级 economist in Columbia University, sug-
gests that not all people graduating into
dim v （使）变黯淡 a recession see their life chances
dimmed……
In the Internet age, it is particularly easy
怨气，怨恨，
resentment n to see the resentment that has always
不满
been hidden within American society.
识别，看清， More difficult, in the moment, is dis-
discern v
领悟 cerning precisely how these lean times
are affecting society's character.
lean adj 不景气的
In many respects, the U.S. was more so-
cially tolerant entering this recession
民意调查，民
poll n than at any time in its history, and a va-
意测验
riety of national polls on social conflict
since then have shown mixed results.
.

新题型
“Universal history, the history of what
accomplish v 完成，实现
man has accomplished in this world, is
at bottom the History of the Great Men
sage n 哲人，先知 who have worked here,” wrote the Vic-
torian sage Thomas Carlyle.

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时尚，时髦， This could be no more than a passing

craze n
热潮 literary craze, but it also points to a
broader truth about how we now ap-
对付，处理， proach the past: less concerned with
approach v
研究 learning from our forefathers and more
interested in feeling their pain.
同情，同感，
empathy n
共鸣 Today, we want empathy, not inspira-
tion.
inspiration n 启示，鼓舞

From the earliest days of the Renais-

模范的，可做 sance（文艺复兴时期），the writing of
exemplary adj
楷模的 history meant recounting the exemplary
lives of great men.
In 1337, Petrarch began work on his
（讲话或文 rambling writing De Viris Illustribus-
rambling adj
章）杂乱无章 On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus
(or virtue) of classical heroes.
champion v 捍卫，维护
In The Prince, he championed cunning,
ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than
cunning n 狡猾，狡诈
virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of
successful leaders.
ruthlessness n 无情，冷酷
The Romantics commemorated the
leading painters and authors of their
commemorate v 庆祝，纪念 day, stressing the uniqueness of the
artist's personal experience rather than
public glory.
By contrast, the Victorian author Sam-
uel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a cata-
catalogue n 目录，名录
logue of the worthy lives of engineers,
industrialists and explorers.
“The valuable examples which they
furnish v 提供，供应
furnish of the power of self-help, of pa-
坚决的，坚定 tient purpose, resolute working and
resolute adj steadfast integrity, issuing in the for-
的
mation of truly noble and manly charac-
忠诚的，坚贞 ter, exhibit,” wrote Smiles, “what it is
steadfast adj in the power of each to accomplish for
不渝的
himself”.

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His biographies of James Watt, Richard

引路人，指路 Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were
beacon n
明灯 held up as beacons to guide the working
man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas
过分追求名利
Carlyle, who focused his biographies on
的，注重物质
bourgeois adj the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther,
享受的；市侩
Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bona-
的，庸俗的
parte.
These epochal figures represented lives
具有时代意义 hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged
epochal adj
的 as possessing higher authority than
mere mortals.
空洞华丽的 Not everyone was convinced by such
bombast n
（言论） bombast .
“The history of all hitherto existing
society is the history of class struggles,”
hitherto adv 迄今，至今
wrote Marx and Engels in The Com-
munist Manifesto.
immense adj 巨大的
For them, history did nothing, it pos-
发动，进行 sessed no immense wealth nor waged
wage v （战争，战 battles:“ It is man, real, living man who
斗） does all that.”
In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nur-
nurture v 培养，培育 tured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson
and Eric Hobsbawm.
拆去（衣料或
编结物上的）
针脚，撬开， Whole new realms of understanding -
unpick v
例句中引申为 from gender to race to cultural studies
“分析，研 -were opened up as scholars unpicked
究” the multiplicity of lost societies.

multiplicity n 多样性
And it transformed public history too:
downstairs n 底层（阶级）
downstairs became just as fascinating as
upstairs.
upstairs n 上层（阶级）

翻译
When people in developing countries
migration n 移民
worry about migration, they are usually

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前景，很可能 concerned at the prospect of their best

prospect n
会发生的事情 and brightest departure to Silicon Valley
or to hospitals and universities in the de-
departure n 离开，启程
veloped world.
These are the kind of workers that coun-
给予……特 tries like Britain, Canada and Australia
privilege v
权；特别优待 try to attract by using immigration rules
that privilege college graduates.
Lots of studies have found that well-ed-
emigrate v 移居国外 ucated people from developing coun-
tries are particularly likely to emigrate.
They fear that it hurts their economies,
depriving them of much-needed skilled
workers who could have taught at their
deprive v 剥夺
universities, worked in their hospitals
and come up with clever new products
for their factories to make.

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