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2018 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。
完形填空
Why do people read negative Internet
令人痛苦的；
painful adj comments and do other things that will
令人不快的
obviously be painful?
内在的，固有 Because humans have an inherent need
inherent adj 的；生来就有 to resolve uncertainty, according to a re-
的 cent study in Psychological Science.
乐意；心甘情 In a series of four experiments，behav-
willingness n
愿 ioral scientists at the University of Chi-
cago and the Wisconsin School of Busi-
刺激（物）
ness tested students’ willingness to ex-
stimuli n （stimulus 的
pose themselves to unpleasant stimuli in
复数）
an effort to satisfy curiosity.
This is another new twist.（来自网易有
twist n 意外转折
道词典）
Half of the pens would deliver an elec-
shock n 电击，触电
tric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told which
pens were electrified; another twenty-
electrified adj 带电的
seven were told only that some were
electrified.
When left alone in the room, the stu-
dents who did not know which ones
招致；遭受；
incur v would shock them clicked more pens
引起
and incurred more shocks than the stu-
dents who knewwhatwould_8.
随后的，
subsequent adj
继……之后的 Subsequent experiments reproduced
使再次发生； this effect with other stimuli, such as the
reproduce v sound of fingernails on a chalkboard
再现
and photographs of disgusting insects.
fingernail n 手指甲
chalkboard n 黑板
基本的需求， The drive to discover is deeply rooted in
drive n
基本欲求 humans, much the same as the basic
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drives for food or shelter, says Christo-
栖身之地，住
shelter n pher Hsee of the University of
处；庇护所
Chicago.
Curiosity is often considered a good
instinct n 本能；直觉
instinct-it can lead to new scientific ad-
产生事与愿违 vances, for instance -but sometimes
backfire v such inquiry can backfire.
的结果
洞悉；深刻见 The insight that curiosity can drive you
insight n
解 to do self-destructive things is a pro-
知识渊博的； found one.
profound adj
理解深刻的
查明；测定， These results suggest that imagining
determine v the outcome of following through(进行
确定
到底；坚持完成 ) on one's curiosity
ahead of time（提前，提早） can help
endeavor n 尝试，努力
determine whether it is worth the en-
deavor.
阅读理解 Text1
证明别人认为
不合理的事有 It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels
justify v
道理，为…… almost as though he has to justify his ef-
辩护 forts to give his students a better future.
effort n 努力，试图
开创性的，探 Mr. Koziatek is part of something pio-
pioneering adj
索性的 neering.
He is a teacher at a New Hampshire
实际的，动手 high school where learning is not some-
practical adj
的 thing of books and tests and mechanical
memorization, but practical.
When did it become accepted wisdom
name v 叫出，说出
that students should be able to name
完全地，十足 the13th president of the United States
utterly adv but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken
地
bike chain?
overwhelm v 使不知所措
Nothing is necessarily gained by forc-
涂鸦，乱涂乱 ing students to learn geometry at a graf-
graffiti v
画 fitied desk stuck with generations of
discarded chewing gum.
insidious adj 暗中危害的
But he's also found a kind of insidious
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prejudice.
prejudice n 偏见
Working with your hands is seen as al-
inferiority n 低等，劣等
most a mark of inferiority.
Schools in the family of vocational ed-
纯理论地，学
ucation “have that stereotype… that it's
academically adv 术上地（与实
for kids who can't make it academi-
践相对）
cally,” he says.
The job security that the US economy
evaporate v 逐渐消逝 once offered to high school graduates
has largely evaporated.
But the headlong push into bachelor's
headlong adj 轻率[仓促]的
degrees for all - and the subtle devalu-
ing of anything less - misses an im-
subtle adj 微妙的
portant point: That's not the only thing
the American economy needs.
devalue v 贬低
In other words, at a time when the work-
ing class has turned the country on its
political head, frustrated that the oppor-
vanish v 消失
tunity that once defined America is van-
ishing，one obvious solution is staring
us in the face.
When education becomes one-size-fits-
diversity n 多样性，差异
all, risks overlooking a nation's diver-
sity of gifts.
gift n 天赋
阅读理解 Text2
粗略地，大致 While fossil fuels-coal, oil, gas-still
roughly adv
上 generate roughly 85 percent of the
world's energy supply, it's clearer than
可再生的，可
renewable adj ever that the future belongs to renewa-
恢复的
ble sources such as wind and solar.
The move to renewables is picking up
momentum around the world: They
momentum n 势头
now account for more than half of new
power sources going on line.
Some growth stems from a commit-
commitment n 承诺
ment by governments and farsighted
businesses to fund cleaner energy
farsighted adj 有远见的
sources.
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But increasingly the story is about the
直线下降的，
plummeting adj plummeting prices of renewables, es-
暴跌的
pecially wind and solar.
In many parts of the world renewable
最重要的，主
principal adj energy is already a principal energy
要的
source.
尤其是，特别 While the rest of the world takes the
notably adv
地 lead, notably China and Europe, the
United States is also seeing a remarka-
remarkable adj 显著的
ble shift.
underline v 强调
President Trump has underlined fossil
（有助于实现 fuels- especially coal-as the path to eco-
path n 某事得）道 nomic growth.
路，途径
In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed
拒绝考虑，否
dismiss v wind power as an unreliable energy
定
source.
But that message did not play well with
many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot
the fields and provide 36 percent of the
可用性，可得
availability n state's electricity generation and where
性
tech giants like Microsoft are being at-
tracted by the availability of clean en-
ergy to power their data centers.
聪明的，敏锐
quick adj 得，脑子反应 The question “what happens when the
快的 wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't
贬损的话，奚 shine?” has provided a quick put- down
put-down n for skeptics.
落的话
持怀疑态度的
skeptic n
人
The advance is driven in part by vehicle
advance n 进步，进展 manufacturers, who are placing big bets
on battery powered electric vehicles.
（尺寸、数 Although electric cars are still a rarity
massive adj 量、规模）非 on roads now, this massive investment
常大的 could change the picture rapidly in com-
ing years.
picture n 情况，局面
（数量或比率 While there's a long way to go, the trend
spike v
的）激增 lines for renewables are spiking.
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The pace of change in energy sources
有意义的，重 appears to be speeding up-perhaps just
meaningful adj
要的 in time to have a meaningful effect in
slowing climate change.
阅读理解 Text3
高级的，高端 The power and ambition of the giants of
upmarket adj
的 the digital economy is astonishing-Am-
azon has just announced the purchase of
the upmarket grocery chain Whole-
Foodsfor$13.5bn，but two years ago Fa-
acquire v 购得，得到 cebook paid even more than that to ac-
quire the WhatsApp messaging service,
which doesn't have any physical prod-
uct at all.
What WhatsApp offered Facebook was
intricate adj 错综复杂的
an intricate and finely detailed web of
详尽的；精细 its users' friendships and social lives.
detailed adj
的；细致的
Even without knowing what was in the
enormously adv 极其，非常
messages, the knowledge of who sent
揭示内情的， them and to whom was enormously re-
revealing adj vealing and still could be.
泄密的
（小组或团队 What political journalist, what party
makeup n 的）组成，构 whip, would not want to know the
成 makeup of the WhatsApp groups in
which Theresa May's enemies are cur-
plot v 密谋，策划
rently plotting?
（着手）解 Competition law appears to be the only
address v 决，处理（问 way to address these imbalances of
题） power.
笨拙、不灵活
clumsy adj 的；使用不便 But it is clumsy.
的
纠正，改正； By the time a problem has been ad-
remedy v
治疗，救治 dressed and remedied it may have van-
ished in the marketplace, to be replaced
abuse n 滥用
by new abuses of power.
观念上的，概 But there is a deeper conceptual prob-
conceptual adj lem，too.
念上的
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That would be the people who buy ad-
vertising from them-and Facebook and
实际上的； Google, the two virtual giants, dominate
virtual adj
[计]虚拟的 digital advertising to the disadvantage
of all other media and entertainment
companies.
使转变，转 The product they're selling is data, and
convert v 化；改装，改 we, the users, convert our lives to data
造 for the benefit of the digital giants.
养殖，耕种；
farm v
承包出去 Just as some ants farm the bugs called
昆虫，小虫 aphids for the honeydew they produce
bug n when they feed, so Google farms us for
子；缺陷
the data that our digital lives yield.
aphid n 蚜虫
捕食性的，食 Ants keep predatory insects away from
predatory adj
肉的 where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps
垃圾邮件发送 the spammers out of our inboxes.
spammer n
者
The ants analogy is used to illustrate the
类推；类似；
analogy n relationship between digital giants and
类比
their users.
阅读理解 Text4
To combat the trap of putting a premium
combat v 防止，减轻
on being busy, Cal Newport, author of
Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success
心烦意乱的， in a Distracted World, recommends
distracted adj
思想不集中的 building a habit of “deep work"-the
ability to focus without distraction.
静修期间（或
retreat n
活动） There are a number of approaches to
程序，仪规； mastering the art of deep work-be it
ritual n lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific
习惯
新闻工作 task; developing a daily ritual; or taking
journalistic adj a “journalistic” approach to seizing mo-
（者）的
抓住，把握 ments of deep work when you can
seize v （机会、时 throughout the day.
机、主动等）
当前的，迫切 She demanded an immediate explana-
immediate adj tion.（来自网易有道词典）
的
日程安排，排 Newport also recommends “deep
scheduling n
程 scheduling” to combat constant
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interruptions and get more done in less
interruption n 打扰，打岔
time.
At any given point, I should have deep
roughly adv 大约，差不多 work scheduled for roughly the next
month.
Another approach to getting more done
prioritise v 按重要性排列
in less time is to rethink how you prior-
itise your day-in particular how we craft
craft v 精心制作
our to-do lists.
结构良好的， While the researchers assumed that the
well-structured adj
条理清晰的 well-structured daily plans would be
most effective when it came to the exe-
使失去动力， cution of tasks, they were wrong: the
demotivate v
使消极 detailed daily plans demotivated stu-
dents.
使变得；使处 Harford argues that inevitable distrac-
render v
于某状态 tions often render the daily to-do list in-
effective, while leaving room for im-
improvisation n 即兴表演
provisation in such a list can reap the
收获，取得 best results.
reap v
（成果）
In order to make the most of our focus
and energy, we also need to embrace
downtime n 停工期，休息
downtime，or as Newport suggests，“be
lazy”.
idleness n 懒惰，空闲
“Idleness” is not just a vacation, an in-
indulgence n 沉溺，放纵
dulgence or a vice.
vice n 恶行，堕落
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of
psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,
psychiatry n 精神病学 believes this counterintuitive link be-
tween downtime and productivity may
be due to the way our brains operate.
“What people don't realise is that in or-
der to complete these tasks they need
circuit n 电路，回路
to use both the focus and unfocus cir-
cuits in their brain,” says Pillay.
可取的，理想 a desirable mental state for busy people
desirable adj
的
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新题型
Pay a unique compliment.
compliment n 赞扬，称赞
Skip the small talk.
skip v 跳过，略过
You meet new people every day: the
grocery n 食品杂货店
grocery worker, the cab driver, new
people at work or the security guard at
cab n 出租车
the door.
You wanted to say something-the first
stuck adj 卡住的 word-but it just won't come out, it feels
like it is stuck somewhere.
I truly believe that once you get that
（说话或思
flow v first word out everything else will just
考）流畅
flow.
（生活或工
rut n 作）刻板乏 Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of
味，一成不变 “hi”，“hello”，"how are you?” and
颠簸，震动， “what is going on?” you will fail to
摇晃；一阵强 give the initial jolt to the conversation
jolt n 烈的感情（尤 that can make it so memorable.
指震惊或惊
讶）
Imagine you are pouring your heart out
to someone and they are just busy on
同时做多件事
multitask v their phone, and if you ask for their at-
情
tention you get the response “I can
multitask”.
So when someone tries to communi-
wholeheartedly adv 全心全意地 cate with you, just be in that commu-
nication wholeheartedly.
留下印象， When you make eye contact, you can
feel v
给……感觉 feel the conversation.
令人尴尬的， Isn't that awkward!
awkward adj
令人难堪的
投资者；投入 When you remember such things you
investor n （时间等）的 can automatically become investor in
人 their wellbeing.
翻译
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A fifth grader gets a homework assign-
grader n ……年级学生 ment to select his future career path
from a list of occupations.
He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds
tick v 打勾；打对号
“scientist” to the list and selects it as
well.
astronaut n 宇航员
The boy is convinced that if he reads
坚信的；深信
convinced adj enough, he can explore as many career
的
paths as he likes.
And so he reads-everything from ency-
encyclopedia n 百科全书
clopedias to science fiction novels.
He reads so passionately that his parents
制定（政策
institute v have to institute a “no reading policy” at
等）；实行
the dinner table.
（书刊的）一 Gates chooses nonfiction titles because
title n
种，一本 they explain how the world works.
“Each book opens up new avenues of
avenue n 途径；手段
knowledge to explore”，Gates says.
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