Tortilla Flat (1942)

Tortilla Flat (1942) is an American drama film directed by Victor Fleming and starring Spencer Tracy, John Garfield and Hedy Lamarr. The screenplay is based on the 1935 novel by John Steinbeck about a group of work-shirking, wine-guzzling tramps.


Belgian collectors card by Kwatta, Series C, no. 154 Photo: MGM. Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942).


Belgian collector card by Kwatta, Series C, no. 166. Photo: MGM. Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942).


Belgian collectors card by Kwatta, Series C, no. 174. Photo: MGM. John Garfield and Spencer Tracy in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942).

A little idyll filled with solid humour and compassion

Crafty Pilon (Spencer Tracy) lies in the sun and thinks beautiful thoughts, especially about how to take advantage, nicely, of his pals. Their biggest concern each day is how they're going to acquire wine. pilon is one of the poor but lazy paisanos, living along the coast of California. His young and magnetic sidekick Danny Alvarez (John Garfield) inherits from his grandfather two houses in Tortilla Flat, in the central coastal area of California, just outside the old seaport town of Monterey. So Pilon decides to take advantage of him and brings in all his friends to live in one of the houses.

One of the friends, the Pirate (Frank Morgan), is a paisano who goes around with a bunch of dogs. He lives like a tramp but has plenty of money hidden in the woods. He is the only one in the group who does odd jobs. The Pirate is trying to save money to buy a silver golden stick for the Statue of St. Francis in the local Catholic Church. Pilon endeavors to steal the money, until he discovers that the Pirate intends to honour St. Francis for healing his sick dog. The dog is later run over and killed.

When the house of the paisanos burns down, Danny offers his friends to move into the other house with him. In gratitude, Pilon tries to make life better for his friend. Things are fine at first until Danny meets a pretty girl named Dolores (Hedy Lamarr). Then Danny begins to grow less irresponsible, to the horrified disgust of Pilon. Danny actually goes to work in a fishing business.

A misunderstanding caused by Pilon about a vacuum cleaner that Danny had bought for the girl enrages Danny. He becomes drunk and a bit crazy. He almost dies in an accident while interrupting the girl at her work in a cannery, but through Pilon's prayers, he is restored to health. Danny marries his sweetheart, with the promise that he will become a fisherman, now that Pilon has raised the money to buy a boat.

The film's happy ending is different from the novel's ending, in which Danny dies after a fall. Film critic Bosley Crowther of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, writing that the film "is really a little idyll which turns its back on a workaday world...it is filled with solid humour and compassion — and that is pleasant, even for folks who have to work". Frank Morgan received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his poignant portrayal of The Pirate.


French postcard by Editions La Malibran, Saint-Dié, no. CA 22. Photo: M.G.M. Spencer Tracy, Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942).


Spanish postcard, no. 4072. Photo: M.G.M. Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942). The Spanish title is La vida es asi.


American postcard by EKC. Photo: W.T. Gray, Los Angeles. Hedy Lamarr.

Sources: Bosley Crowther (The New York Times), Wikipedia (Dutch, German and English) and IMDb.

John Garfield

American actor John Garfield (1913-1952) played brooding, rebellious, working-class characters. Garfield is seen as a predecessor of such Method actors as Marlon Brando, Montgomery Clift, and James Dean. Called to testify before the U.S. Congressional House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), he denied communist affiliation and refused to 'name names', which effectively ended his film career. The stress led to his premature death at 39 from a heart attack.


Spanish postcard by Soberanas. John Garfield in Under My Skin (Jean Negulesco, 1950).


British postcard in the Picturegoer Series, London, no. 1262. Photo: Warner.


British postcard in the Picturegoer Series, no. W 769. Photo: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

A name above the title

John Garfield was born Jacob Julius Garfinkle on the Lower East Side of New York City, to Hannah Basia (Margolis) and David Garfinkle, who were Jewish immigrants from Zhytomyr (now in Ukraine). Jules was raised by his father, a clothes presser and part-time cantor, after his mother died in 1920, when he was 7. He grew up in the heart of the Yiddish Theatre District. Jacob was sent to a special school for problem children, where he was introduced to boxing and drama. As a boy, he won a state-wide oratory contest sponsored by the New York Times with Benjamin Franklin as his subject. Garfield later won a scholarship to Maria Ouspenskaya's drama school.

In 1932, he landed a non-paying job at Eva Le Gallienne's Civic Repertory, where he was recommended by his acting teachers Maria Ouspenskaya and Richard Boleslawski. He changed his name to Jules Garfield and according to IMDb, he made his Broadway debut in that company's 'Counsellor-at-Law', written by Elmer Rice and starring Paul Muni. Wikipedia writes that this was actually his second Broadway appearance and that Garfield made his Broadway debut in 1932 in a play called 'Lost Boy', which ran for only two weeks.

Later, he joined the Group Theatre company, winning acclaim for his role as Ralph, the sensitive young son who pleads for "a chance to get to the first base" in 'Awake and Sing'. The play opened in February 1935, and Garfield was singled out by critic Brooks Atkinson for having a "splendid sense of character development." However, Garfield was passed over for the lead in 'Golden Boy', which had especially been written for him by author Clifford Odets. When the play was first produced by the Group Theatre in 1938, the powers that be decided Garfield wasn't 'ready' to play the role of the young violinist turned boxer. Luther Adler subsequently created the role.

Embittered, Garfield signed a contract with Warner Brothers, who changed his name to John Garfield. Because both Garfield and his wife did not want to 'go Hollywood,' he had a clause in his Warner contract that allowed him to perform in a legitimate play every year at his option. The couple also refused to own a home in Tinseltown. Garfield won enormous praise for his role as the cynical and tragic composer Mickey Borden in Four Daughters (Michael Curtiz, 1938), starring Claude Rains. For his part, he was nominated for the Oscar for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.

After the breakout success of Four Daughters, Warner Bros created a name-above-the-title vehicle for him, the crime film They Made Me a Criminal (Busby Berkeley, 1939). Garfield had already made a B movie called Blackwell's Island (William C. McGann, 1939). Not wanting their new star to appear in a low-budget film, Warners ordered an A movie upgrade by adding $100,000 to its budget and recalling director Michael Curtiz to shoot newly scripted scenes.


British postcard. Film Partner series, No. PC 303. John Garfield and Priscilla Lane in Four Daughters (Michael Curtiz, Warner Bros. 1938).


Belgian collectors card by Kwatta, Bois D'Haine, no. C. 174. Photo: M.G.M. John Garfield and Spencer Tracy in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942).


Spanish postcard, no. 4072. Photo: M.G.M. Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942). The Spanish title is La vida es asi.

Brooding, rebellious roles

At the onset of World War II, John Garfield immediately attempted to enlist in the armed forces but was turned down because of his heart condition. Frustrated, he turned his energies to supporting the war effort. He and actress Bette Davis were the driving forces behind the opening of the Hollywood Canteen, a club offering food and entertainment for American servicemen.

He travelled overseas to help entertain the troops, made several bond-selling tours and starred in a string of popular, patriotic films like Air Force (Howard Hawks, 1943), Destination Tokyo (Delmer Daves, 1943) with Cary Grant, and Pride of the Marines (Delmer Faves, 1945) with Eleanor Parker. All were box office successes.

Throughout his film career, John Garfield, again and again, played brooding, rebellious roles despite his efforts to play varied parts. Garfield became one of Warner Bros' most suspended stars. He was suspended 11 times during his nine years at the studio. After the war, Garfield starred in a series of successful films such as the Film Noir The Postman Always Rings Twice (Tay Garnett, 1946) with Lana Turner, and the showbiz melodrama Humoresque (Jean Negulesco, 1946) with Joan Crawford.

When his Warner Bros. contract expired in 1946, he did not re-sign with the studio, opting to start his own independent production company instead. Garfield was one of the first Hollywood actors to do so. In the Best Picture Oscar-winning Gentleman's Agreement (Elia Kazan, 1947), Garfield took a featured but supporting, part because he believed deeply in the film's exposé of antisemitism in America.

In 1948, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his starring role in Body and Soul (Robert Rossen, 1947) with Lilli Palmer. That same year, Garfield returned to Broadway in the play 'Skipper Next to God'.


Belgian collectors card by Kwatta, Series C, no. 154 Photo: MGM. Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942).


Belgian collectors card by Kwatta, Series C, no. 166. Photo: MGM. Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield in Tortilla Flat (Victor Fleming, 1942).


Belgian collectors card by Kwatta, Bois d'Haine, no. C. 173. Photo: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Lana Turner and John Garfield in The Postman Always Rings Twice (Tay Garnett, 1946). Collection: Geoffrey Donaldson Institute.

Refusing to name names

Active in liberal political and social causes, John Garfield found himself embroiled in the Communist scare of the late 1940s. Blacklisted during the McCarthy era in the early 1950s for his left-wing political beliefs, he adamantly refused to "name names" in testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in April 1951.

In his only TV appearance, Garfield played Joe Bonaparte and Kim Stanley played Lorna Moon in a scene from Clifford Odets' 'Golden Boy' on Cavalcade of Stars: John Garfield, Kim Stanley, Paul Winchell & Jerry Mahoney (1950). With film work scarce because of the blacklist, Garfield returned to Broadway and starred in a 1951 or 1952 revival (the sources differ) of 'Golden Boy'. Garfield finally played the role which Odets had written for him and which was denied him years before at the Group Theater.

His final film was the Film Noir He Ran All the Way (John Berry, 1951), with Shelley Winters. On 21 May 1952, John Garfield was found dead of a heart attack in the apartment of a friend, former showgirl Iris Whitney. A week before he had separated from his wife, and hours before his death he completed a statement modifying his 1951 testimony about his Communist affiliations. A day earlier Clifford Odets had testified before HUAC and reaffirmed that Garfield had never been a member of the Communist Party.

Garfield was the fourth actor to die after being subjected to a HUAC investigation. The others were Mady Christians (at 59), J. Edward Bromberg (at 47) and Canada Lee (at 45). The official cause of his death was coronary thrombosis due to a blood clot blocking an artery in his heart. His funeral was mobbed by thousands of fans, the largest funeral attendance for an actor since Rudolph Valentino.

Garfield had been married to his childhood sweetheart Roberta Seidman, from 1935 till his death. They had three children, Katherine (1938-1945), actor David Garfield (1942-1995) and actress Julie Garfield (1946-). His six-year-old daughter Katharine died of an allergic reaction in 1945. He never got over the loss. John Garfield is buried at Westchester Hills Cemetery, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York.


Dutch postcard. Photo: 20th Century Fox. John Garfield in Gentleman's Agreement (Elia Kazan, 1947).


Belgian postcard. by Kores 'Carboplan'. Photo: Warner Bros.


Belgian collectors card by Publesca for Le Cinéma Ritz, no. 123. Photo: Warner Bros. John Garfield in The Breaking Point (Michael Curtiz, 1950).


Italian postcard by B.F.F. Edit., no. 2200. Photo: Warner Bros.

Sources: Jim Beaver (IMDb), Wikipedia and IMDb.

This post was last updated on 4 May 2024.